PID-GPC算法在高速列车横向半主动悬挂控制系统中的应用

针对列车悬挂控制系统中控制器设计的复杂性,利用SIMULINK建立了17自由度的列车整车横向振动模型,引入了PID型广义预测（PID-GPC）半主动控制原理和控制策略,将半主动悬挂与被动悬挂在横向加速度、横向位移、横向振动速度以及平稳性上进行比较分析,结果表明,采用PID-GPC半主动悬挂装置能有效抑制车体的横向振动,提高列车的运行平稳性和舒适度。     

车-桥耦合振动2020年度研究进展

车桥耦合振动的主要研究内容包括轨道不平顺作用下的车桥耦合振动及随机振动、风车桥耦合振动、地震车桥耦合振动、新型轨道车辆-轨道梁耦合振动等方面。当前,中国铁路桥梁建设面临更大跨度、高速度、高舒适度等新的挑战,在风荷载及列车荷载等外部激励作用下,车桥间相互作用越发显著。如何准确预测实际复杂风环境下车桥耦合系统动力响应及高速列车的行车走行性,并为桥梁设计、线路运营、维护及管理提供技术指导,成为2020年度车桥耦合振动领域的研究热点和发展趋势。     

设置MR-TMD系统的跨线天桥在正线列车下的振动控制研究

对设置MR-TMD系统的跨线人行天桥在正线列车从其下方高速通过时的振动响应的抑制方法进行了研究。建立了设置TMD或MR-TMD系统的跨线人行天桥在列车风与列车引起的非一致激励环境振动共同作用下的智能控制方法,并以某跨线人行天桥为工程背景,根据不同类型的控制装置和控制算法对该跨线天桥在正线列车通过时的振动响应控制进行了研究,同时将仅采用TMD系统、采用MR-TMD系统的开关控制算法和采用MR-TMD系统的固定增量控制算法的控制效果进行对比分析。研究结果表明:采用MR-TMD系统的跨线天桥对于抑制由于高速列车通过时的振动响应非常有效,相应的舒适度也能得到极大改善,同时,采用MR-TMD系统的固定增量控制算法对跨线天桥的抑制效果明显优于其他类型的控制方法。     

地铁列车振动对临近建筑内人体舒适度的影响研究

随着城际轨道交通的迅速发展,列车营运引起的环境振动造成人体的不舒适已成为人们关注的焦点之一.通过对隶属度和振动加速度之间的关系的分析,建立了基于模糊理论的建筑结构内人体舒适度的烦恼率模型.利用隧道--建筑物三维有限元结构模型,并采用车辆轨道系统随机振动荷载时程谱加载,模拟得到了地铁车辆振动引起的建筑物内各层楼板中心点的加速度、速度等振动参数,给出了地铁振动引起的烦恼率曲线,进而得到了地铁列车运营产生的振动相对于人体舒适度参数.     

桁段有限元法分析钢桁梁桥振动

将列车-钢桁梁桥作为整体振动系统,钢桁梁桥采用桁段有限元法离散,列车采用具有23个自由度的二系弹簧车辆空间振动模型,得到系统振动的矩阵方程.以桥上实测蛇形波作为激振源,分别计算了旅客列车以80、100和120 km/h,货物列车以60和80 km/h车速通过某连续梁桥时车桥系统的振动响应,与传统有限元法相比,桁段有限元法能更好地处理钢桁梁桥中的桥门架单元.对某3×64 m连续梁桥的车桥振动进行分析表明,其Sperling指标、脱轨系数和减载率均在安全行车范围内,行车安全有保障,舒适度和车辆平稳性指标均达合格以上.     

基于GSM、GPS及CAN总线的列车行程测量系统的研究

针对当前列车行程记录方式比较落后的状况,采用GSM、CAN总线和GPS技术,设计了一个能够自动记录列车行驶里程的网络系统,并给出了系统的软件和硬件设计．本系统解决了现有列车行程记录方式存在的弊端,为列车行程的测量和管理提供了一种新方法．通过大量实验得出,当列车的行驶速度大于10km／h时,行程测量的相对误差小于2％．     

车辆-钢轨-钢弹簧浮置板道床耦合系统振动特性分析

根据分析动力学原理,建立了列车-轨道结构耦合系统模型。采用ANSYS软件对系统进行了模态分析和谐响应分析,得到了系统的固有频率和振型。根据振动理论得到了地基反力和力传递率幅频特性曲线。以Sperling指标为依据,对乘车舒适度进行了评价分析。进一步研究了不同钢弹簧刚度和阻尼情况下,乘车舒适度和地基反力的变化规律。结果表明:钢弹簧刚度越大,乘车舒适性越好,传至地基的反力越大;钢弹簧阻尼越大,乘车舒适性越好,传至地基的反力也越小。     

一种新型列车通信系统的研究

以国内现有的运营列车广播线作为通信信道,采用软、硬件结构与设计,建立以数字语音压缩为基础的列车旅客报警及内部通信系统,确保系统的适应性与工作的稳定可靠性。该系统能在各种情况下,及时响应乘客及乘务人员发出的各种报警信息,以无线寻呼方式立即通知列车三乘人员(乘警、列车长、安检员)及乘务员进行处理;并能在列车任意编组时,组成列车内部通信系统,实现各乘务室相互间的拨号呼叫及话音通信。     

基于CBTC城市轨道交通模拟运行控制系统设计

参照基于通信的列车控制(CBTC)系统的基本原理,设计了CBTC制式下的模拟运行控制硬件系统和列车控制系统.根据系统连锁关系和运营时刻表,制定了列车、信号机、转辙机的控制逻辑,在VC++平台开发了控制中心软件系统.经调试,该系统能够模拟实现基于无线通信的列车运行控制、列车运行间隔自动防护和列车自动监控等基本功能.     

基于对称交替方向乘子法的单列车最优运行控制

作为高铁系统研究的重点问题之一,列车运行控制在降低列车运行能耗以及提升铁路运营效率等方面具有重要的意义。针对单列车在多个站点间的运行控制问题,提出一种基于对称交替方向乘子法的单列车最优运行控制方案。以旅客乘坐舒适度、列车运行能耗以及列车准点到站作为优化目标,将列车运行动力学方程、站点发车时间、列车运行速度和列车牵引力限制等作为约束条件,构建了列车最优运行控制模型。在对称交替方向乘子法的框架下,将原最优控制问题转化成为2个独立的子问题,并引入交替求解的机制,获得原问题的最优解。数值仿真表明对称交替方向乘子法相比交替方向乘子法能够在较少迭代步数内求解获得列车的最优控制序列,验证了算法的有效性。     

基于模糊控制的高速列车运行控制系统研究

列车运行控制系统是保证列车安全、高速和高效运行的重要设备,根据列车在铁路线路上运行的客观条件和实际情况,对列车运行速度进行监督、控制和调整。高速、舒适是世界铁路发展的主要目标和方向,开发高效的高速列车运行控制系统势在必行。本文首先分析高速列车运行的控制问题,建立了高速列车运行的动力学模型,以给定的牵引和制动特性曲线得到参考速度曲线,将模糊控制技术应用于列车的运行控制中,实现了高速列车运行速度的智能控制。在Simulink中进行仿真研究,仿真结果表明,采用模糊控制的控制系统能确保列车实际运行速度很好地跟踪给定速度,系统的鲁棒性良好。     

Energy increment criteria for evaluation of train derailment

The criteria for evaluation of train derailment were studied. The worldwide commonly used evaluation criteria for wheel derailment were summarized and their main problems were pointed out. The mechanism of train derailment was expounded on the basis of system dynamics stability concept. And the energy increment criteria were proposed to evaluate train derailment. By applying the criteria, the calculated results concerning 6 cases of freight train derailment on tangent railway line and 6 cases of freight train derailment on bridge were obtained, which are all in agreement with the practical situation. The safety, comfort and stability results concerning 3 cases of freight train running on bridge were analyzed. In addition, the running speed limits of freight train on the Yanconggou and Donggou bridge in the Beijing-Tonghua railway line of 50 km/h and 60 km/h, respectively, were proposed. And the running speed of freight train on the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge can reach 70 km/h.     

山区高速列车车体动态当量泄漏面积阈值

针对静态气密参数无法真实反映列车过隧道时的气密性能问题和车内压力舒适性问题,基于一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动模型的广义黎曼变量特征线法,数值模拟列车过隧道时的车外压力波动. 对泄漏的空气质量流量进行修正,采用当量泄漏面积法模拟高速列车通过隧道时的车内压力. 以山区高速铁路为背景,研究中国某型号动车组车体动态当量泄漏面积阈值,提出列车符合不同舒适性标准时的动态当量泄漏面积阈值建议. 结果表明：车内压力符合1 000 Pa/10 s标准下的当量泄漏面积更小,列车当量泄漏面积阈值的最小值随着车速的增加而减小,头、尾车和中间车当量泄漏面积阈值的建议值分别为23.2和45.6 cm².     

A comprehensive review on coupling vibrations of train–bridge systems under external excitations

In recent years, high-speed railways in China have developed very rapidly, and the number and span of the railway bridges are keeping increasing. Meanwhile, frequent extreme disasters, such as strong winds, earthquakes and floods, pose a significant threat to the safety of the train–bridge systems. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to evaluate the safety and comfort of trains when crossing a bridge under external excitations. In these aspects, there is abundant research but lacks a literature review. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of research works on train–bridge systems under external excitations, which includes crosswinds, waves, collision loads and seismic loads. The characteristics of external excitations, the models of the train–bridge systems under external excitations, and the representative research results are summarized and analyzed. Finally, some suggestions for further research of the coupling vibration of train–bridge system under external excitations are presented.

     

Railway wheel profile fine-tuning system for profile recommendation

This paper develops a wheel profile fine-tuning system (WPFTS) that comprehensively considers the influence of wheel profile on wheel damage, vehicle stability, vehicle safety, and passenger comfort. WPFTS can recommend one or more optimized wheel profiles according to train operators’ needs, e.g., reducing wheel wear, mitigating the development of wheel out-of-roundness (OOR), improving the shape stability of the wheel profile. Specifically, WPFTS includes four modules: (I) a wheel profile generation module based on the rotary-scaling fine-tuning (RSFT) method; (II) a multi-objective generation module consisting of a rigid multi-body dynamics simulation (MBS) model, an analytical model, and a rigid–flexible MBS model, for generating 11 objectives related to wheel damage, vehicle stability, vehicle safety, and passenger comfort; (III) a weight assignment module consisting of an adaptive weight assignment strategy and a manual weight assignment strategy; and (IV) an optimization module based on radial basis function (RBF) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Finally, three cases are introduced to show how WPTFS recommends a wheel profile according to train operators’ needs. Among them, a wheel profile with high shape stability, a wheel profile for mitigating the development of wheel OOR, and a wheel profile considering hunting stability and derailment safety are developed, respectively.

     

轻轨列车和地震作用下公轨两用桥的动力响应分析

针对跨座式单轨列车过桥时行车的舒适性、安全性及桥梁结构完整性问题,本文以重庆菜园坝公轨两用桥为例,分析了轻轨列车和地震作用下公轨两用桥的动力响应,建立了桥梁结构的三维模型,并将轻轨列车荷载进行了适当的简化,通过特征值分析获得了桥梁结构的模态及频率,分别考虑了地震和移动荷载单独作用下桥梁结构的动力响应,并考虑了两种作用同时存在时桥梁结构的动力响应。分析结果表明,轻轨列车荷载对桥梁结构局部性能影响比较大;车速的提升对桥梁结构的振动影响并不显著;地震作用与移动荷载单独作用下引起桥梁结构的振动存在耦合。该研究对地震作用下公轨两用桥的运营安全及设计具有现实指导价值。     

Numerical investigation of piled raft foundation in mitigating embankment vibrations induced by high-speed trains

A three-dimensional dynamic finite element model of track-ballast-embankment and piled raft foundation system is established. Dynamic response of a railway embankment to a high-speed train is simulated for two cases: soft ground improved by piled raft foundation, and untreated soft ground. The obtained results are compared both in time domain and frequency domain to evaluate the effectiveness of the ground improvement in mitigating the embankment vibrations induced by high-speed trains. The results show that ground improving methods can significantly reduce the embankment vibrations at all considered train speeds(36-432 km/h). The ground response to a moving load is dictated largely by the relationship between load speed and characteristic value of wave velocities of the ground medium. At low speeds, the ground response from a moving load is essentially quasi-static. That is, the displacements fields are essential the static fields under the load simply moving with it. For the soft ground, the displacement on the ballast surface is large at all observed train speeds. For the model case where the ground is improved by piled raft foundation, the peak displacement is reduced at all considered train speeds compared with the case without ground improvement. Based on the effect of energy-dissipating of ballast-embankment-ground system with damping, the train-induced vibration waves moving in ballast and embankment are trapped and dissipated, and thus the vibration amplitudes of dynamic displacement outside the embankment are significantly reduced. But for the vibration amplitude of dynamic velocity, the vibration waves in embankment are absorbed or reflected back, and the velocity amplitudes at the ballast and embankment surface are enhanced. For the change of the vibration character of embankment and ballast, the bearing capacity and dynamic character are improved. Therefore, both of the static and dynamic displacements are reduced by ground improvement; the dynamic velocity of ballast and embankment increases with the increase of train speed and its vibration noise is another issue of concern that should be carefully evaluated because it is associated with the running safety and comfort of high-speed trains.     

“房桥合一”站厅结构振动舒适度烦恼率分析

为研究"房桥合一"结构体系在多种动力荷载作用下高架站厅结构的舒适度与传统振动规范的适用性,对某大型客站进行人群、列车荷载下的动力测试,通过现场调查研究了该振动水平下的旅客烦恼反应;基于不同荷载类型与结构跨度,利用已有的考虑了模糊性与随机性的烦恼率模型进行反推计算,建立适合于评价"房桥合一"结构烦恼率的舒适度量化指标.研究结果表明:部分区域振动水平未达到人体感知阀值,实际烦恼率为2%;部分区域振动强度超过70 d B,其理论烦恼率为50%,然而实际烦恼率仍为2%,传统舒适度评价标准并不能准确评价该类新型结构体系.烦恼率模型可以量化任意振动强度下的干扰反应率,给出高架站厅结构的振动限值介于75~90 d B,与ISO规范振动反应描述较为一致,弥补了现行规范关于大跨度"房桥合一"结构舒适度评价的缺失.