粉煤灰漂珠粒径对粉煤灰漂珠/AZ91D镁合金复合材料阻尼性能的影响

通过搅拌铸造法向半固态AZ91D镁合金中添加粉煤灰漂珠（FAC）制备了FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料,研究了FAC粒径对该复合材料阻尼性能的影响。结果表明:FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的阻尼性能明显优于基体材料,在FAC含量相同时,FAC的粒径越大,其阻尼性能越好。室温下FAC对提高FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的阻尼性能起重要作用,FAC附近的基体产生了高密度的位错,形成了塑性区。室温下FAC粒径越大,在其附近产生的塑性区越大,阻尼性能越好。随温度的升高,FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的阻尼性能迅速提高。位错、晶界以及FAC和基体之间的界面运动是提高阻尼性能的关键。      

Si对AZ91D镁合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

利用光学金相显微镜OM和XRD分析了加入微量Si的AZ91D合金显微组织和相组成,测试了合金室温拉伸力学性能和硬度,利用SEM分析了合金拉伸断口形貌.结果表明,加入一定量Si后AZ91D合金组织中形成汉字状Mg2Si相,富集于固液界面前沿,阻碍α-Mg基体的自由长大,从而细化合金铸态组织;汉字状Mg2Si相的存在导致合金力学性能的降低;AZ91D合金室温拉伸断口是以解理断裂为主的脆性断裂,加入Si后,断裂常发生于α-Mg基体和汉字状Mg2Si相间的界面处.     

放电等离子体烧结制备Mg85Zn6Y9颗粒增强Mg-9Al-1Zn复合材料组织与力学性能

采用高能球磨法和放电等离子体烧结（SPS）技术,以包含100%长周期堆垛有序结构（LPSO）相Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉镁合金为原料,通过将其球磨成纳米晶颗粒后与Mg-9Al-1Zn（AZ91）镁合金雾化颗粒进行机械混合,并在350℃烧结温度下成功制备出不同质量分数（0~30wt%）的LPSO相Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉颗粒增强AZ91复合材料（Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉/AZ91）。采用光学显微镜（OM）、SEM及TEM对Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉/AZ91复合材料的微观组织结构进行表征;采用XRD分析其固溶处理前后的相转变;与此同时对复合材料进行显微硬度与压缩试验,综合研究其微观组织与力学性能的关系。相关结果表明,Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉颗粒经3 h高能球磨后颗粒尺寸显著减小,硬度随晶粒细化而提升。Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉增强颗粒主要分布在AZ91基体颗粒边界处,随着Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉质量分数的增加,增强相颗粒有相互结合成连续网格状趋势。增强颗粒与基体界面处未见明显过渡层,基体界面处的β相经400℃×24 h固溶处理后进入基体,部分增强颗粒亦转变为Mg相。本实验条件下制备的最佳性能的20wt% Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉/AZ91复合材料经固溶处理后的室温屈服强度从200 MPa转变为230 MPa,屈服强度均较未添加Mg₈₅Zn₆Y₉的AZ91镁合金有较大的提高。     

压铸(Al63Cu25Fe12)p/AZ91复合材料的组织、性能和热处理特征

在CO2/SF6气氛保护下,采用压铸的方法将-200目的Al63Cu25Fe12准晶粉末注入到熔融的AZ91镁合金中,于720℃和一定的压力下保压30min,制备了新型的(Al63Cu25Fe12)p/AZ91镁基复合材料.结果表明,在复合过程中,准晶相分解出的自由Cu向基体扩散并与基体中的Al发生反应,生成的金属间化合物分布在准晶颗粒周围,同时Mg向颗粒中浸渗填充到颗粒的孔隙中;复合材料具有不同于基体镁合金的固溶时效特征,需要更长的时间才能达到时效峰值;复合材料经过热挤压和热处理后的力学性能显著提高,抗拉强度从AZ91铸态材料的189.54MPa提高到359.38MPa,但塑性有所降低.     

等通道角变形对搅拌铸造SiC_P/AZ91复合材料显微组织与室温性能的影响

采用搅拌铸造法成功制备了SiC_P/Mg(AZ91)复合材料并对铸态复合材料进行了等通道角挤压变形(Equal channel angular pressing,ECAP)。结果表明,搅拌铸造态SiC_P/AZ91复合材料的基体组织致密,颗粒与基体结合良好,没有出现宏观团聚;SiC_P大部分聚集在晶界附近区域并呈"项链状"分布。ECAP变形可以有效地消除铸态SiC_P/AZ91复合材料中的SiC_P"项链状"分布,并且随着ECAP道次的增加,SiC_P分布更加均匀;在ECAP过程中,SiC_P发生了一定断裂但并不明显。SiC_P/AZ91复合材料基体晶粒随着变形道次的提高而逐渐细化。基体晶粒细化以及SiC_P分布均匀化是SiC_P/AZ91复合材料屈服强度和抗拉强度随着道次提升而逐渐增加的主要原因。     

AZ91D镁合金阻尼性能的研究

利用动态机械分析仪(DMA)研究了热处理工艺对商业AZ91D镁合金阻尼性能的影响规律.研究结果表明热处理对AZ91 D镁合金的阻尼性能有较明显的影响.时效处理态AZ91D镁合金的临界脱钉应变振幅小于固溶处理态.当应变振幅大于临界应变振幅,合金的阻尼值迅速升高.随着测试温度的升高,合金的阻尼值升高,在临界温度之前以位错阻尼机制为主,当温度超过临界温度则以晶界滑动为主要阻尼机制.     

原位合成Mg2Sip/Al复合材料的组织及性能研究

采用熔体直接反应法成功制备了Mg2Sip/Al复合材料,研究了Mg2Si颗粒含量及530℃固溶6h+173℃时效5h热处理对复合材料组织和性能的影响,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等分析了复合材料的物相和显微组织,并测试了其力学性能。结果表明,随着Mg2Si颗粒含量的增加,在一定范围内,铸态复合材料基体的晶粒尺寸随之变小;热处理后Mg2Si颗粒名义含量4%(质量分数)的复合材料析出的二次相颗粒较名义含量5%(质量分数)的复合材料更多,二次相颗粒平均尺寸均约为4μm,且颗粒名义含量4%(质量分数)的复合材料热处理后抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到280MPa和9%,较热处理前分别提高了24.44%和63.64%     

Bi对挤压态AZ61镁合金组织和力学性能影响

研究了添加Bi元素对AZ61镁合金铸态、固溶态和挤压态组织和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,向合金中加入Bi后,铸态合金基体中析出了片状和颗粒状的Mg3Bi2相,挤压态合金的组织得到了细化。当加入2%(质量分数)Bi后,挤压态合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度达到最大值,分别为239.4和322.6 MPa。随着Bi含量的进一步增加,粗大的Mg3Bi2相显著增多,加载时割裂基体,导致力学性能降低。     

漂珠/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的高温压缩变形行为

采用搅拌铸造法制备了漂珠(FAC)/AZ91D镁合金复合材料。研究了该复合材料的高温压缩变形行为,分析了压缩变形温度和应变率对FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料压缩变形行为的影响规律,并计算了其热变形激活能。结果表明:FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的高温压缩真应力-真应变曲线分为4个阶段:弹性变形、加工硬化、峰值应力和稳态流变阶段。相同应变率下,FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的峰值应力和稳态流变应力随压缩变形温度的升高而降低;相同压缩变形温度下,流变应力随应变率增大而升高。在相同应变率或相同压缩变形温度下,FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的热变形激活能随压缩应变率或压缩变形温度的升高而增大,其热压缩行为可以用双曲正弦函数形式的Arrhenius关系来描述。压缩变形温度与应变率对FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的高温压缩组织均有重要影响。提高压缩变形温度或增大应变率,均可加速动态再结晶的进程。     

固溶处理对AM60B+XRE及AZ91D+XRE 镁合金性能的影响

研究了添加少量富铈混合稀土的AM60B+xRE及AZ91D+xRE合金(x=0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6和2.0%,质量分数)固溶处理后的显微组织与机械性能.结果表明,添加混合稀土能显著提高合金的抗拉强度σb和屈服强度σ0.2,固溶处理明显提高AZ91D+xRE合金的强度;AM60B+xRE及AZ91D+xRE合金的铸态组织由α(Mg)固溶体、杆状Al11RE3相、颗粒状Al10Ce2Mn7相以及网状Mg17Al12相组成,经过固溶处理后,网状Mg17Al12相完全溶解,只剩下热稳定性较高的Al11RE3相和Al10Ce2Mn7相,随固溶时间的延长,其形态略有改变.AM60B+xRE合金拉伸试样断口呈带局部韧窝的准解理断裂形式,而AZ91D+xRE合金则呈现沿晶断裂+解理断裂的混合断口形态.     

短切碳纤维/AZ91D镁合金复合材料高温变形动态再结晶行为

在变形温度为340~400℃、应变速率为0.001~0.1 s^-1、最大真应变为0.7的条件下,采用等温压缩实验研究了短切碳纤维（CF_s）/AZ91D复合材料和AZ91D镁合金的动态再结晶行为。结果表明：CF_s/AZ91D复合材料和AZ91D镁合金在高温压缩过程中均发生了显著的动态再结晶;CF_s极大地促进了AZ91D基体的动态再结晶过程,减小了动态再结晶临界应变并细化了再结晶晶粒组织;AZ91D镁合金动态再结晶体积分数随应变量增加表现为典型的"S"型变化曲线,而CF_s/AZ91D复合材料则呈现出快速增长-缓慢增长-趋于平稳的非线性变化规律。根据实验结果分别建立了CF_s/AZ91D复合材料和AZ91D镁合金的动态再结晶临界应变模型和动力学模型,在此基础上分析了二者高温变形动态再结晶行为的差异。     

原位反应渗透法TiCp/Mg复合材料的制备和性能

利用Ti和C元素粉末间的原位放热反应合成TiCp,结合Mg熔体的自发渗透技术制备了TiCp/Mg以及TiCp/AZ91D两种镁基复合材料,观测了复合材料的相组成和原位反应生成物TiCp的形貌,研究了这两种镁基复合材料的常温压缩性能.结果表明,原位反应自发渗透技术制备的Mg基复合材料组织致密,增强相呈细小的颗粒状和互穿网片状,分布均匀.这是材料的压缩强度得到提高的原因.在常温以及应变速率为0.01 s-1的条件下,TiCp/Mg和TiCp/AZ91D镁基复合材料的压缩强度分别达到598和650 MPa.     

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of die casting AZ91D-Fly ash cenosphere composites

The feasibility of incorporating fly ash cenospheres in die cast magnesium alloy has been demonstrated. The effects of fly ash cenosphere additions on the microstructure and some of the salient physical and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy (AZ91D) metal matrix composites were investigated. The control AZ91D alloy and associated composites, containing 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of fly ash cenospheres (added), were synthesized using a die casting technique. A microstructural comparison showed that microstructural refinement – occurred due to the fly ash additions and became more pronounced with an increase in the percentage of the fly ash added. The metal matrix areas nearer to the fly ash particles exhibited a greater degree of refinement than was observed in the areas further away from these particles. Both filled and unfilled fly ash cenospheres, and porosity were observed in the composite microstructures. The composite specimen densities decreased and the coefficient of thermal expansion did not change significantly as the volume percent of fly ash was increased within the range investigated. The hardness values of the composite specimens exhibited an increase in proportion to the increase in percentage of added fly ash. The tensile strength of the composites also increased as the concentration of fly ash cenospheres was increased. In contrast, the Young’s modulus of these composite samples, as measured by non-destructive pulse-echo method, decreased as the percentage of fly ash in the composite was increased. SEM micrographs of the tensile fracture surfaces showed broken cenospheres on the fracture surface and evidence of ‘pull outs’, where fly ash particles were previously embedded in the matrix. Compression testing results showed that the presence of 5 wt.% cenospheres decreased the compressive strength and compressive yield strength of the composite relative to that of the AZ91D matrix alloy. Surprisingly, a significant change in compression strength was not observed for the composites with 10 and 15 wt.% cenospheres in comparison to the AZ91D matrix alloy. In contrast to the tensile tests, no cenosphere remnants were observed on the compressive test fracture surface of the composites. This observation suggests that the fracture of the composite was initiated within the AZ91D matrix by normal void nucleation and growth, followed by crack propagation through the matrix, avoiding any of the cenospheres, leading to composite fracture of the matrix.     

Fabrication of SiC particles-reinforced magnesium matrix composite by ultrasonic vibration

Magnesium matrix composites reinforced with two volume fractions (1 and 3%) of SiC particles (1 μm) were successfully fabricated by ultrasonic vibration. Compared with as-cast AZ91 alloy, with the addition of the SiC particles grain size of matrix decreased, while most of the phase Mg₁₇Al₁₂ varied from coarse plates to lamellar precipitates in the SiCp/AZ91 composites. With increasing volume fraction of the SiC particles, grains of matrix in the SiCp/AZ91 composites were gradually refined. The SiC particles were located mainly at grain boundaries in both 1 vol% SiCp/AZ91 composite and 3 vol% SiCp/AZ91 composite. SiC particles inside the particle clusters may be still separated by magnesium. The study of the interface between the SiC particle and the alloy matrix suggested that SiC particles bonded well with the alloy matrix without interfacial reaction. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation to fracture of the SiCp/AZ91 composites were simultaneously improved compared with that of the as-cast AZ91 alloy.     

高能超声对Mg2 Si / AZ91D 复合材料的影响

为改善原位颗粒增强镁基复合材料的性能,采用原位合成技术制备了Mg2Si/AZ91D复合材料,通过在熔体中施加高能超声,研究了超声时间和超声功率对复合材料组织性能的影响.结果表明:随着超声时间的延长或超声功率的增大,复合材料中粗大的汉字状Mg2Si相变得细小、分布均匀,同时细小分布均匀的球化状β-Mg17Al12相增多;超声时间为6 min、超声功率为1.2 kW时,组织中呈短棒状的Mg2Si颗粒和球化状β-Mg17Al12相分布均匀,且复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率达到最大,分别为220.5 MPa和2.6%,较未施加超声的复合材料试样提高了22.3%和38.9%;再延长处理时间或增大输出功率,组织有粗化的趋势,复合材料的抗拉性能及伸长率也呈现先升后降趋势.     

Processing and Characterization of In Situ (TiC–TiB2)p/AZ91D Magnesium Matrix Composites

In this paper, a practical and cost‐effective processing route, in situ reactive infiltration technique, was utilized to fabricate magnesium matrix composites reinforced with a network of TiC–TiB₂ particulates. These ceramic reinforcement phases were synthesized in situ from Ti and B₄C powders without any addition of a third metal powder such as Al. The molten Mg alloy infiltrates the preform of (Ti_p + B₄C_p) by capillary forces. The microstructure of the composites was investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The compression behavior of the composites processed at different conditions was investigated. Also, the flexural strength behavior was assessed through the four‐point‐bending test at room temperature. Microstructural characterization of the (TiB₂–TiC)/AZ91D composite processed at 900 °C for 1.5 h shows a relatively uniform distribution of TiB₂ and TiC particulates in the matrix material resulting in the highest compressive strength and Young's modulus. Compared with those of the unreinforced AZ91D Mg alloy, the elastic modulus, flexural and compressive strengths of the composite are greatly improved. In contrast, the ductility is lower than that of the unreinforced AZ91D Mg alloy. However, this lower ductility was improved by the addition of MgH₂ powder in the preform. Secondary scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the fracture surfaces after the flexural strength test. The composites show signs of mixed fracture; cleavage regions and some dimpling. In addition, microcracks observed in the matrix show that the failure might have initiated in the matrix rather than from the reinforcing particulates.     

Relationship between age-hardening by continuous precipitation and damping capacity in AZ91 alloy

The strain-amplitude-dependent and strain-amplitude-independent damping capacities of a cast AZ91 magnesium alloy as functions of its age-hardening response induced by continuous precipitation have been investigated. The damping capacities of the AZ91 alloy exhibited a decreasing tendency in the order of solutionised, underaged, overaged, and peak aged states in the strain-amplitude-dependent region, whereas they increased continuously with aging time in the strain-amplitude-independent region. In view of the microstructural evolution during aging, the lower Al concentration in the α-(Mg) matrix and the lower number density of continuous precipitates are thought to be responsible for the better damping capacities of the AZ91 alloy in the strain-amplitude-independent and strain-amplitude-dependent regions, respectively.