羽毛角蛋白/PVA复合纳米纤维膜的制备及表征

以羽毛角蛋白(FK)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,水为溶剂,通过静电纺丝技术制备了FK/PVA复合纳米纤维膜。探讨了复合纳米纤维中FK与PVA的相容性,研究了FK的添加对纤维膜微观形貌、结晶度、热稳定性、亲水性等性能的影响。SEM结果表明,在聚合物总质量分数为14%的条件下制备的FK/PVA复合纳米纤维,表面平整光滑,平均直径为250~320nm,FK含量越大,直径越小。FTIR结果表明,FK与PVA具有良好的相容性,分子间存在氢键作用力。XRD结果表明,FK的加入破坏了PVA分子的规整排列,复合纳米纤维膜的结晶度下降。TG分析与接触角测试结果表明,随着体系中FK配比的增大,复合纳米纤维膜的热稳定性和亲水性均得到提高。     

AOPAN/RC纳米纤维膜的制备及对金属离子吸附性能

采用静电纺丝技术制备聚丙烯腈/醋酸纤维素(PAN/CA)纳米纤维膜,通过化学改性制备偕胺肟化聚丙烯腈/再生纤维素(AOPAN/RC)纳米纤维膜,研究了纳米纤维膜对单一金属离子(Fe~(3+))和混合金属离子(Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Fe~(3+))的吸附性能。通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线能谱仪等测试对纳米纤维膜进行了表征,并通过静态接触角测定纳米纤维膜亲水性能。研究表明,改性后制备的AOPAN/RC纳米纤维膜的亲水性能得到较大改善,同时纳米纤维膜能够高效吸附溶液中的金属离子,纳米纤维膜对单一组分Fe~(3+)的饱和吸附可达411.21mg/g,对于混合金属离子溶液,纳米纤维膜对其吸附能力顺序为Fe~(3+)Cu~(2+)Cd~(2+),而且纳米纤维膜具备优良的重复使用能力。     

PBT/PVA复合纳米纤维膜的制备及性能研究

通过将聚乙烯醇(PVA)与聚对苯二甲丁二醇酯(PBT)不同比例混合进行静电纺丝,对所得PBT/PVA复合纳米纤维膜通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、单轴拉伸测试以及水接触角测试进行了表征。结果显示:PBT/PVA混合溶液的可纺性和所得纤维膜形貌随PVA含量增加而变化;纯PBT纳米纤维膜表现为较低的力学性能和疏水性(水接触角为135°),而少量PVA的混入(PBT/PVA=20/1或10/1)可以有效提高所得纤维膜力学性能和亲水性,尤其10/1的PBT/PVA复合纤维膜在力学性能提高的同时表现为超亲水特性(水接触为0°)。     

PEG/PVA相变复合纳米纤维的制备及其性能研究

在室温下制得了PEG/PVA相变复合纳米纤维。探讨了PVA/PEG和PEG2000/PEG4000各自不同质量分数、外加电压、接收距离、外加盐离子等参数对纤维直径和纤维网形态的影响。结果表明PEG/PVA为60/40,电压为15kV,接受距离为10cm时,成纤较好。运用DSC测试复合纳米纤维的可逆相转变特性,Tm和TC值与PEG2000/PEG4000的比例有关。     

氨基化PAN@SiO2纳米纤维膜除铬性能研究

结合静电纺丝技术和溶胶-凝胶法制备了聚丙烯腈(PAN)@SiO_2纳米纤维膜,利用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)对PAN@SiO_2纳米纤维膜进行氨基改性,成功制备出APAN@SiO_2复合纳米纤维膜。通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱等方法对纳米纤维膜的形貌、结构进行分析,利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪对纤维膜的除Cr(Ⅵ)能力进行表征。结果表明:纳米SiO_2颗粒在PAN纳米纤维膜表面生长后,使得PAN纳米纤维膜的比表面积从8.76m~2/g增大到13.32m~2/g;APAN@SiO_2复合纳米纤维膜的机械性能优异;在Cr(Ⅵ)溶液初始质量浓度为100mg/L、SiO_2溶胶-凝胶时间为6h、KH550体积分数为2%条件下,APAN@SiO_2复合纳米纤维膜除铬效果最好,最大吸附量达到112.6mg/g。吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir等温吸附模型。循环吸附实验表明,APAN@SiO_2复合纳米纤维膜经过4次循环实验后,除铬效率依然保持在50%以上。     

PVDF/SiO_2原位复合纳米纤维膜的制备及性能研究

采用原位复合溶胶一凝胶法配制复合纺丝液,通过高压静电纺丝制备出PVDF／SiO2复合纳米纤维膜。采用FTIR分析了PVDF与Si02分子间的相互作用,并通过TEM表征了纳米二氧化硅的具体分散状态。研究了纳米si02的加入对膜的热性能、结晶行为及力学性能的影响。结果表明,原位复合溶胶一凝胶法使纳米Si02在PVDF中具有...     

PVDF/SiO_2原位复合纳米纤维膜的制备及性能研究

采用原位复合溶胶-凝胶法配制复合纺丝液,通过高压静电纺丝制备出PVDF/SiO_2复合纳米纤维膜。采用FTIR分析了PVDF与SiO_2分子间的相互作用,并通过TEM表征了纳米二氧化硅的具体分散状态。研究了纳米SiO_2的加入对膜的热性能、结晶行为及力学性能的影响。结果表明,原位复合溶胶-凝胶法使纳米SiO_2在PVDF中具有良好的分散性,由FTIR可知在纳米SiO_2与PVDF分子间形成了C-O-Si键,使纳米粒子与PVDF基体形成了一定的结合力,进而提高了纤维的强度,且对纤维的热性能及结晶行为也产生了一定的影响。     

PPV/PVA复合纳米纤维的制备

用静电纺丝法制备电子聚合物聚对苯乙炔(PPV)与非共轭聚合物聚乙烯醇(PVA)的复合纳米纤维.对复合纳米纤维的发光性质和形态进行了表征.与PPV薄膜相比,复合纳米纤维的发射光谱在PPV含量较高时(如1:1(质量比)时)变化不明显;而含量较低时(如1:4(质量比)时)有明显的蓝移现象;当PPV的含量非常低时(如1:99(质量比)时),光谱的蓝移值趋于确定.     

静电纺纳米粘土/亚麻复合纳米纤维的制备及表征

利用静电纺丝技术制备了纳米粘土/亚麻落麻复合纳米纤维,其中亚麻落麻纤维溶解在分散有纳米粘土的4-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMO)/水的混合体系中。探究了纳米粘土和亚麻落麻的浓度、纺丝条件对纺丝工艺的影响。采用光学显微镜、SEM、TEM、FTIR、XRD和TGA测试了复合纳米纤维的微观形貌、结构及热学行为。结果表明:亚麻纤维浓度为1%时,可纺制成丝,且纳米粘土的加入可有效地改善纤维的细度和均匀性;TEM测试结果表明:纳米粘土已成功附着在纳米纤维上,但分散性有待进一步提高;FTIR和XRD结果表明:纳米粘土成功附着在亚麻纤维中,且存在于亚麻纳米纤维和粘土/亚麻复合纳米纤维中的纤维素为纤维素II型结晶;TGA分析表明:纳米粘土的引入可显著提高亚麻纤维的热稳定性。     

n-HA/PVA复合纳米纤维的静电纺丝制备

采用静电纺丝法制备了羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维。并用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜等分析测试手段对所制得纳米纤维的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,静电纺丝的纤维中聚乙烯醇的结晶度明显降低,羟基磷灰石与聚乙烯醇为物理复合;复合纤维随着羟基磷灰石含量增加,直径增大且分布均匀性降低;羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇质量比为2/8时,复合纤维形貌较佳。说明静电纺丝法制备羟基磷灰石/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维是可行的。     

PAM/SiO2磺甲基化改性及吸附重金属离子研究

以正硅酸乙酯为前驱体,采用原位溶胶-凝胶方法,合成聚丙烯酰胺/二氧化硅(PAM/SiO2)复合树脂;以甲醛和亚硫酸氢钠为磺甲基化试剂对PAM/SiO2进行磺甲基化改性,制得改性PAM/SiO2复合吸附树脂(SPAM)。考察正硅酸乙酯用量、离子浓度、树脂用量、吸附时间等因素对SPAM吸附重金属性能的影响,通过红外光谱(IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征SPAM的结构。结果表明,SPAM对铅离子的吸附容量为2.5mmol/g,吸附率为96.3%,对铜离子的吸附容量1.5mmol/g,吸附率为68.3%。     

石墨烯及其复合材料对水中重金属离子的吸附性能研究

石墨烯作为一种新型的碳纳米材料,具有独特的物理化学性质如高的机械强度、良好的稳定性、超大的比表面积及极强的表面化学活性等,使得石墨烯成为一种得天独厚的吸附材料。综述了石墨烯及其复合材料的制备方法,并对其在去除水中重金属离子的研究进展与吸附机理方面进行了综述,最后对石墨烯及其复合材料的后续研究方向进行了展望。     

石墨烯复合材料对水中金属离子的吸附研究进展

石墨烯是一种新型的纳米材料,具有一些独特的物理和化学性质,如高机械强度、良好的导电导热性、比表面积、化学稳定性好等。关于石墨烯的应用涉及到电子、信息、能源、材料、催化和生物医药等多个领域。概述了近年来石墨烯复合材料在水处理过程中对重金属离子的吸附研究,内容有石墨烯复合材料的制备及它们的吸附效果、吸附机理、吸附动力学、热力学,并就今后石墨烯复合材料在水处理过程中的应用进行了展望。     

Efficient removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using salicylic acid type chelate adsorbent

In this study, 5-aminosalicylic acid was successfully grafted onto the poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) macromolecular chains of PGMA/SiO₂ to obtain a novel adsorbent designated as ASA-PGMA/SiO₂. The adsorption properties of ASA-PGMA/SiO₂ for heavy metal ions were studied through batch and column methods. The experimental results showed that ASA-PGMA/SiO₂ possesses strong chelating adsorption ability for heavy metal ions, and its adsorption capacity for Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Pb²⁺ reaches 0.42, 0.40, 0.35, and 0.31 mmol g⁻¹, respectively. In addition, pH has a great influence on the adsorption capacity in the studied pH range. The adsorption isotherm data greatly obey the Langmuir and Freundlich model. The desorption of metal ions from ASA-PGMA/SiO₂ is effective using 0.1 mol l⁻¹ of hydrochloric acid solution as eluent. Consecutive adsorption-desorption experiments showed that ASA-PGMA/SiO₂ could be reused almost without any loss in the adsorption capacity.     

Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions using various low-cost adsorbents

The removal of single heavy metals Co and Zn from aqueous solutions using various low-cost adsorbents (Fe(2)O(3), Fe(3)O(4), FeS, steel wool, Mg pellets, Cu pellets, Zn pellets, Al pellets, Fe pellets, coal, and GAC) was investigated. Experiments were performed at different solution pH values (1.5-9) and metal concentrations (0.67-333 mg/l). The effect of solution pH on metal adsorption using Fe(2)O(3) and Fe(3)O(4) was significant, but was negligibly small using steel wool, Mg pellets, Fe pellets, and Al pellets over the entire pH range. Steel wool and Mg pellets were the most excellent adsorbents; for example, the removal of Zn and Co from dilute solutions (<35 mg/l) was greater than 94% at an adsorbent dose of 1.7 g/l. A mass transfer model, which involves two parameters tau (50% breakthrough time) and k (proportionality constant), was proposed to describe breakthrough data of Co in the fixed beds packed with steel wool and Mg pellets. The calculated breakthrough curves agreed well with the measured data (standard deviation < 6%). The value of tau decreased with increasing the flow rate. The effects of flow rates on the value of k and adsorption capacity are discussed.     

Removal of oil from water using magnetic bicomponent composite nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning

In the present study, a magnetic nanofibrous composite mat composed of polystyrene (PS)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers with selective incorporation of iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles (NPs) on/in PS was successfully prepared via a facile two-nozzle electrospinning process for oil-in-water separation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy showed the mats to be highly-porous in structure and confirmed the presence of the Fe₃O₄ NPs on/in the nanofibers. Both PS and PVDF nanofibers exhibited oleophilic and hydrophobic properties. The results showed improved mechanical properties when PVDF was added to the composite mat compared to the pristine PS mat. In addition, the incorporation of magnetic Fe₃O₄ NPs in the composite mat helps in the easy recovery of the mats after the oil-in-water sorption process. The composite mats showed good oil sorption capacity (35–46 g/g) and improved mechanical property. The present electrospun magnetic PVDF/Fe₃O₄@PS nanofibers could be potentially useful for the efficient removal of oil in water and recovery of sorbent material.     

TiO2纳滤膜对重金属离子的截留性能

采用孔径为1.5 nm的TiO2纳滤膜,在压力0.4～0.8 MPa,pH值3～7的条件下,考察了膜对浓度范围为50～500 mg/L的Cu(NO3)2、Ni(NO3)2、ZnC12和CdC12四种单组份重金属溶液的截留性能.结果表明:除Cd2+外,膜对重金属离子的截留率随溶液浓度的增大先增大,当浓度达到200 mg/L后趋于稳定;升高压力膜的离子截留率会略有增加;当pH=6时,膜对Ni2+和Cd2+的截留率最低,而对Cu2+和Zn2+的截留率在pH=5～6时达到最高.TiO2膜对Cu2+、Ni2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的最高截留率分别可以达到96.9％、95.9％、92.5％和83.2％.     

Biosorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by red macroalgae

Biosorption is an effective process for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. The biomass of marine algae has been reported to have high biosorption capacities for a number of heavy metal ions. In this study, four species of red seaweeds Corallina mediterranea, Galaxaura oblongata, Jania rubens and Pterocladia capillacea were examined to remove Co(II), Cd(II), Cr(III) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution. The experimental parameters that affect the biosorption process such as pH, contact time and biomass dosage were studied. The maximum biosorption capacity of metal ions was 105.2mg/g at biomass dosage 10 g/L, pH 5 and contact time 60 min. The biosorption efficiency of algal biomass for the removal of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater was evaluated for two successive cycles. Galaxaura oblongata biomass was relatively more efficient to remove metal ions with mean biosorption efficiency of 84%. This study demonstrated that these seaweeds constitute a promising, efficient, cheap and biodegradable sorbent biomaterial for lowering the heavy metal pollution in the environment.     

胶束强化超滤技术分离水溶液中有色金属离子的研究

胶束强化超滤是一种实现水溶液中小分子量物质分离的新技术.该技术利用表面活性剂胶束对金属离子的吸附作用,结合超滤工艺,进而达到去除Cd2 ,Cu2 ,Ni ,Pb2 ,Co2 ,Zn2 等有色金属离子的目的.介绍了胶束强化超滤技术分离水溶液中有色金属离子的研究现状,分析了该技术目前存在的问题以及今后的应用前景.     

Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions using carbon aerogel as an adsorbent

The removal of Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II) and Zn(II) by carbon aerogel has been found to be concentration, pH, contact time, adsorbent dose and temperature dependent. The adsorption parameters were determined using both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Surface complexation and ion exchange are the major removal mechanisms involved. The adsorption isotherm studies clearly indicated that the adsorptive behaviour of metal ions on carbon aerogel satisfies not only the Langmuir assumptions but also the Freundlich assumptions, i.e. multilayer formation on the surface of the adsorbent with an exponential distribution of site energy. The applicability of the Lagergren kinetic model has also been investigated. Thermodynamic constant (K(ad)), standard free energy (DeltaG(0)), enthalpy (DeltaH(0)) and entropy (DeltaS(0)) were calculated for predicting the nature of adsorption. The results indicate the potential application of this method for effluent treatment in industries and also provide strong evidence to support the adsorption mechanism proposed.