杨木纤维/聚乙烯复合材料拉伸性能微观力学模型

制备了不同杨木纤维含量的杨木纤维/聚乙烯复合材料,利用Hirsch模型、Kelly-Tyson模型和Bowyer-Bader模型对杨木纤维/聚乙烯复合材料的微观力学进行建模,通过对杨木纤维/聚乙烯复合材料及塑料基体的拉伸应力-应变曲线和杨木纤维长度分布的研究,计算得到杨木纤维在聚乙烯基体中的取向系数、界面剪切强度和本征抗拉强度,解释了杨木纤维/聚乙烯复合材料拉伸性能的变化规律。此外,利用微观力学模型计算得到了亚临界纤维、超临界纤维、塑料基体对杨木纤维/聚乙烯复合材料拉伸强度的贡献比例。     

单宁酸协同改性超高分子量聚乙烯纤维与环氧树脂复合材料

将单宁酸共混改性的环氧树脂与单宁酸-金属Na+络合改性超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维进行复合,从而改善了UHMWPE纤维与环氧树脂的界面强度,提高了纤维增强复合材料的整体性能.改性后纤维表面的单宁酸与树脂基体中的单宁酸在界面处形成"桥联"作用.单宁酸共混改性环氧树脂是为了在环氧树脂中引入羟基以增强其力学强度.结果...     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强防弹复合材料研究进展

介绍了超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维的特点、种类及编织结构,分析了UHMWPE纤维复合材料的防弹机理,总结了UHMWPE纤维的编织结构、树脂基体性能、界面性能等因素对防弹性能的影响,归纳了UHMWPE纤维防弹复合材料的优缺点,并对UHMWPE纤维复合材料的发展进行了展望。     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强复合材料的性能研究

采用一种结构与超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维相似、且对纤维表面具有良好浸润性的碳氢树脂(PCH)作基体,通过层压成型方法制得UHMWPE/PCH复合材料.研究了复合材料的力学性能、介电性能、吸湿性能及界面黏结性能.结果表明,UHMWPE/PCH复合材料介电性能优异、力学性能好、耐湿热性能较佳、界面黏结性能好,可用作高性能透微波复合材料.     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维表面改性及其界面性能研究进展

超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维因具有高化学稳定性,高机械性能和低成本等优点而成为理想增强材料之一。然而,规整的非极性分子链结构致使UHMWPE纤维结晶度高、与树脂基体之间几乎无化学键合,本文因而与树脂的粘合性差。为此已经进行了许多纤维表面处理的工作,如紫外辐射、等离子体处理、聚合物涂层等。主要从湿法化学改性和干法化学改性这两方面入手,总结归纳了目前超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的界面改性研究现状,从物理和化学两个方面揭示界面增强机理以及界面性能与复合材料力学性能的关系,为超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的界面结构设计和改性提供科学理论依据和技术指导。     

铬酸氧化法改善超高分子量聚乙烯纤维表面粘接性能

以特定浓度铬酸氧化液对超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维进行表面氧化改性。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和力学性能测试分析比较了处理前后纤维的表面官能团变化、形貌结构、结晶性能和力学性能的变化,并采用微脱粘法和拉曼光谱法研究了纤维-树脂复合材料界面剪切强度及微观受力情况。结果表明,UHMWPE纤维经铬酸氧化处理后,纤维表面极性增加,粗糙程度变大;纤维表面处理的最佳条件为55℃、5min;拉曼光谱研究表明,改性后UHMWPE纤维-环氧树脂界面粘接性能较未改性纤维有明显增强。     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维产业现状与发展

宁波大成新材料股份有限公司(以下简称"宁波大成")成立于1985年,是首批"国家级创新型企业和国家高新技术企业",专业从事高科技纤维及高性能复合材料产品研究开发、生产经营的民营股份制企业。宁波大成创建以来,始终坚持以"科技兴企"为宗旨,持续推进自主创新和科研院校合作,相继实施国家级火炬计划8项、国家高技术研究发展计划     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的发展状况

介绍超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的结构性能,发展历程和现状.描述了纤维的生产工艺方法和用途,介绍了国内外主要生产厂商产品,以及国内外对超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的改性方法和应用.     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维现状的研究

介绍超高分子量聚乙烯纤维的结构特点,性能及加工方法。描述了纤维在各领域的应用,介绍了国内外生产厂家对超高分子量聚乙烯的改性方法和应用。并指出其今后的发展。     

电晕处理对超高分子量聚乙烯纤维表面性能的影响

对超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维表面进行了电晕处理,用XPS,FT-IR和SEM研究了处理前后纤维表面化学结构及物理结构的变化,通过单丝拔出试验和短梁剪切试验评价了UHMWPE纤维与树脂基体的微宏观界面粘接性能,结果表明：经电晕处理后,UHMWPE纤维表面含氧量增多,含氧基团数量与种类增加,表面浸润性得到改善,纤维与基体的界面粘结强度（Ts）提高幅度可达535％,短梁剪切强度TNOL提高了40％以上．     

A combined method of molecular dynamics with micromechanics improved by moving the molecular dynamics region successively in the simulation of elastic--plastic crack propagation

Molecular dynamics is applicable only for a small region of simulation. To simulate a large region it is necessary to combine molecular dynamics with continuum mechanics. Previously we proposed a new model in which molecular dynamics was combined with micromechanics. A molecular dynamics model was applied to the crack tip region and a micromechanics model to the surrounding region. In that model, however, crack propagation simulation must be stopped when the crack tip reaches the boundary of the two regions. In this paper the previous model is improved by moving the molecular dynamics region successively with crack propagation. The improved model may be applied to simulate limitless crack propagation. In order to examine the validity of the improved model, we simulate α-iron. The calculation cost with the improved model is less than a tenth of that of the previous model although the results are equal to each other. The crack tip opening displacement calculated with this model is almost equal to the analytical solution derived by Rice. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A weight function technique for partially closed inclined edge cracks analysis

The Green Functions, giving the Crack Opening Displacement components of an inclined edge crack under general loading conditions, were obtained starting from the matrix-like structure of the Weight Functions developed for determining the Stress Intensity Factors. The mathematical formulation of the problem is presented and the computational efficiency of the method is demonstrated by solving and discussing the non linear problem of a partially closed inclined edge crack under bending. By means of an iterative procedure, the closed portion of the crack is determined and the effects of normal and friction contact forces on the Crack Opening Displacement components and on the Stress Intensity Factors are discussed. The efficiency and the accuracy of this approach are assessed by comparison with Finite Element solutions.     

热喷涂零件界面裂纹扩展行为影响因素研究

热喷涂技术在提高构件寿命等方面得到了广泛应用,但界面裂纹的存在对零件寿命的影响尤其明显。本工作利用有限元法研究了残余应力、涂层厚度以及初始裂纹长度等因素对界面裂纹扩展的影响。研究结果表明:残余压应力的增加会导致临界载荷的降低,促使裂纹尖端应力相角增大,更易萌生界面裂纹;而残余拉应力的增加会导致临界载荷的升高,促使裂纹尖端应力相角降低,更易萌生垂直于界面的裂纹。此外,厚涂层易产生平行于界面的裂纹,以剪切失效为主导;薄涂层易产生垂直于界面的裂纹,以拉伸失效为主导。初始裂纹长度越长越易出现涂层与基体的剥离,导致涂层的失效。通过三点弯曲实验对不同初始长度的裂纹进行验证,实验结果与有限元模拟结果相近,验证了有限元模拟的正确性,为精确控制热喷涂零件界面的裂纹扩展提供了科学依据和理论基础。     

不同层数的超高分子量聚乙烯纬平针织复合材料冲击损伤

研究了不同层数超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维/环氧树脂纬平针织复合材料的冲击性能,并讨论了其冲击损伤模式。复合材料板分别为4、6、8层纬平针织结构,采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑(VARTM)工艺层合而成,以不同的冲击能量(10~55J)冲击复合材料板直至层合板被穿透,得到冲击能量与吸收能量关系图以及接触力-挠度曲线。分析了不同冲击能量下,复合材料中织物的损伤形式和破坏过程。研究结果表明:在3种针织结构复合材料中,8层纬平针织结构承受载荷的能力最强,6层纬平针织结构次之,4层纬平针织结构最差;随着冲击能量的增加,3种试样的冲击挠度均增大;基体开裂、纤维断裂是试样被渗透时有效的损伤模式,基体和纤维断裂是试样被穿孔时有效的损伤模式。     

Extraction of singular stress fields using the axisymmetric single-fiber micromechanics model

The stress distributions near the points of singularity in a single-fiber micromechanics model as obtained by local asymptotic methods and global (numerical solutions to full-field boundary value problem) methods are described. While the numerical/analytical solutions (without special treatment of the singularity) can capture higher order terms and are sufficiently accurate away from points of singularity, the solutions are approximate in the neighborhood of the singularity due to the inherent assumptions (single-valued at the point of singularity) about the nature of the stress fields. The study focuses on a methodology for accurate determination of generalized stress intensity factors from the approximate methods of stress analysis with relatively coarse discretizations and without any special modeling of the singularity. The approach adopted entails the comparison of the angular distribution of the stress components at varying radial distances near the point of singularity and identifying a region in which the numerical/analytical solutions have the best ability to determine the stress intensity factor. Determination of the generalized stress intensity factors is illustrated for a penny-shaped crack in a homogeneous medium and for a crack in fiber terminating at the fiber-matrix interface (fiber-break problem).*Author for correspondence (E-mail: kpochira@stevens.edu)     

MJ系列碳纤维微观结构的剖析

利用SEM、XRD和Raman光谱研究了高强高模PAN基碳纤维M40J、M55J、M60J的表面形貌和微观结构参数.结果表明:3种纤维的表面均存在沟槽,说明其原丝可能均为湿法纺丝.但沟槽的深度与均匀性又有所不同.XRD结果显示:M40J的石墨化程度最低,M55J次之,M60J最高.Raman光谱数据显示,M40J的Rs、Rc、Rsc值均相对较大,M55J次之,M60J最小.说明M60J的表面和内部的石墨化程度均较高,但皮芯结构也最严重,这可能是导致其抗拉强度较低的原因之一.     

On the Mode I stress intensity factor for an external circular crack with fibre bridging

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of an external matrix crack located in a unidirectional fibre-reinforced elastic solid modelled as a transversely isotropic material. The presence of matrix cracking with fibre continuity introduces bridging action that has an influence on the stress intensity factors at the crack tip of the external crack. This paper presents a model for the bridged crack, where the fibre ligaments induce a constant displacement-dependent traction constraint over the external crack. This gives rise to a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind, which can be solved in an approximate fashion. We examine the specific problem where the bridged external circular crack is loaded by a doublet of concentrated forces. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the influence of the fibre–matrix modular ratio and the location of the loading on the bridged-crack opening mode stress intensity factor.     

The influence of sterilization technique and ageing on the structure and morphology of medical-grade ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene

The effects of four sterilization treatments (gamma radiation in nitrogen, electron-beam radiation, ethylene oxide gas, and no sterilization) on the structure and morphology of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were monitored as a function of ageing time in air for a period of 1.5 y. Characterization techniques employed include differential scanning calorimetry, density gradient column, transmission electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering. Ethylene oxide gas does not affect the structure of the polymer. Both forms of radiation lead to measurable alterations of the material's structure, including an increase in crystallinity, an increase in density, and the enhancement of lamellae crystalline stacking. Most changes in structure occur in the first few months with little differences observed upon subsequent ageing in air. The sharpness of the crystalline–amorphous boundaries decreases with time for irradiated UHMWPE and is believed to be linked to the oxidation of the polymer. © 1998 Chapman & Hall     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维/环氧复合材料的吸湿行为及吸湿应力分析

为了揭示超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的吸湿机制,利用ABAQUS有限元软件,建立二维模型,对此类复合材料的吸湿行为及吸湿应力进行研究。模拟计算了两种不同纤维分布模型内部的水分浓度场分布; 根据获得的水分浓度场,对两种模型随温度及时间变化的吸湿应力场进行了分析。结果表明: 水分在两种模型中的扩散都符合Fick扩散定律,纤维按正六边形分布模型比纤维随机分布模型更早达到吸湿平衡,但后者更符合实际情况,也与实验结果比较吻合; 长时间的吸湿会导致材料内部吸湿应力达到很高的水平(>60 MPa),温度越高,越早达到吸湿平衡,应力越大,最大的吸湿应力出现在纤维聚集最密集的基体区域,纤维随机分布模型的吸湿应力水平高于纤维按正六边形分布模型。     

A study of mechanisms of stress transfer in continuous- and discontinuous-fibre model composites by laser Raman spectroscopy

The micromechanics of stress transfer in single-fibre/epoxy-resin model composites has been investigated. Two specimen geometries are examined incorporating both continuous and discontinuous fibres in epoxy resin blocks. In both cases, the point-by-point strain in the fibre is measured from the fibre Raman spectrum and its strain dependence. The continuous-fibre model composites (CFMC) are subjected to incremental tensile loading and the fibre fragmentation process is continuously monitored. The short-fibre model composites (SFMC) are loaded incrementally to levels of stress of sufficient magnitude to cause interfacial failure and the fibre strain profiles are obtained at each level of applied stress.

In addition to fibre strain measurements, the interfacial shear stress distribution is derived at each increment of applied stress by means of a balance-of-forces argument. The effects of fibre surface treatment and fibre modulus on the strain transfer profile and the distribution of the interfacial shear stress along the fibre are examined. The importance of parameters such as fibre/matrix debonding and interphase yielding in the vicinity of fibre breaks or fibre ends is discussed.