基于第二抗热震因子的BNNTs/Si3N4复合材料抗热震性能评价

利用Kingery抗热震断裂理论构建了氮化硼纳米管（BNNTs）强韧化陶瓷复合材料的第二抗热震因子模型,通过真空热压烧结法制备了BNNTs质量分数分别为0.5wt%、1.0wt%、1.5wt%和2.0wt%的BNNTs/Si₃N₄复合材料,并采用预制裂纹法测试了复合材料的抗热震性能,测试结果证实了在平稳状态下模型的正确性。结果表明,BNNTs的存在使复合材料第二抗热震因子增大,抗热震性能提升。分布在晶界上的BNNTs起到裂纹钉扎、桥联和裂纹偏转作用,增加了裂纹扩展的阻力,从而有效提高了BNNTs/Si₃N₄复合材料抗热震断裂能力。     

反应烧结Si_3N_4的热震断裂行为

研究了四种 Si_3N_4材料的热震断裂行为。分析了材料的断裂参数(K_(1c)、γ(?) 和 σ(?))与抗热震参数之间的关系。无掺杂的 Si_3N_4-B_0的临界抗热震温差ΔT_c 为400℃左右,其热震裂纹以准静态的方式扩展。含 BN 的 Si_3N_4-B_1,Si_3N_4-B_2和 Si_3N_4-B_2材料的临界抗热震温差较高(ΔT_c=500℃),并在该温度点发生动态的裂纹扩展。当热震温差进一步提高,BN 含量较高的 Si_3N_4-B_2以及含有 BN 和 C 的 Si_3N_4-B_3在一定的温差增量范围内(ΔT_c′-ΔT_c=200℃)保持了裂纹的稳定;然后随着温差的继续扩大,其裂纹又逐步扩展。BN 含量较低的Si_3N_4-B_1则不同,其热震裂纹在作了动态扩展之后紧接着再逐步扩展。在实验的基础上阐明了 Si_3N_4材料的热震断裂行为是由抗热震参数控制的,而抗热震参数是断裂参数的函数。指出 Si_3N_4-B_2是适用于力学和热学环境下的结构材料,因其具有较高的抗热震参数和较小的热震强度衰减率。     

碳纤维增强TiC复合材料的抗热震性能

通过测量力学性能和热物理性能,研究了热压烧结碳纤维增强TiC复合材料（Cf/TiC,20vo%碳纤维）的抗热震性能。结果表明,碳纤维加入到TiC基体中,提高了复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性,降低了复合材料的弹性模量和热膨胀系数,进而使得复合材料的抗热震断裂参数R,抗热震损伤参数R^TV和裂纹稳定性参数RST都得以提高,复合材料热震残留强度在热震温差超过900℃后迅速下降。复合材料热扩散率的提高有利于抗热稳定性能的提高,复合材料增强机理是纤维承载。韧化机理是纤维桥联和纤维拔出。     

可加工Al2O3/BN纳米复合材料的抗热震性能

通过原位化学包覆工艺制备的可加工Al2O3/BN纳米复合材料,其抗热震性能明显优于Al2O3基体材料.热震温差△Tc从195℃提高到约395℃,抗热震损伤性能也得到相应的改善.高的抗热震断裂性能源于材料的弹性模量的大幅下降和保持了较高的强度;而优良的抗热震损伤性能则是因为具有弱层间结合的BN易产生大量的微裂纹,屏蔽了热弹性应变能,从而使热震裂纹趋向于准静态扩张.     

晶须及颗粒增韧氧化铝基陶瓷复合材料的抗热震性能

对Ａl2O3-SiCw和Ａl2O3-TiCp陶瓷基材料的抗热震笥能进行测试和分析,结果表明：Ａl2O3-SiCw和Ａl2O3-TiCp陶瓷在复合材料基体相比抗热震性能均有较大幅度的提高,其中,Al2O3-SiCw复合材料显示出更为优越的抗裂纹扩展能力与抗循环热震性能,材料增韧效果的差异是产生这一现象的主要原因。     

氧化铝基陶瓷复合材料的阻力曲线行为及其抗热震性能

采用压痕-弯曲强度法获得了Al₂O₃-SiC_W和Al₂O₃-TiC_P陶瓷基复合材料的裂纹扩展阻力曲线(R-曲线),并测试了材料的抗热震性能,分析了材料的阻力曲线行为与其抗热震性能之间的内在联系。结果表明:材料的阻力曲线行为与抗热震性之间存在明显的相关性。热震引起材料强度的下降幅度与其阻力曲线的陡峭程度及上升幅度有关。阻力曲线越陡峭,上升幅度越大,抗热震性也越好。其中Al₂O₃-SiC_W复合材料显示出更为优越的抗裂纹扩展能力与抗热震性能。扫描电镜观察及理论分析显示:晶须的拔出与桥联补强增韧机制是产生这一现象的主要原因。     

压痕-急冷法测定增韧氧化铝基陶瓷复合材料的抗热震性能

采用压痕-急冷法测试了Al2O3-SiCw，Al2O3-ZrO2和Al2O3-TiCp三种陶瓷基复合材料的抗热震性能，并与急冷强度法测试结果进行了对比分析。实验结果表明，两种方法之间存在一致性。三种陶瓷基复合材料与基体Al2O3相比抗热震性均有较大幅度的提高，其中Al2O3-SiCw复合材料显示出最为优越的抗裂纹扩展能力与抗循环热震性能。材料的增韧效果是产生这一现象的主要原因。压痕-急冷法与急冷强度法相比免去了热震后的强度测试，具有使用试样数目少，数据具有统计效应，可直接观测裂纹扩展等优点。     

压痕-急冷技术表征Co 包覆Al2O3/TiC 复合材料的抗热震性能

采用压痕-急冷技术测试了Al2O3／TiC（AT）和Co包覆Al2O3／TiC（ATC）两种复合材料的抗热震性能．实验结果表明，ATC复合材料的抗裂纹扩展能力与抗循环热震性能都优于AT，ATC的临界温差△正比AT高25℃．诸抗热震参数R、R^I、R^IV和Rst的计算结果也表明，ATC的抗热震断裂能力和抗热震损伤能力均高于AT．少量Co的添加，虽然对ATC复合材料的热物理参数改变很小，甚至可以忽略，但却大幅度提高了复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性，因而ATC具有较高的抗热震参数．ATC复合材料较好的抗热震性主要是其较高的抗弯强度及断裂韧性的贡献．     

SiC/BN层状陶瓷的抗热震性能研究

采用水中急冷法研究了SiC/BN层状陶瓷的抗热震性能,并同SiC块体陶瓷作比较.实验结果表明SiC/BN层状陶瓷的热震断裂临界温差ΔTc为300℃,略低于SiC块体陶瓷的抗热震断裂临界温差.当热震温差ΔT >ΔTc 时,SiC/BN层状陶瓷的热震剩余强度的下降趋势明显比块体陶瓷的下降趋势缓慢.这同热震断裂和热震损伤理论计算的热震参数R和R的结果相一致.这表明:与SiC块体陶瓷相比,SiC/BN层状陶瓷的热震裂纹形核阻力略有降低,但热震裂纹扩展阻力却大大提高.分析认为BN弱界面对裂纹的吸收和偏转是材料断裂能提高的主要原因,断裂能的提高有利于材料热震阻力的提高.     

NiCoCrAIY和NiCr粘接层抗热震性能的对比

为了提高GH907合金的抗高温和抗热腐蚀性能,利用低压等离子喷涂技术在其表面制备了NiCoCrAlY 粘接层和NiCr粘接层,并对2种粘接层的抗热震性能进行了研究.结果表明,NiCoCrAIY粘接层和NiCr粘接层经过10次热震后,表面都有裂纹产生,且NiCoCrAlY粘接层的裂纹较NiCr粘接层的粗大;在横截面上NiCr粘接层只有沿喷涂颗粒断裂的垂直裂纹,而NiCoCrAlY粘接层不仅有垂直裂纹,还存在沿界面扩展的横向裂纹;NiCr粘接层的抗热震性能相比NiCoCrAlY粘接层的更好一些.     

纯弯曲Sandwich 梁试样界面裂纹扩展的应变能释放率

纯弯曲的Sandwich 梁试样在评价界面断裂抗力方面有重要作用。利用能量的叠加原理和截面转换方法, 本文导出了纯弯曲Sandw ich 梁试样界面裂纹扩展应变能释放率的显式解, 并根据实验测得的界面裂纹扩展的临界载荷, 用其计算出了四点弯曲Si₃N₄/Al/Si₃N 4试样Si₃N₄/Al 扩散连接界面的断裂韧度。      

氮化硼纳米管增强氮化硅复合材料的裂纹扩展阻力行为

用氮化硼纳米管(BNNT)增强氮化硅(Si₃N₄)陶瓷制备了BNNT/Si₃N₄复合材料, 利用三点弯曲强度及单边切口梁(SENB)法测定了BNNT/Si₃N₄复合材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性。通过SEM观察了BNNT/Si₃N₄复合材料微观形貌。基于BNNT增强Si₃N₄陶瓷复合材料的裂纹扩展阻力计算公式, 构建了BNNT对Si₃N₄陶瓷裂纹屏蔽区的裂纹扩展阻力的数学模型。用该模型的计算结果与Si₃N₄陶瓷的裂纹扩展阻力进行了对比。结果表明: BNNT/Si₃N₄复合材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性明显高于Si₃N₄陶瓷, 说明BNNT对Si₃N₄陶瓷的裂纹扩展有阻力作用, 摩擦拔出是Si₃N₄陶瓷抗裂纹扩展能力提高的主要原因; BNNT对Si₃N₄陶瓷有明显的升值阻力曲线行为。通过有限元模拟裂纹尖端应力分布, 发现BNNT使Si₃N₄陶瓷裂纹尖端的最大应力转移到纳米管上, 而且BNNT降低了Si₃N₄陶瓷裂纹尖端的应力, 对Si₃N₄陶瓷尖端的裂纹有屏蔽作用, 从而提高了Si₃N₄陶瓷的裂纹扩展阻力。     

Thermal shock behavior of nano-sized SiC particulate reinforced AlON composites

Aluminum oxynitride (AlON) has been considered as a potential ceramic material for high-performance structural and advanced refractory applications. Thermal shock resistance is a major concern and an important performance index of high-temperature ceramics. While silicon carbide (SiC) particles have been proven to improve mechanical properties of AlON ceramic, the high-temperature thermal shock behavior was unknown. The aim of this investigation was to identify the thermal shock resistance and underlying mechanisms of AlON ceramic and 8 wt% SiC–AlON composites over a temperature range between 175 °C and 275 °C. The residual strength and Young's modulus after thermal shock decreased with increasing quenching temperature and thermal shock times due to large temperature gradients and thermal stresses caused by abrupt water-quenching. A linear relationship between the residual strength and thermal shock times was observed in both pure AlON and SiC–AlON composites. The addition of nano-sized SiC particles increased both residual strength and critical temperature from 200 °C in the monolithic AlON to 225 °C in the SiC–AlON composites due to the toughening effect, the lower coefficient of thermal expansion and higher thermal conductivity of SiC. The enhancement of the thermal shock resistance in the SiC–AlON composites was directly related to the change of fracture mode from intergranular cracking along with cleavage-type fracture in the AlON to a rougher fracture surface with ridge-like characteristics, crack deflection, and crack branching in the SiC–AlON composites.     

Mechanical Properties and Thermal Shock Resistance Analysis of BNNT/Si<Subscript>3</Subscript>N<Subscript>4</Subscript> Composites

BNNT/Si₃N₄ ceramic composites with different weight amount of BNNT fabricated by hot isostatic pressing were introduced. The mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of the composites were investigated. The results showed that BNNT-added ceramic composites have a finer and more uniform microstructure than that of BNNT-free Si₃N₄ ceramic because of the retarding effect of BNNT on Si₃N₄ grain growth. The addition of 1.5 wt.% BNNT results in simultaneous increase in flexural strength, fracture toughness, and thermal shock resistance. The analysis of the results indicates that BNNT brings many thermal transport channels in the microstructure, increasing the efficiency of thermal transport, therefore results in increase of thermal shock resistance. In addition, BNNT improves the residual flexural strength of composites by crack deflection, bridging, branching and pinning, which increase the crack propagation resistance.     

Influence of cobalt phase on thermal shock resistance of Al2O3-TiC composites evaluated by indentation technique

Cobalt-coated Al₂O₃ and TiC powders were prepared using an electroless method to improve resistance to thermal shock. The mixture of cobalt-coated Al₂O₃ and TiC powders (about 70 wt.% Al₂O₃-Co + 30 wt.% TiC-Co) was hot-pressed into an Al₂O₃-TiC-Co composite. The thermal shock properties of the composite were evaluated by indentation technique and compared with the traditional Al₂O₃-TiC composite. The composites containing 3.96 vol.% cobalt exhibited better resistance to crack propagation, cyclic thermal shock and higher critical temperature difference (ΔT_c). The calculation of thermal shock resistance parameters (R parameters) shows that the incorporation of cobalt improves the resistance to thermal shock fracture and thermal shock damage. The thermal physic parameters are changed very little but the flexure strength and fracture toughness of the composites are improved greatly by introducing cobalt into Al₂O₃-TiC (AT) composites. The better thermal shock resistance of the composites should be attributed to the higher flexure strength and fracture toughness.     

稀释剂量对反应烧结Si_3N_4陶瓷结构和性能的影响

以工业Si粉为原料,α-Si3N4粉为稀释剂,聚乙烯醇为粘结剂,采用反应烧结工艺制备了Si3N4陶瓷。研究了稀释剂量对反应烧结Si3N4陶瓷的体积密度、开气孔率、相组成、微结构、弯曲强度和抗热震性的影响。结果表明,随稀释剂量的增加,Si3N4陶瓷的体积密度从2.27g/cm3降至2.04g/cm3,开气孔率从23%升至33.8%。Si3N4陶瓷由α-Si3N4、β-Si3N4和少量单质Si组成。Si3N4主要以针状晶形式存在,残留Si呈不规则块体。随着稀释剂量的增加,4组Si3N4陶瓷的三点抗弯强度分别为119MPa、112MPa、146MPa和113MPa;经50次800℃至室温空冷热震后,其强度保持率分别为81.5%、90.2%、87%和88.5%,表现出较好的抗热震性。     

Effect of NiCrAlY platelets inclusion on the mechanical and thermal shock properties of glass matrix composites

NiCrAlY platelets modified glass matrix composites were prepared. Their microstructures were characterized, their Young's modulus, fracture strength in bending, Vickers hardness, and indentation toughness were measured, and their thermal shock resistance was studied using quenching-strength and indentation-quench methods. With increasing NiCrAlY content, evident enhancements of the Young's modulus and indentation toughness were obtained. The NiCrAlY alloy inclusion could exert significant influences on the retained bending strength of the samples after quench tests, from 9.6 MPa for NiCrAlY-free glass to 32.0 MPa for 30 wt.% NiCrAlY-containing composites. The indentation-quench tests showed that NiCrAlY alloy inclusion elevated the critical quenching temperatures for propagation of pre-crack, from 150 °C for NiCrAlY-free glass to 225 °C for 30 wt.% NiCrAlY-containing composites. Inclusion debonding and intersection, crack deflection and bridging were observed, and are likely the micromechanisms accounted for the improvement of fracture resistance.     

Si_3N_4基陶瓷裂纹扩展过程的动态观察

Ｓｉ_３Ｎ_４基陶瓷裂纹扩展过程的动态观察倪国年，孙克淋，罗相成（北京理工大学）摘要＊发展了适用于Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷及其复合材料的裂纹扩展动态观察方法．利用缺口梁两端的限制性载荷，控制三点弯曲时裂纹的扩展速度，从而获得关于其过程的信息．对于热压烧结的Ｓｉ３...     

高温等静压烧结碳化硅基复相陶瓷的强化与增韧

本文通过Si₃N₄、TiC及SiC晶须补强SiC基复相陶瓷的高温等静压烧结,研究了复相陶瓷的显微结构与力学性能,探讨了晶须及第二相颗粒对复相陶瓷的强化与增韧机理．结果表明,不同的补强颗粒及晶须在基体中的作用也不同,Si₃N₄的引入将在基体与第二相颗粒之间产生径向压应力,阻碍裂纹的扩展,TiC的引入将在基体与第二相颗粒之间产生径向张应力,诱导裂纹的偏转;SiC晶须的引入也将产生阻碍裂纹扩展的机制,从而达到SiC基复相陶瓷强化与增韧,改善其力学性能．