基于一种新修正偶应力理论的平面正交各向异性功能梯度梁静弯曲模型及尺度效应

基于一种新修正偶应力理论建立了微尺度平面正交各向异性功能梯度梁模型。模型中包含两个材料尺度参数,因此能够分别描述在两个正交方向上由尺度效应带来的不同大小弯曲刚度增强。基于最小势能原理推导了平衡方程和边界条件,并以自由端受集中载荷作用的悬臂梁为例给出了弯曲问题的解析解。该梁模型的控制方程以及解的形式和经典梁模型是一致的,只是在刚度项中增加了一项和尺度效应有关的项。算例结果表明:采用本文模型所预测的梁挠度总是小于经典理论的结果,即捕捉到了尺度效应。尺度效应会随着梁几何尺寸的减小而增大,并在梁的几何尺寸远大于尺度参数时逐渐消失。     

正交各向异性功能梯度材料平板振动分析

基于一阶剪切理论,研究四边简支正交各向异性功能梯度材料(FGM)板的自由振动和受迫振动。假设剪应力沿厚度方向呈抛物线分布,利用剪切应变能与剪切余能相等原理,得到正交各向异性功能梯度平板的剪切修正系数。利用虚位移原理得到功能梯度平板运动方程,并采用Navier方法对运动方程进行求解。通过与有关文献及有限元计算结果对比,验证该方法的正确性。在此基础上,分析厚度方向上由纤维和基体按照不同体积梯度分布的三种(P-,S-,C-FGM)平板的固有振动和受激振动特性,结果表明纤维体积分数变化区间越大,梯度型式及梯度指数对其振动特性影响越显著;纤维体积分数关于平板中面反对称分布(S-FGM)时,平板振动特性受梯度指数影响较小。     

基于正弦剪切变形理论的功能梯度材料三明治微梁的静动态特性

基于修正的偶应力理论和正弦剪切变形梁理论,研究了功能梯度材料三明治微梁的静态弯曲和自由振动行为。考虑两种不同类型的功能梯度材料三明治微梁,根据哈密顿变分原理建立其静动态力学行为的控制方程,应用Navier解法,得到了简支边界条件下弯曲变形和振动频率的解析解,同时,给出了固支等边界条件时的里兹法求解过程。数值算例表明,功能梯度三明治微梁的静动态力学行为具有明显的尺度效应,微梁的无量纲厚度、功能梯度指数、长厚比和结构形式等因素对其静动态响应有很大影响,相关结果和规律对功能梯度材料三明治微梁的结构设计和性能优化等实际工程应用具有一定的指导意义。      

基于新修正偶应力理论的Mindlin层合板自由振动分析

该文基于各向异性修正偶应力理论建立一个Mindlin层合板（跨厚比10~20的中厚板）自由振动模型。该理论偶应力曲率张量不对称,但偶应力弯矩对称。利用Hamilton原理推导振动微分方程和边界条件。新模型可退化为修正偶应力层合薄板振动模型和经典Mindlin层合板振动模型。以正交铺设简支方板为例计算了偶应力模型的自振频率,分析偶应力Mindlin层合板的自由振动尺度效应。算例表明,该文建立的新修正偶应力层合板模型能够用于分析细观尺度下Mindlin层合板的自由振动及尺度效应。     

碳纳米管增强型功能梯度板的屈曲预测

基于一种新的修正偶应力理论,建立了碳纳米管（CNTs）增强型功能梯度板（CNTs/FGP）的屈曲模型。基于最小势能原理和一阶剪切变形理论,推导了该种板模型的平衡微分方程和相应的边界条件,并以四边简支方板的屈曲问题为例,讨论了材料尺度参数、CNTs的体积分数及4种不同CNTs分布形式对CNTs/FGP临界屈曲载荷的影响。结果表明：采用本文模型预测的CNTs/FGP的临界屈曲载荷总是大于传统宏观理论的预测结果,两种理论结果间的差距随着板几何尺寸的减小而逐渐增大;CNTs体积分数的少量增加,即可使板的临界屈曲载荷有明显的提升;CNTs的不同分布形式对临界屈曲载荷有显著的影响,在工程设计中应予以关注。     

基于高阶剪切变形理论的功能梯度板自由振动分析简化模型

基于高阶剪切变形理论提出了一种功能梯度板自由振动分析的简化模型,该简化模型最显著的特点是适用于功能梯度板的振动分析,且不需要剪切修正。相比于其他具有更多未知变量的剪切变形理论,本文提出的简化模型只包含一个控制方程,极大地减少了计算量。基于该简化模型研究了功能梯度矩形板在简支边界条件下的自由振动,并与其他已有文献进行了比较。结果表明,本文提出的简化模型在分析功能梯度板的自由振动行为时简单且精确。此外,文中还通过多个数值算例分析讨论了不同的梯度指数、长宽比和边厚比对功能梯度板自由振动行为的影响。     

横观各向同性功能梯度材料矩形板的自由振动

考察了沿厚度方向材料和为非均匀的功能梯度横观各向同性矩形板的自由振动。通过引入两个位移函数和两个应力函数导出了两个独立的变系数状态方程,进一步利用分层反似理论,将变系数状态方程为常纱数状态方程并求解,发现存在两类的自由振动形式：第一类对应纯板内振动,第二类对应一般的弯曲振动。给出了数值结果,讨论了材料梯度指标对固有频率的影响。     

Winkler地基上功能梯度材料矩形厚板的自由振动

直接从三维弹性力学方程基本出发,利用状态空间法并结合层合模型,分析了Winkler地基上具有横观各向异性的功能梯度矩形厚板的自由振动问题,得出了两类独立的自由振动形式。给出了数值例子,并讨论了材料梯度指标的影响。     

基于等几何有限元法的功能梯度板自由振动分析

基于一阶剪切变形板理论,建立了分析金属-陶瓷功能梯度板自由振动问题的非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)等几何有限元格式。功能梯度板材料属性沿厚度方向呈梯度连续变化。采用等几何有限元法,讨论了梯度指数、边界条件及长厚比对四种典型功能梯度材料(Al/Al2O3、Al/ZrO2、Ti-6Al-4V/Aluminum oxide和SUS304/Si3N4)板自振频率的影响。数值算例表明,等几何有限元法具有高精度和高收敛率优点,能有效求解功能梯度板的动响应。     

功能梯度材料Timoshenko型剪切梁的自由振动分析

基于Timoshenko梁理论,研究各向异性功能梯度材料梁的自由振动。假设材料参数沿梁厚度方向按同一函数规律变化,建立了功能梯度材料梁的振动方程,求得简支条件下其自振频率表达式。通过算例,给出指数函数梯度变化Timoshenko梁的自振频率和模态图,结果表明不同梯度变化对材料结构动力响应有较大影响。该方法为发展功能梯度材料梁的设计与数值计算提供了理论依据。     

Thermal environmental effects on free vibration of functionally graded isosceles triangular microplates

The free vibration of the functionally graded isosceles triangular microplates in thermal environments is investigated. The modified strain gradient theory together with the first-order shear deformation theory of plates is adopted to formulate the problem. The material properties are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction. The Chebyshev–Ritz method is chosen as the solution procedure. After demonstrating the fast rate of convergence and accuracy of the method, the effects of temperature rise, length scale parameters, material gradient index, different boundary conditions, apex angle, and width-to-thickness ratio on the free vibration of triangular microplates are studied.     

Torsional statics of two-dimensionally functionally graded microtubes

A size-dependent governing equation is derived to investigate the torsional static behaviors of two-dimensionally functionally graded microtubes based on the modified couple stress theory. The shear modulus is assumed to vary along the tube’s length direction according to an exponential distribute function, and varies along the tube’s radius direction according to a power-law function. A generalized differential quadrature method is developed to determine the rotational angle and shear stresses. Some illustrative examples are given to investigate the effects of applied torques, the length scale parameter and various material compositions on the torsional angle and shear stresses.     

Nonlinear free vibration of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite beams

This paper investigates the nonlinear free vibration of functionally graded nanocomposite beams reinforced by single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) based on Timoshenko beam theory and von Kármán geometric nonlinearity. The material properties of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composites (FG-CNTRCs) are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction and estimated though the rule of mixture. The Ritz method is employed to derive the governing eigenvalue equation which is then solved by a direct iterative method to obtain the nonlinear vibration frequencies of FG-CNTRC beams with different end supports. A detailed parametric study is conducted to study the influences of nanotube volume fraction, vibration amplitude, slenderness ratio and end supports on the nonlinear free vibration characteristics of FG-CNTRC beams. The results for uniformly distributed carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (UD-CNTRC) beams are also provided for comparison. Numerical results are presented in both tabular and graphical forms to investigate the effects of nanotube volume fraction, vibration amplitude, slenderness ratio, end supports and CNT distribution on the nonlinear free vibration characteristics of FG-CNTRC beams.     

Thermal fracture analysis of a functionally graded orthotropic strip with a crack

This paper is concerned with the thermal fracture problem of a functionally graded orthotropic strip, where the crack is situated parallel to the free edges. All the material properties are assumed to be dependent only on the coordinate y (perpendicular to the crack surfaces). By using Fourier transform, the thermoelastic problem is reduced to those that involve a system of singular integral equations. Numerical results are presented to show the effects of the crack position and the material distribution on the thermal stress intensity factors.     

基于一阶剪切变形理论的功能梯度球环振动特性

提出一种半解析法分析了一般边界条件下中等厚度功能梯度球环结构的自由振动特性。基于一阶剪切变形理论推导了中等厚度功能梯度球环结构公式,其中位移函数用改进傅里叶级数表示以消除边界的不连续性,并利用弹簧参数法来模拟一般边界条件;利用里兹法求解得到功能梯度球环结构的固有频率;在收敛性分析的基础上,将本文结果与有限元法、试验数据和文献数据进行了对比,并探讨相关参数的影响。研究表明,本文提出的方法收敛性好,求解精度高;功能梯度球环结构频率参数随厚度和剪切修正系数的增大而增大。     

Geometrically nonlinear static and free vibration analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric plates

In this paper, nonlinear static and free vibration analysis of functionally graded piezoelectric plates has been carried out using finite element method under different sets of mechanical and electrical loadings. The plate with functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) is assumed to be graded through the thickness by a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. Only the geometrical nonlinearity has been taken into account and electric potential is assumed to be quadratic across the FGPM plate thickness. The governing equations are obtained using potential energy and Hamilton’s principle that includes elastic and piezoelectric effects. The finite element model is derived based on constitutive equation of piezoelectric material accounting for coupling between elasticity and electric effect using higher order plate elements. The present finite element is modeled with displacement components and electric potential as nodal degrees of freedom. Results are presented for two constituent FGPM plate under different mechanical boundary conditions. Numerical results for PZT-4/PZT-5H plate are given in dimensionless graphical forms. Effects of material composition and boundary conditions on nonlinear response are also studied. The numerical results obtained by the present model are in good agreement with the available solutions reported in the literature.     

Bending-stretching analysis of thick functionally graded micro-plates using higher-order shear and normal deformable plate theory

In the present article, higher-order shear and normal deformable plate theory together with modified couple stress theory are developed to study the bending analysis of thick functionally graded rectangular micro-plates. One material length scale parameter is used for capturing the size effects. Utilizing the variational approach and also a principle of virtual displacement, a new form of equilibrium equations and the corresponding boundary conditions are derived. It is assumed that material properties vary through the thickness according to the power law function. Finally, an analytical solution for the bending problem of a simply supported FG rectangular micro-plate is presented.