SURFACE STATE AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF ACTIVATED AMORPHOUS Fe_(80)Zr_(12)B_8 ALLOY

The depth profile of composition,chemical state of elements and morphology of as-received and activated amorphous Fe_(80)Zr_(12)B_8 alloy ribbons have been studied by meansof Auger electron spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning Augermicroprobe combined with Ar ion bombardment.Both dull and free sides of the as-received ribbons were covered with an iron oxide layer.While a pronounced surfacesegregation and oxidation of B and precipitation of microcrystalline α-Fe particleswere observed on both sides of activated ribbons,B and Zr were oxidized selectivelyin subsurface layer.On both sides of ribbons,a porous surface structure formed. TheBET surface area was measured to be increasing from 0.11 to 2.68 m~2/g.The principalmechanism of in situ activation has been discussed.     

快淬Fe_(85)Ga_(15)合金的显微组织和磁致伸缩性能

采用熔体快淬方法制备了不同辊速(v=12m/s、15m/s、20m/s)条件下的Fe_(85)Ga_(15)合金薄带样品,对薄带样品的组织结构和磁致伸缩性能进行了研究.结果表明,合金薄带的组织结构和磁致伸缩性能与快淬时的冷却速度密切相关,v=20m/s辊速条件下制备的薄带在磁场为45kA/m时,其磁致伸缩系数λ达-125×10~6,伸缩曲线尚未完全饱和.对薄带组织形貌的观察表明,薄带样品内晶粒沿薄带厚度方向呈现出取向性排列.XRD分析表明,辊速的提高可以抑制有序DO_3相的析出,α-Fe相和非对称DO_3结构的Fe_3Ga相衍射峰发生重叠并有劈裂现象.TEM分析表明,合金基体中存在着富Ga原子团簇.薄带样品大的磁致伸缩系数主要来源于样品强的形状各向异性和非平衡制备条件下合金内部的特殊晶体结构.     

快速凝固Cu_(71)Cr_(29)合金的显微组织及性能

研究了氩气保护熔炼和单辊旋铸Cu_(71)Cr_(29)合金的显微组织和性能.结果表明,氩气保护熔炼Cu_(71)Cr_(29)合金的显微组织主要以初生的富Cr枝晶形式存在于Cu基体中,而单辊旋铸Cu_(71)Cr_(29)合金的显微组织呈现出球状富Cr相,且富Cr球的大小随着条带厚度的变化而变化,靠近自由面的富Cr球直径比接触面要大,分析表明合金快速凝固过程中发生了亚稳态的液相分离.与氩气保护熔炼Cu_(71)Cr_(29)合金相比,单辊旋铸Cu_(71)Cr_(29)合金的显微硬度增加了100%,主要是由于固溶度增加和晶粒细小的缘故.     

Mg_(80)Cu_(15)Y_5合金的非晶形成能力及晶化行为

采用单辊快速凝同法制备出厚约40μm的Mg_(80)Cu_(15)Y_5非品合金薄带,利用XRD、DSC、TEM和HRTEM研究了非品合金的非品形成能力和晶化行为,分析了品化对合金组织结构与性能的影响.结果表明:Mg_(80)Cu_(15)Y_5合金的过冷液态温度区间△T_x和约化玻璃转变温度T_(rg)分别为55K和0.58,表明其具有较强的非晶形成能力;该合金在退火温度高于473 K后发牛明显晶化,从非品基体中析出 Mg_2Cu、Cu_2Y和Mg晶体相;随着退火温度的升高,合金的硬度呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势,这与纳米品体相颗粒的弥散析出、重溶及粗化有关.     

Nd_(8.5)Fe_(77.6)B_(6.4)Co_4Zr_3Cu_(0.5)纳米复合永磁材料研究

研究了Nd8.5Fe77.6B6.4Co4Zr3Cu0.5合金晶化处理后的微观结构.研究发现,该合金15 m/s淬态薄带只存在一个较宽的晶化峰,其晶化后的晶粒尺寸均匀性较差,晶化相中存在少量Fe77.2Nd22.8相,削弱了晶粒间的交换耦合作用.三维原子探针分析表明,Cu几乎不固溶于α-Fe,和Zr元素共同富集于Fe77.2Nd22.8相区.这些相的存在,使得合金的剩余磁化强度和磁滞回线的方形度降低,进而降低了合金的综合磁性能.     

PHASE COMPONENT AND CURIE TEMPERATURE OF Nd_4(Fe_(1-x)Cr_x)_(77.5)B_(18.5)ALLOYS

1.IntroductionThenewhard-magneticNdFeBall0yswithlowNdc0ncentration(35at.%)havebeenobtainedbycrystallization0fam0rphous.ibbo.sI1-3].Theirmagneticpr0pertiesatr0omtemperatureareasfollows:coercivityHc=16O-24OkA/m,remanenceB,=1'2-1.25T,andmagneticenergy(BH).ax=64108kJ/m'.ThevaluesofB.and(BH).axaremuchhigherthanth0se0fthewidelyusedanis0tropic(Ba,Sr)Fe12Ol9ferritesandAlNiC0alloys.Inpreyi0uspapers['-'1,wehavereportedthestructuralandmagneticpr0perties.Recentlywestudiedtheinfluenceofthesubstit…     

TRANSFORMATION OF Nd_(14)Fe_(73)Co_6B_7 ALLOY UNDER HYDROGEN TREATMENT

The phase constitution and variation of Nd_(14)Fe_(73)Co_6B_7 alloy after hydriding and subsequentdehydriding treatment at 770℃ have been investigated respectively by means of X-raydiffraction,SEM,TEM and magnetic measurement techniques.The original coarse,as castgrain structure,is dissolved into α-Fe,Nd hydride and Fe_2B mixture with average dimensionof 0.1 μm,during hydriding process,and subsequently the triphase mixture recombined intofinely unique Nd_2Fe_(14)B phase with dimension of 0.3 μm by desorbing the hydrogen.It wasfound that the Nd-rich phase distributed at the boundary of as-cast grain structure diffusedinto matrix Nd_2Fe_(14)B grain during hydriding.It remains during dehydriding and distributehomogeneously around some colonies composed of fine grains of Nd_2Fe_(14)B.     

On the causes of pitting in low carbon steel

Conclusions on the initiation and growth of pits are drawn from optical and electrooptical research of the starting points and well developed pits formed in alkaline solutions in low carbon steel. The pictures show that the first attack is closely connected with dislocations in the metal. After growth of the micro-pits, the different crystals planes are dissolved in accordance with their energy. Consequently, pits with square-and hexagonal shape which are bounded by (001) and (011) planes of the α-iron are created.     

Al_(80)Ni_6Y_8Co_4Cu_2 GLASS ALLOYS CONTAINING NANOSCALE PARTICLES BY ISOTHERMAL ANNEALING OR QUENCHING

1. IntroductionPartial nanocrystalline Al-rich glajssy alloys have attracted great attention as a newmaterial because their specific strength are much higher than that of the fully amorphousAl-rich alloys and the conventional crystalline Al-based alloy[1,2]. Kim et al.I2] and Chenet al.13] reported that the values of fracture strength are above 1000MPa for Al-rich alloyswith mixed structure of nanoscale or-Al particles embedded on the amorphous matrix afterpartial crystallization. However,…     

Crystallization behavior of melt—spun NdFeB permanent magnets

The crystallization behavior of melt-spun Nd8.5Fe78Co5Cu1Nb1B6.5 ribbons was investigated using dynamic differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and X-ray diffractometry(XRD).It was found that the as-spun ribbons crystallize in two steps:at first the Nd3Fe62B14 α-Fe phases are formed and subsequently Nd3Fe62B4 transformed to Nd2Fe14B and α-Fe upon heating above 680℃.The effective activation energy of two crystallization peaks are 332.0kJ/mol and 470.5kJ/mol,respectively,As the wheel speed increases,the magnetic properties of the magnet change obviously,When the wheel speed is 18m/s,the best magnetic properties of the magnet was obtained after the sample was annealed at 690℃ for 8 min:Br=0.74T,iHc=421.7kA/m,(BH)max=64.5kJ/m^3.     

电解液中Ce(NO_3)_3含量对ZAlSi12合金微弧氧化层特性的影响

研究Na2SiO3-NaOH体系电解液中Ce(NO3)3含量在0～0.20g/L范围内变化时对ZAlSi12合金表面微弧氧化陶瓷层组织和厚度的影响。采用SEM、XRD分析微弧氧化处理后陶瓷层的表面形貌和相组成。结果表明:随着Ce(NO3)3含量增加,陶瓷氧化层厚度逐渐增大,电解液中Ce(NO3)3加入量0.15g/L时可获得最大厚度为170μm的陶瓷层;电解液中加入Ce(NO3)3后,膜层仍主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成,但α-Al2O3相的相对含量增加。     

热处理对快速凝固ZK60镁合金薄带组织和硬度的影响

采用单辊甩带法制备了ZK60镁合金薄带,研究了不同条件热处理薄带的组织和显微硬度。结果表明,薄带由晶粒尺寸8μm的等轴α-Mg、球状β′2相和少量杆状β′1相组成;热处理温度300℃时,晶粒无长大;温度300℃时,晶粒显著长大。原始薄带显微硬度约为50HV,300℃×2h热处理后显微硬度值最大约为80HV;β′1和β′2相的弥散强化作用是薄带硬度提高的内在原因。     

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES AND CRYSTALLIZATION OF RAPIDLY QUENCHED(Fe_(1-x)Ga_x)_(77.5)Nd_4B_(18.5) ALLOYS

The Curie temperature increases but crystallization temperature decreases with the in-crease of Ga content,x,of amorphous(Fe_(1-x)Ga_x)_(77.5)Nd_4B_(18.5) alloys.The averagemagnetic moment of Fe atoms is almost a constant.By X-ray diffraction and ther-momagnetic measurements,the crystalline phases of the alloys,an unknown phase andα-(Fe,Ga)besides Fe_3 B as major one,were identified.The relationship between roomtemperature coercive field and Ga.content was also studied.     

Effects of quenching speed and Joule heating on the magnetic properties of Nd9Fe86B5 ribbons

1 IntroductionNanocomposite two-phase magnets are an im-portant type of permanent magnetic materials that have attracted much attention in recent years. Com-bining the high coercive force of the hard magnetic phase and the large saturation magnetization o…     

钛铁矿直接制备Ti(C,N)复合粉的组织与特性

以钛铁矿(FeTiO3)为原料,用碳热还原技术制备含Fe-Ti(C,N)复合粉。用酸浸工艺对复合粉进行分离提纯,并对其物相进行定性分析,对其化学组成进行定量分析,对其物理特性(如形貌、粒度、比表面积)进行测试。结果表明,Fe-Ti(C,N)复合粉主要由Ti(C,N)、α-Fe组成,其中Ti(C,N)占50.25%,α-Fe占44.08%,粉体呈不规则形状,粒度约为2~3μm,比表面积为2.39 m2.g-1。酸浸分离的Ti(C,N)粉体纯度为97%,其性能指标已达到商品粉的要求。     

添加B对LaFe11.5Si1.5快淬带残余α-Fe相以及磁热效应的影响

通过微观分析研究添加B对LaFe_(11.5)Si_(1.5)快淬带中α-Fe杂相的影响,并探讨LaFe_(11.5)Si_(1.5)B_x (x=0.5,0.7,1.0)化合物的磁相变和磁热效应.与LaFe_(11.5)Si_(1.5)比较, 加入B后快淬薄带的显微组织显著细化, 在较高B含量的快淬薄带中还得到了非晶态结构.经1000 ℃回火2～10 h后,快淬试样均结晶为立方NaZn_(13)型的La(Fe,Si)_(13)化合物结构.含B快淬薄带经过较短时间的热处理就能得到单相结构,而且残留的α-Fe含量显著降低.磁性能测试表明,随着B含量的增大,LaFe_(11.5)Si_(1.5)B_x (x=0.5,0.7,1.0)化合物的居里温度略有升高;当B含量较低时,化合物具有一级磁相变特征并表现出与LaFe_(11.5)Si_(1.5)化合物相同的巨大磁热效应.     

Corrosion-electrochemical behavior of nanostructured chromium oxide layers obtained by laser irradiation of unalloyed steel by short pulses

Laser short-pulse treatment of ultradispersed powdered chromium(III) oxide supported on the surface of steel 20 was used to obtain nanosize surface layers containing chromium and iron oxides dispersed in α- and γ-iron, as well as mixed oxides with a FeO · Cr₂O₃ spinel structure. Reduced metallic chromium is also found. Measurement of anodic potentiodynamic curves in neutral and weakly basic borate buffer solutions shows that the formed surface layers promote enhancement of corrosion stability of steel due to transition of the surface into a passive state.     

An Al–Si–Ti hierarchical metal–metal composite manufactured by co-spray forming

Spray forming with co-injection of a solid particulate phase to form a homogeneous distribution within the final spray formed billet has been studied as a new route to manufacturing metal–metal composites at large scale with negligible oxide. 12 wt%Ti particles were co-injected into an atomised Al alloy droplet spray and co-deposited to form a ∼300 kg billet at Peak Werkstoff GmbH, Germany. The microstructure comprised refined equiaxed α-Al grains (∼5 μm), spherical Si particles (∼1 μm) and uniformly distributed Ti particles (∼80 μm). Sections of the billet were extruded under a range of conditions into long strips 20 mm wide and 6 mm, 2.5 mm and 1 mm thickness. At high strains, the Ti particles were deformed into continuous fibres of a few microns in thickness. The large interfacial area between the fcc α-Al and hcp Ti inhibited dislocation motion and enhanced tensile properties. Accumulative roll bonding was then performed to higher total strains, while maintaining a constant cross-section, reducing the Ti fibres to sub-micron thickness. The fibres were studied by extraction after selective dissolution of the α-Al matrix. There was no interfacial reaction between α-Al and Ti or any measurable oxide formation.     

Effects of solidification rate and excessive Fe on phase formation and magnetoclaoric properties of LaFe11.6xSi1.4

The effects of solidification rate and excessive Fe on phase formation and magnetocaloric properties of LaFe_11.6xSi_1.4 (x=1.1, 1.2) were investigated by XRD, SEM and VSM measurements. The XRD results show that the amount of LaFeSi phase in the as-cast melt-spun ribbons prepared by a copper wheel at a speed of 10 m/s is less than that in the as-cast arc melting buttons with the same x values. The annealed melt-spun ribbons contain smaller amount of La(Fe, Si)₁₃ (1:13) phase than the corresponding annealed arc melting buttons. Although the melt-spun sample has finer crystalline grains of α-Fe, as indicated by SEM analysis, its crystalline size has not reached nano-scale. Therefore, the magnetic exchange-coupling between 1:13 phase and α-Fe phase has not been observed in melt-spun ribbons. Further, the maximum negative magnetic entropy change (-S_Max) and relative cooling power (RCP) of annealed melt-spun ribbons under a field change of 0-2 T are weaker than those of the corresponding annealed arc melting buttons.     

引晶法制备半固态A356铝合金浆料(英文)

开发一种半固态金属浆料制备技术,即引晶法,研究工艺参数对半固态A356铝合金浆料组织的影响,讨论球状初生α(Al)晶粒的形成机制和形貌控制。结果表明:当制备浆料为4kg、引晶尺寸为10mm、加入量为3.5%、倾倒温度为611-617°C时,半固态浆料中初生α(Al)晶粒的平均直径可达40-75μm,形状因子可达0.82-0.89。当引晶尺寸为10mm、倾倒温度为613°C、加入量为2%-4%时,初生α(Al)晶粒的平均直径可达45-82μm,形状因子可达0.78-0.88。倾倒温度的降低或者引晶加入量的适当增加,可以改善初生α(Al)晶粒的组织。当QR=QA、Rh=Rc时,只要倾倒温度适宜就可以制备优质半固态浆料。引晶熔化时产生的枝晶碎块是半固态浆料中初生α(Al)晶粒的直接来源,形成的温度过冷区也有利于异质形核。