基于神经网络和数据融合的红树林群落分类研究

及时准确地掌握红树林群落现状信息可为保护和修复红树林生态系统提供重要的决策依据。对红树林群落进行遥感分类在实际应用中具有较大的意义。但红树林各群落间的光谱差异很微弱,有必要采用多源遥感数据融合的方法来提高分类的精度。本文以珠海淇澳岛红树林区为例,使用SAR图像与TM图像,探讨了监督分类、非监督分类以及神经网络分类3种分类方法和IHS融合、小波融合以及主成分融合3种融合方法对红树林群落进行分类的效果。结果表明,对SAR与TM主成分融合图像应用神经网络分类方法能够取得最好的分类效果。     

TM和SAR遥感图像的不同层次融合分类比较

多传感器遥感图像为分类技术提供了更多的地物特征信息,有助于提高分类精度,增强计算机自动解译的能力,减少遥感图像的后处理时间。给出了ＴＭ 和ＳＡＲ遥感图像根据信息处理所在的不同层次融合分类特征的选取及分类方法,并从融合分类的精度和计算时间消耗上对哈尔滨市附近地区５１２×５１２ 大小的ＴＭ和ＪＥＲＳ１ 的ＳＡＲ图像的不同层次融合的分类进行比较,指出特征层融合是ＴＭ和ＳＡＲ遥感图像融合分类的最理想层次     

遥感图像森林类型小波纹理的SVM法分类

利用遥感图像对森林类型进行分类是大面积地调查、监测、分析森林资源的快速与经济的方法,但由于不同森林的光谱特征非常相近而较难准确分类。因此,在GPS数据和高分辨率遥感图像的支持下,对水源林Landsat TM遥感图像用窗口法获得阔叶林、针叶林和竹林样本图像,然后计算其小波分解后小波系数的l1范数纹理测度构成分类特征向量,利用支持向量基SVM进行分类。结果表明,利用SVM对图像中阔叶林、针叶林和竹林分类平均精度在80%以上,可较准确地识别森林类型,图像总体分类精度达到90.2%,Kappa系数0.77,均比利用小波纹理特征的神经网络法和最大似然法有所提高,森林分类错误产生的主要原因是混交林造成两类森林间存在交集。该方法可以较有效地提高遥感图像森林类型的分类精度。     

TM图像多层神经网络自动识别分类

以利用TM图像自动识别金华市婆城区土地利用为例，介绍了多层神经网络遥感模式识别方法的概念、特点及其在TM图像自动识别分类中的应用，并与最大似然法分类结果进行了比较。通过研究认为，无论在分类速度、精度、还是总体效果上看，神经网络分类都优于最大似然法分类。     

基于卷积神经网络的遥感图像分类研究

遥感图像分类是模式识别技术在遥感领域的具体应用,针对遥感图像处理中的分类问题,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络(convolutional neural networks,CNN)的遥感图像分类方法,并针对单源特征无法提供有效信息的问题,设计了一种多源多特征融合的方法,将遥感图像的光谱特征、纹理特征、空间结构特征等按空间维度以向量或矩阵的形式进行有效融合,以此训练CNN模型。实验表明,多源多特征相融合能够加快模型收敛速度,有效提高遥感图像的分类精度;与其他分类方法相比,CNN能够取得更高的分类精度,获得更优的分类效果。     

多特征融合的遥感图像分类

针对高分辨率遥感图像特点,提出了一种多特征融合的分类方法。该方法首先改进了原始的视觉词袋生成算法;然后,分别提取图像的视觉词袋局部特征、颜色直方图特征以及Gabor纹理特征;最后采用支持向量机进行分类,并对多特征分类结果进行自适应综合。采用一个具有2 100幅图像的大型遥感图像分类公共测试数据集进行分类实验,与仅用单一特征分类方法的最高分类精度相比,本文多特征融合的遥感影像分类方法总体平均分类精度提高了10%,表明本文提出方法是一种有效的高分辨率遥感图像分类方法     

图像融合效果评价方法研究

随着遥感技术的发展，遥感数据越来越丰富。通过遥感图像融合可以综合利用各种遥感数据的信息，提高遥感图像解译和自动分类的准确性。图像融合的方法很多，但缺乏对融合图像效果评价的方法来综合评价融合方法的效果。本文采用标准差、信息熵和清晰度等定量参数来评价融合效果并用自动分类的精度来验证。     

基于遥感的黄河三角洲地区盐碱地分布监测

借助遥感技术可以快速准确提取盐碱地分布信息,本文使用TM遥感影像,利用光谱分析和图像处理相结合的方法,参考地理数据,对黄河三角洲地区盐碱地的分布状况进行了遥感分析。通过最大似然分类及神经网络亚像元分类两种监督分类方法的分类精度比较后发现,后者分类精度得到有效提高,总体分类精度从80.8%上升到85.6%,对于盐碱地地类的分类精度提高到85.45%。最后,在此基础上给出了该地区盐碱地分布图。     

一种改进的遥感图像融合方法:LFF

通过遥感图像融合,可获得更丰富的信息,常用遥感图像融合方法如HIS彩色变换可将不同平台、不同光谱响应范围的高空间分辨率的遥感数据与多光谱遥感数据进行融合,但要求这两组数据的光谱响应范围一致,否则便会产生光谱扭曲的现象,从而影响了地物的识别。针对不同平台、不同光谱响应范围的遥感数据,该文在HSI变换的基础上,提出了一种改进的方法,即LFF融合法,首先对高几何分辨率的全色波段进行LoG滤波,而后将LoG滤波后的全色波段与多光谱经HSI正变换后的强度分量进行灰度直方图匹配,并替换之,经HSI逆变换便得到融合图像。论文从灰度变化指数和分类精度两方面分析了光谱保持性能和融合图像的分类精度,分析结果表明:LFF融合法的光谱保持性能优于HSI变换法,LFF融合后图像的分类精度高于HSI融合后的图像,LFF融合法是一种能较好地保持光谱特性的融合方法。     

遥感图像融合评价方法研究

如何准确地评价融合效果是图像融合的一个重要组成部分。在遥感图像的融合研究中,对同一对象,不同的融合方法可以得到不同的融合效果,即可以得到不同的融合图像。系统地研究了遥感图像融合中的各种评价指标,在对已有的评价指标进行总结和分析时,还提出一些新的评价指标,并按使用条件和使用用途对遥感图像融合效果评价方法进行分类。     

基于归一化相关矩的多分辨率遥感图象融合

多传感器数据融合技术已广泛应用于遥感图象处理方面 .针对遥感多光谱图象空间分辨率较低的问题 ,提出了一种基于归一化相关矩的多分辨率图象融合方法 .该方法首先对图象进行二维小波变换 ,然后根据所得到的高频小波系数的一阶、二阶统计特征来定义图象局部灰度相关矩 ,并以此作为图象融合测度来对遥感图象进行多分辨率特征融合 ,从而得到包含更多信息和有效特征的融合图象 .仿真结果表明 ,融合后的图象在保留多光谱信息和提高空间分辨率上均能获得较好的效果 ,因而可以更好地用于目标识别、分类等遥感图象处理方面     

面向亚像元级积雪信息提取的MODIS影像波段融合方法研究

MODIS影像因其共享性和时间序列的完整性而成为大区域积雪监测研究广泛使用的数据源,进行MODIS影像波段间融合,能够为积雪研究提供较高分辨率的影像数据源。为了充分利用MODIS影像250 m分辨率波段的空间和光谱信息,提取亚像元级的积雪面积,使用两种具有高光谱保真度的影像融合方法：基于SFIM变换和基于小波变换的融合方法,采取不同的波段组合策略,对MODIS影像bands 1~2和bands 3~7进行融合,并以Landsat TM影像的积雪分类图作为“真值”,对融合后影像进行混合像元分解得到的积雪丰度图的精度进行评价。结果表明：利用基于SFIM变换和小波变换方法融合后影像提取的积雪分类图精度较高,数量精度为75%,比未融合影像积雪分类图的精度提高了6%,表明MODIS影像波段融合是一种提取高精度积雪信息的有效方法。     

A performance evaluation of a burned area object-based classification model when applied to topographically and non-topographically corrected TM imagery

Operational use of remote sensing as a tool for post-fire Mediterranean forest management has been limited by problems of classification accuracy arising from confusion between burned and non-burned land, especially within shaded areas. Object-oriented image analysis has been developed to overcome the limitations and weaknesses of traditional image processing methods for feature extraction from high spatial resolution images. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of an object-based classification model developed for burned area mapping, when applied to topographically and non-topographically corrected Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery for a site on the Greek island of Thasos. The image was atmospherically and geometrically corrected before object-based classification. The results were compared with the forest perimeter map generated by the Forest Service. The accuracy assessment using an error matrix indicated that the removal of topographic effects from the image before applying the object-based classification model resulted in only slightly more accurate mapping of the burned area (1.16% increase in accuracy). It was concluded that topographic correction is not essential prior to object-based classification of a burned Mediterranean landscape using TM data.     

Sentinel-2 Satellite Image Fusion Methodand Quality Evaluation Analysis

Sentinel-2 satellite sensors acquire three kinds of optical remote sensing images with different spatial resolutions.How to improve the spatial resolution of lower spatial resolution bands by fusion method is one of the problems faced by Sentinel-2 applications.Taking the Sentinel\|2B image as the data source,a high spatial resolution band was generated or selected from the four 10m spatial resolution bands by four methods:the maximum correlation coefficient,the central wavelength nearest neighbor,the pixel maximum and the principal component analysis.We fused the one high spatial resolution band produced and six multispectral bands with 20 m spatial resolution by the five fusion methods of PCA,HPF,WT,GS and Pansharp to produce six multispectral bands with 10 m spatial resolution and the fusion results were evaluated from three aspects:qualitative and quantitative (information entropy,average gradient,spectral correlation coefficient,root mean square error and general image quality index) and classification accuracy of fused images.Results show that the fusion quality of Pansharp with the maximum correlation coefficient is better than other fusion methods,and the classification accuracy is slightly lower than the GS with the pixel maximum of the highest classification accuracy and far higher than the original four multispectral image with 10 m spatial resolution.According to the classification accuracy of experimental data,different fusion methods have different advantages in extraction of different ground objects.In application,appropriate schemes should be selected according to actual research needs.This research can provide reference for Sentinel-2 satellite and similar satellite data processing and application.     

Using MERIS fused images for land-cover mapping and vegetation status assessment in heterogeneous landscapes

In this paper we evaluate the potential of ENVISAT–Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) fused images for land-cover mapping and vegetation status assessment in heterogeneous landscapes. A series of MERIS fused images (15 spectral bands; 25 m pixel size) is created using the linear mixing model and a Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image acquired over the Netherlands. First, the fused images are classified to produce a map of the eight main land-cover types of the Netherlands. Subsequently, the maps are validated using the Dutch land-cover/land-use database as a reference. Then, the fused image with the highest overall classification accuracy is selected as the best fused image. Finally, the best fused image is used to compute three vegetation indices: the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and two indices specifically designed to monitor vegetation status using MERIS data: the MERIS terrestrial chlorophyll index (MTCI) and the MERIS global vegetation index (MGVI).

Results indicate that the selected data fusion approach is able to downscale MERIS data to a Landsat-like spatial resolution. The spectral information in the fused images originates fully from MERIS and is not influenced by the TM data. Classification results for the TM and for the best fused image are similar and, when comparing spectrally similar images (i.e. TM with no short-wave infrared bands), the results of the fused image outperform those of TM. With respect to the vegetation indices, a good correlation was found between the NDVI computed from TM and from the best fused image (in spite of the spectral differences between these two sensors). In addition, results show the potential of using MERIS vegetation indices computed from fused images to monitor individual fields. This is not possible using the original MERIS full resolution image. Therefore, we conclude that MERIS–TM fused images are very useful to map heterogeneous landscapes.     

结合像元形状特征分割的高分辨率影像面向对象分类

针对高分辨率遥感影像空间分辨率高,结构形状、纹理、细节信息丰富等特点,提出一种新的融合特征的面向对象影像分类方法来提取城市空间信息。基本过程包含以下4个方面:①提取影像的几何纹理等结构;②融合几何与纹理特征的面向对象影像分割;③提取对象的形状、纹理和光谱特征,并优选最佳特征子集;④最后基于支持向量机(SVM)完成面向对象的影像分类。通过对福州IKONOS影像数据实验,结果表明融入影像特征后的分割效果明显优于原始影像的分割结果,而信息最大化(mRMR)的特征选择能够快速地获得较好的特征子集。通过与eCognition最邻近分类方法比较,表明本文方法的分类总体精度大约提高了6%,效果显著。     

Remote-sensing imagery classification using multiple classification algorithm-based AdaBoost

AdaBoost demonstrates excellent performance in remote sensing (RS) image classification, but as it works on only one classification algorithm, the disadvantage of the classification algorithm itself is difficult to overcome, resulting in limitations in the improvement of classification accuracy. In this article, a modified AdaBoost, a multiple classification algorithm-based AdaBoost (MCA AdaBoost), is proposed to improve remote sensing image classification. The new method works on more than one classification algorithm and can make full use of the advantages of different learning algorithms. Based on a Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) image whose spatial resolution was enhanced to 15 m with a panchromatic band, a C4.5 decision tree, Naïve Bayes, and artificial neural network were used as objects to verify and compare the performance of both AdaBoost and MCA AdaBoost. The experimental results show that MCA AdaBoost successfully inherits the benefits of the original AdaBoost, combines the advantages of different classification algorithms and lowers overfitting. By increasing diversity and complementarity among base classifiers, MCA AdaBoost outperforms AdaBoost in terms of RS classification accuracy improvement.     

Classification-based mapping of trees in commercial orchards and natural forests

ABSTRACT

Hyperspectral remote sensing (RS) and images of various spatial resolution open new vistas for classification and mapping trees. These approaches would improve plant classification in a complex population of forest trees of diverse species, genera, and families, as well as monitoring commercial orchards. In this work, we used new RS indices for cellulose, lignin, wax, chlorophyll, carotenoid, and anthocyanin for plant species classification in natural forests and commercial orchards. For proof of concept, the indices were applied to the classification and mapping of various horticultural crop orchards, where error due to the spatial mixing of different trees is minimal. The classification accuracy of the maps varied between 65 and 82%. This wide range was a result of the following factors: The RS index used, the season, and the spatial resolution of the hyperspectral images. The classification quality was highest when the full set of RS indices was used. The effect of the wax index on accuracy was significant. Furthermore, seasonality played an important role in the classification; the target species were better resolved in spring than in the summer. The higher spatial resolution of the images does not necessarily yield better classification and mapping results; it appeared to be case-specific and greatly depended on the species/crop and the unique environment.     

深度学习对不同分辨率影像冬小麦识别的适用性研究

定量分析遥感影像尺度与分类精度之间的关系是进行土地覆盖分类的基础。深度学习具有从底层到高层特征非监督学习的能力,解决了传统分类模型中需要人工选择特征的问题。这种新型的分类方法的分类精度是否受到不同分辨率尺度影响,有待研究。利用深度卷积神经网络（Deep Convolutional Neural Network, DCNN）——金字塔场景分析网络（Pyramid Scene Parsing Network, PSPNet）进行4种分辨率（8、3.2、2和0.8 m）的米级、亚米级影像冬小麦分类。实验结果表明: PSPNet能够有效地进行大样本的学习训练,非监督提取出空间特征信息,实现“端—端”的冬小麦自动化分类。不同于传统分类器分类精度与分类尺度之间的关系,随着影像分辨率的逐步增高,地物表达特征越来越清晰,PSPNet识别的冬小麦精度会逐步增高,识别地块结果也越来越规整,不受分辨率尺度的影响。这对于选择甚高亚米级影像提高作物分类精度提供了实验基础。