纳米Al2O3对3Y-ZrO2陶瓷性能的影响

研究了纳米Al2O3添加剂对3Y—ZrO2陶瓷材料烧结和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明：添加纳米Al2O3（0．5mol％～2mol％）可以促进3Y—ZrO2的烧结，并提高材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性。在1450℃下烧成的添加0．5mol％纳米Al2O3的3Y—ZrO2具有最高的强度和韧性值，分别为620MPa和13．9MPa·m^1/2，比纯3Y-ZrO2的最高强度和韧性（1500℃烧成试样）分别提高了11％和16％。     

液相烧结氧化铝陶瓷及其烧结动力学分析

研究了CuO TiO2复相添加剂对Al2O3陶瓷烧结性能、显微结构的影响以及添加剂形成液相时Al2O3陶瓷的烧结动力学.结果显示:添加剂的加入明显地促进了Al2O3陶瓷的烧结致密度.添加剂含量对致密有明显影响,含量越高,烧结速率越快.当添加剂(CuO TiO2)为2%(质量分数),CuO/TiO2质量比为1/2时,Al2O3样品致密度最高.添加剂的存在使Al2O3晶粒发生较快生长,晶粒形貌为等轴状.通过等温烧结动力学,确定掺杂Al2O3陶瓷烧结激活能为25.2kJ/mol,表明可能是氧离子和铝离子在液相中的扩散作用控制了烧结过程.     

ZrO2—2mol%Y2O3陶瓷显微结构及性能的研究

本文采用X射线衍射分析、扫描及透射电镜技术研究了冷等静压成型的氧化钇部分稳定氧化锆(Y-PSZ)陶瓷制品的相组成、显微结构、机械性能及其与烧结工艺之间的关系。结果表明:采用冷等静压成型和超细的氧化锆粉末有利于提高制品的烧结密度和获得较理想的显微结构。得出了在细晶部分稳定氧化锆中存在适量的单斜相也能获得高硬度和高韧性的结论。1600℃烧结3h后随炉冷却的ZrO_2-2mol％Y_2O_3试样的维氏硬度达16.75GPa,断裂韧性高达17.56MPa·m~(1/2)。这被认为是细晶粒、高密度及微裂纹增韧、相变增韧共同作用的结果。     

添加助烧剂对Ba(Ti0.91Zr0.09)O3介电性能的影响

采用固相反应法制备了添加1wt％CuO—BaO混合物的Ba（Ti0.91Zr0.09）O3铁电陶瓷，借助XRD、SEM、Aglient；4284测试仪、ZT—I电滞回线测量仪，研究了预烧前和预烧后加入CuO—BaO混合物对Ba（Ti0.91Zr0.09）O3铁电陶瓷的烧结特性及介电性能的影响。结果表明：不论在预烧前和预烧后添加1wt％CuO—BaO混合物，均能有效降低Ba（Ti0.01Zr0.09）O3的烧结温度，但是在预烧前加入CuO—BaO混合物，室温介电常数高，损耗小，并且伴有介电弛豫现象，电滞回线呈现典型弛豫型铁电体的特征。     

V2O5对镍铁尖晶石烧结机理及性能的影响

为了提高镍铁尖晶石的性能,以NiO,Fe2O3和微量V2O5为原料,采用粉末冶金法制备了含有过量15%(以质量计,下同)NiO,掺杂V2O5的镍铁尖晶石惰性阳极。原料经混合、成型后,于1200℃烧结6h。研究了添加V2O5的NiFezot尖晶石样品的烧结机理、导电性、腐蚀性。结果表明：添加V2O5后样品的烧结为液相烧结;添加剂V2O5提高了惰性阳极样品的密度;尤为重要的是,添加V2O5后样品在冰晶石融盐中的抗腐蚀性明显改善。腐蚀10h后,添加1．5％V2O5的样品基本完好,腐蚀率降为无添加剂样品的1／80。但是添加1．5％V2O5后,样品的电导率有一定的降低。     

ZnO和CuO烧结助剂对KNN压电陶瓷性能的影响

以微波水热法制备的KNN粉体为原料,添加1mol%ZnO、1mol%CuO烧结助剂,采用传统电子陶瓷制备方法,研究了烧结助剂对KNN陶瓷的陶瓷体积密度、显微结构和电性能的影响,结果表明:添加烧结助剂ZnO和CuO可以降低KNN陶瓷的烧结温度,提高KNN陶瓷的体积密度;与此同时,ZnO和CuO添加后降低了KNN无铅压电陶瓷的压电常数d33、介电常数ε33T/ε0,但机械品质因数Qm得到很大的提高,介电损耗tanδ明显降低。其中CuO烧结助剂可以使KNN陶瓷的d33由142 pC/N降低至118 pC/N,Qm值由82提高至427,tanδ由2.46%降低至0.64%。     

低温烧结CuO-V_2O_5-Bi_2O_3掺杂Zn_3Nb_2O_8陶瓷的微波介电性能

研究了CuO–V2O5–Bi2O3作为烧结助剂对Zn3Nb2O8陶瓷的烧结特性、微观结构、相结构及微波介电性能的影响。CuO–V2O5–Bi2O3复合掺杂可以将Zn3Nb2O8陶瓷的烧结温度从1150℃降到900℃。在900℃烧结4h的Zn3Nb2O8–0.25%(质量分数,下同)CuO–1.5%V2O5–1.5%Bi2O3陶瓷的密度达到了理论密度的98.1%,相对介电常数为18.8,品质因数与谐振频率之积为39442GHz。该体系的介电性能和陶瓷的致密度与烧结助剂的含量及烧结温度密切相关,陶瓷的致密度和相对介电常数随CuO–V2O5–Bi2O3烧结助剂含量的增加而增加,同样陶瓷的致密度和相对介电常数也随烧结温度的升高而提高。     

氧化锆-钼金属陶瓷抗钢液及熔渣侵蚀性能

选择纯单斜氧化锆(m-ZrO2)、含3%(mol) Y2O3部分稳定氧化锆(3Y-PSZ)和含12%(mol) CeO2部分稳定氧化锆(12Ce-PSZ),添加30%(j)金属Mo,采用粉末冶金方法制备了相对密度大于95%的致密金属陶瓷试样,将金属陶瓷于1600℃下在IF钢液和Al2O3-CaO-MgO预熔渣中静态侵蚀4 h. 结果表明,金属陶瓷在不同介质中的侵蚀行为与陶瓷基体相关,纯m-ZrO2基体金属陶瓷抗钢液侵蚀性能较好,3Y-PSZ基体金属陶瓷抗熔渣侵蚀性能较好. 钢液对金属陶瓷的侵蚀主要是形成铁钼金属间化合物,熔渣的侵蚀主要是陶瓷基体与渣中CaO反应生成CaZrO3.     

Ca（0.2）（Li（1/2）Sm（1/2））（0.8）TiO3微波介质陶瓷低温烧结研究

以Ca0.2(Li1/2Sm1/2)0.8TiO3(CLST-0.8)为基料,添加质量分数10%的CaO-B2O3-SiO2(CBS)复合氧化物、4%的Li2O-B2O3-SiO2-CaO-Al2O3(LBSCA)玻璃料和0～2%的CuO氧化物为复合烧结助剂,研究了CuO含量的变化对CLST-0.8陶瓷的低温烧结行为及微波介电性能的影响.随着CuO添加量的增加,陶瓷体积密度、介电常数εr、无载品质因数与谐振频率乘积Qf值,都呈先增加后降低,谐振频率温度系数τf则呈先降低后升高的趋势.添加10%CBS、4.0%LBSCA和1.0%CuO的CLST-0.8微波介质陶瓷,可在900℃下保温5h烧结,并具有较佳的微波介电性能:εr=58.36,Qf=2011GHz, τf=3.44 ppm/℃.     

烧结助剂CuO掺杂对0.97(K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))NbO_3–0.03Bi(Zn_(2/3)Nb_(1/3))O_3陶瓷相结构、微观形貌及电性能的影响

采用传统固相法制备了0.97(K_(0.5)Na_(0.5))NbO_3–0.03Bi(Zn_(2/3)Nb_(1/3))O_3+x CuO(KNN–3BZN–x Cu)陶瓷,探讨烧结助剂CuO对陶瓷烧结,相结构,微观形貌及电性能的影响规律。结果表明:添加CuO降低了KNN–3BZN–x Cu陶瓷的烧结温度。由于固液传质作用,陶瓷晶粒明显长大,形状发生了改变。添加CuO同时优化了陶瓷的介电性能,提高了弛豫性。KNN–3BZN–0.02Cu陶瓷在150~300℃温度范围内具有优异的电性能:介电常数εr=1 886,容温变化率–15%≤ΔC/C150℃≤15%,介电损耗tgδ0.029。同时由于体积密度大,KNN–3BZN–0.02Cu陶瓷具有较高的压电性能:d33=164 p C/N和kp=0.37。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。