纳米生物技术研究进展

概括介绍当前纳米生物技术应用进展及纳米生物技术的几个热点,展望了纳米生物技术研究的方向.     

纳米复合材料研究进展

综述了无机纳米复合材料、有机 /无机纳米复合材料、聚合物 /聚合物纳米复合材料的制备 ,新进展及应用。     

纳米结构材料

本文从微观结构、制备方法、性能及应用等方面介绍了纳米结构材料,特别是纳米陶瓷材料,并总结了纳米结构材料当前研究的特点及发展趋势.由于纳米结构材料具有与传统材料不同的性能,有着广泛的应用前景,将继续成为材料领域的研究热点.     

纳米陶瓷粉体的分散

结合纳米陶瓷及纳米陶瓷复相材料的制作过程,介绍了纳米陶瓷粉体的分散方法及分散工艺过程,并展望了今后在纳米陶瓷粉体分散技术方面的发展方向。     

纳米二氧化钛研究进展

纳米二氧化钛是材料科学领域研究的重要课题。对纳米二氧化钛的合成工艺、后处理技术、结构及性能研究、应用领域等进行了追踪。提出了当前及今后纳米二氧化钛的研究方向。     

纳米陶瓷及其进展

综述了国内外纳米陶瓷研究动态,介绍了从纳米粉末制备、表征到纳米粉末的烧结及纳米陶瓷性能的发展过程,同时,指出了存在的问题。从近年来纳米陶瓷研究的成功实例,探讨了纳米陶瓷的研究作为当前国际陶瓷研究前沿课题的理论和实际依据。最后,分析了纳米陶瓷的发展前景及对传统陶瓷学、陶瓷工艺的新挑战。     

纳米复合电镀研究进展

综述了具有不同功能的纳米复合镀层的研究进展,重点介绍了纳米复合镀层的光催化活性、高硬度及耐腐蚀性、自润滑性、电接触性、无铅可焊性及抗高温氧化性。分析了脉冲电镀在纳米复合镀层中的应用及纳米微粒在镀液中的稳定与分散。介绍了复合电镀的共沉积机理。对纳米复合镀的发展前景进行了展望,并提出了有待深入研究的一些问题。     

纳米涂料的制备及应用

本书从纳米复合涂料的制备出发,阐述了纳米涂料制备过程中纳米粒子在涂料中的分散及分散结果,纳米涂料性能的测试方法,并举例论述了纳米涂料在海洋及腐蚀环境下的防护性能及其机制,用实例对多种纳米涂料配方特点及其应用领域进行分析,为纳米复合涂料的研发及生     

纳米粒子有机包覆研究进展

阐述了近年来国内外在纳米粒子表面有机包覆改性方面的研究进展,主要对氧化物纳米粒子、层状纳米粒子及金属纳米粒子等不同种类的纳米粒子的有机包覆改性方法进行了介绍及举例,并对未来的研究内容和方向做出了展望。     

纳米纤维及其制造方法

介绍了国内外纳米纤维的开发状况及纳米纤维的制造方法,指出21世纪纳米纤维前景看好,复合纺丝是制备纳米纤维的技术主体。我国应加强对纳米纤维及技术的研究开发,尽快形成具有自己知识产权的纳米纤维生产技术。     

天然除虫菊素和阿维菌素纳米胶囊结构表征及杀虫活性测定

用微乳液聚合法制备了天然除虫菊素和阿维菌素纳米胶囊,产品透明稳定。用激光粒度仪和透射电子显微镜对纳米胶囊的粒度和结构进行了测试和表征。结果表明,纳米胶囊颗粒较小,都在400nm以下,且分布均匀。室内杀虫活性试验证明了天然除虫菊素和阿维菌素纳米胶囊比相应的原药对蚜虫有更好的防治效果,有很好的缓释性和持效性,在喷药45d以后,其相对防效仍然维持在80%以上。     

Temperature Sensitive Nanocapsule of Complex Structural Form for Methane Storage

The processes of methane adsorption, storage and desorption by the nanocapsule are investigated with molecular-dynamic modeling method. The specific nanocapsule shape defines its functioning uniqueness: methane is adsorbed under 40 MPa and at normal temperature with further blocking of methane molecules the K@C60¹⁺ endohedral complex in the nanocapsule by external electric field, the storage is performed under normal external conditions, and methane desorption is performed at 350 K. The methane content in the nanocapsule during storage reaches 11.09 mass%. The nanocapsule consists of tree parts: storage chamber, junction and blocking chamber. The storage chamber comprises the nanotube (20,20). The blocking chamber is a short nanotube (20,20) with three holes. The junction consists of the nanotube (10,10) and nanotube (8,8); moreover, the nanotube (8,8) is connected with the storage chamber and nanotube (10,10) with the blocking chamber. The blocking chamber is opened and closed by the transfer of the K@C₆₀ ¹⁺ endohedral complex under electrostatic field action.     

新型高浓度纳米缓释香精的制备工艺研究

用超滤技术,对以壳聚糖-三聚磷酸钠为壁材,桂花香精、晚香玉香精为芯材的纳米香精胶囊进行浓缩。通过一系列单因素试验分析不同因素对纳米香精胶囊超滤时间、粒径、固含量、Zeta电位等的影响,获得最佳制备条件。采用激光粒度仪（DLS）等对其性能进行检测。结果表明：对于桂花纳米香精,将原液浓缩一倍时,选择相对分子质量150000的壳聚糖,0.3MPa超滤压力,香精质量分数为0.5%时超滤综合效果最好;对于晚香玉纳米香精,将原液浓缩一倍时,选择相对分子质量150000的壳聚糖,0.3MPa超滤压力,香精质量分数为0.244%超滤综合效果最好。     

Nanocapsule for Safe and Effective Methane Storage

A nanocapsule for safe and effective methane storage is investigated by the method of molecular dynamics. The mass content of methane in the nanocapsule reaches the value of 14.5 mass%. The nanocapsule consists of two parts: a locking chamber and a storage area. The locking chamber is the nanotube (10.10), open at one end, with a K@C₆₀ ¹⁺ endohedral complex inside it. The storage area is a nanotube (20.20). The locking chamber and the storage area are joined with each other and form T-junction. The locking chamber is opened at the methane filling and the discharge stages, and it is closed at the storage stage. Thanks to the locking chamber, methane molecules are stored in the nanocapsules under normal external conditions. Opening and closing of the locking chamber are carried out by the K@C₆₀ ¹⁺ endohedral complex displacement, which is done by the electric field action. The specific structure of the nanocapsule allows two aims to be reached: a high methane mass content and significant level of safety.     

γ-聚谷氨酸/壳聚糖纳米胶囊在香精缓释中的应用研究

制备了香精-γ-聚谷氨酸/壳聚糖纳米胶囊,并研究其缓释性能。以γ-聚谷氨酸和壳聚糖为原料、茉莉香精为模型,利用聚电解质自组装法在常温常压下制备纳米胶囊,利用纳米粒度激光分析仪对其平均粒径和粒径分布进行测定,选出最优的条件,然后利用电子鼻对其进行缓释性能测定。当乳化剂（Teewen-80）添加量为10%、乙醇添加量为0.5mL、香精添加量为2%时,得到的茉莉香精纳米胶囊的平均粒径为153nm,粒度分布系数为0.208,Zeta电位为35.2mV。该茉莉香精纳米胶囊在室温下具有明显的缓释能力。因此,以生物材料γ-聚谷氨酸和壳聚糖为原料制备的香精纳米胶囊粒度均一,可以应用于香精缓释。     

微胶囊及微胶囊化技术的研究进展

介绍了微胶囊、微胶囊的应用、微胶囊化技术和纳米胶囊技术的发展现状。     

红光响应眼镜蛇神经毒素PEG-PLGA纳米囊的制备与表征

以聚乙二醇-聚乳酸-聚乙醇酸嵌段共聚物(PEG-PLGA)为囊材,添加脱镁叶绿酸作为光敏剂,采用复乳法制备了光响应的眼镜蛇神经毒素纳米囊。以纳米囊的包封率、载药量和粒径为指标,采用单因素法对纳米囊的制备条件进行优化;以差示量热扫描分析其热流变性能,并以累积释药量研究其光控释行为。优化的PEGPLGA、眼镜蛇神经毒素及光敏剂脱镁叶绿酸质量配比为40∶12.5∶1,获得的纳米囊包封率为72.3%±3.6%,载药量为15.1%±1.3%,平均粒径为(862±23)nm,电位为(-46.5±3.8)m V,呈紧密球形,光敏剂分布在囊壳;在650 nm半导体激光照射30 min,体外释放明显加快。该纳米囊在不光照时具有增强药物稳定和缓释作用,而红光可促进药物释放,因而可实现光控靶向。     

超滤压力对制备高浓度纳米香精性能的影响

采用超滤技术,对以壳聚糖-三聚磷酸钠为壁材,桂花香精、晚香玉香精为芯材的纳米香精胶囊进行浓缩。通过一系列单因素实验分析不同因素对纳米香精胶囊超滤时间、粒径、固含量、Zeta电位等的影响,获得优化制备条件。采用激光粒度仪(DLS)等对其性能进行检测。结果表明,对于桂花纳米香精,将原液浓缩一倍时,选择相对分子质量150 000的壳聚糖,0.3 MPa超滤压力,香精质量分数为0.5%时超滤综合效果最好;对于晚香玉纳米香精,将原液浓缩一倍时,选择相对分子质量150 000的壳聚糖,0.3 MPa超滤压力,香精质量分数为0.244%超滤综合效果最好。     

Enhancing the unimolecularity and control for guest release of a macromolecular nanocapsule via core engineering

Controlling guest release by kinetic means generally suffers from poor reproducibility; thus, a thermodynamic means of control is suggested as an alternative. In this study, we show that core engineering of a macromolecular nanocapsule may enhance the unimolecularity and mediate guest release. A macromolecular nanocapsule is a core–shell amphiphilic macromolecule (CAM) hydrophobically derived from hyperbranched polyethylenimine (HPEI). Such a CAM is structurally unique because of its dense functional groups randomly populated in the core, which provides opportunity for core engineering. The difficulty with using a CAM is that the guest release is generally unstable and shows a two-stage character. Our results, on the other hand, indicate that, with core engineering of the CAM (in terms of its polarity and ionic nature), release of an ionic guest could be either greatly accelerated or retarded. In addition, with the appropriate guest-loading ratio, the release could become stable. It is also notable that the unimolecularity of the CAMs was greatly enhanced when ions were introduced into the core.