硅烷偶联剂改性对聚丙烯纤维抗裂效果的影响

采用乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂(SCA-1613)对聚丙烯纤维分别进行浸泡和表面接枝改性,并研究了最佳改性工艺条件;通过对开裂指数和断裂能的测试,研究了偶联剂改性对聚丙烯纤维在砂浆中的抗裂性能的影响。结果表明,与未改性纤维相比,经硅烷浸泡处理后的纤维,可明显提高水泥基材料的抗塑性开裂性能,其最佳的纤维体积掺量为0.08%,改性效果较突出。     

A novel technique for preparation of electrically conductive ABS/Cu polymeric gradient composites

A novel technique for preparing functionally gradient electrically conductive polymeric composites was developed by using of solution casting technique on the principle of Stokes’ law. Acrylonitrilebutadiene-styrene/Cu (ABS/Cu) gradient polymeric composites were prepared successfully using this technique. The gradient structures, electrically conductive performance and mechanical properties of the ABS/Cu composites were investigated. Optical microscope observation shows that the gradient distribution of Cu particles in ABS matrix was formed along their thickness-direction. The electrically conductive testing results indicate that the order of magnitude of surface resistivity was kept in 10₁₅ Ω at ABS rich side, while that declined to 10⁵ Ω at Cu particles rich side, and the percolation threshold was in the range of 2.82 vol%–4.74 vol% Cu content at Cu particles rich side. Mechanical test shows that the tensile strength reduced insignificantly as the content of Cu increases owing to the gradient distribution.     

特性矿物复合增强工程塑料的实验研究

目前 ,我国利用矿物粉体塑料仅限于通用塑料领域 ,即填充改性 .本实验研究利用绢云母、硅灰石和滑石等 3种有特殊晶体结构的矿物粉体 ,进行表面改性处理 ,与工程塑料ABS复合出加工性能优良、主要材料性能优于纯ABS的复合材料     

Surface modification of fire-retardant asphalt with silane coupling agent

The theory and approach of the surface modified of asphalt fire-retardant with silane coupling agent were introduced.The optimum silane dosage was determined,and the structure and properties of the asphalt fire-retardant before and after the surface modification were characterized by infrared spectrum and thermo gravimetric analysis.The dispersion effect of asphalt fire-retardant was studied.The influence of the surface modification on the hydrophilicity and lipophilicity of the asphalt fire-retardant was analyzed.The experimental results showed that there were physical and chemical interactions between the silane coupling agent and the asphalt fire-retardant,which reduced the surface polarity of the asphalt fire retardant.The optimum silane coupling agent dosage was 0.95% of the asphalt fire retardant.The surface modification improved the thermal stability,dispersibility and lipophilicity of the asphalt fire retardant,which enhanced the compatibility between asphalt fire retardant and asphalt.     

Effect of Pd ions in the chemical etching solution

The acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene （ABS） surface was etched by dipping it into chromic acid-sulfuric acid containing a trace amount of palladium. The surface roughness, activity, and valence bond were characterized by atomic force microscopy （AFM） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The results showed that with the increase of Pd concentration in the etching solution the ABS surface roughness reduced. The ratio of O to C increases and forms a large amount of O=C？O functional groups by dipping into Pd contained etching solution, thus the amount of colloids palladium adsorption increases. The carboxyl group acts as the ad- sorption site for the Pd/Sn catalyst.     

Structures and properties characterization of acrylonitrilebutadiene-styrene/organo-palygorskite clay composites

Palygorskite (PGS) and vinyl tris-(2-methoxyethoxy) silane (KH-172) modified palygorskite (OPGS) were used to prepare acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)/clay composites. Thermal stability of the composites was evaluated by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology of the fractured surface and the degree of dispersion of the clay in the ABS matrix were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results showed the variation of the crystal structure. Measurements of the tensile properties of the ABS/clay composites proved that the ABS/OPGS composited material represented the most excellent tensile property, because of good compatibility and dispersion of ABS with OPGS.     

纳米碳酸钙对回收丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物性能的影响

利用熔融共混方法制备出纳米碳酸钙/回收丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯复合材料,采用偶联剂对纳米碳酸钙表面改性,或加入增容剂马来酸酐接枝(丙烯腈/苯乙烯)共聚物(AS-g-MAH),得到力学性能较好的纳米碳酸钙/回收丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯复合材料.研究了纳米碳酸钙含量、偶联剂、增容剂AS-g-MAH对回收丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:与新料ABS相比,回收的ABS性能有所下降.纳米碳酸钙含量为ABS质量的2%,硅烷偶联剂含量为纳米碳酸钙质量的5%,或增容剂AS-g-MAH为纳米碳酸钙质量的2%时,回收ABS的力学性能最佳.扫描电镜显示加入增容剂AS-g-MAH后,纳米碳酸钙粒子能均匀混合在回收ABS中,且粒径分布较窄,分散性好;无增容剂时有纳米碳酸钙团聚粒子出现.     

绢云母对无机硅酸锌涂层磨损性能的影响

将质量分数为5％的绢云母颗粒添加到无机硅酸锌涂料固相成分中,采用三层刷涂制备涂层,通过干磨损实验和声发射擦伤实验,考察添加绢云母对无机硅酸锌涂料磨损性能的影响．结果表明,绢云母的添加降低了涂层的摩擦系数,减轻了涂层的塑性变形,阻止了涂层内部裂纹的产生和扩展,使涂层声发射信号的强度相对降低,增强了涂层的耐磨性能,一定程度上扩大了涂层的应用空间．     

Influence of drying methods on fractal geometric characteristics of mesoporous silica aerogels

Chemical modification/ambient drying method and freeze drying method were introduced to research the synthesis of mesoporous silica aerogels. By analyzing N2 gas adsorption/desorption isotherms, the fractal geometric characteristics of gels were focused. The overall surface fractal dimensions were determined by analyzing N2 gas adsorption branch and a Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) equation was empolyed to determine surface fractal dimension Df . It is found that, during ambient drying process, VTMCS/VWetgel ratio plays a crucial role in the changes of geometric feature, the key point is 50%, when the ratio is lower, and surface roughness increases with the ratio, when it exceeds 50%, the surface is almost unaffected by the modification. While freeze drying always tends to get larger Df , freeze drying process could cause a rough surface of the gels. Compared with traditional porosity and specific surface area analyses, fractal geometry may be expected to be favorable for mesoporous structural analyses of materials.     

Adsorption characteristics of thiobacillus ferrooxidans on surface of sulfide minerals

By using thiobacillus ferroxidans (T. f) from Qixiashan, Hubei Province, China, the adsorption characteristics of T. f on surface of sulfide mineral were studied. The influences of adsorption time, pH value, temperature, initial inoculated concentration of bacteria, concentration of sulfide mineral powder, and variety of minerals on the adsorption characteristics were firstly investigated by using the ninhydrin colorimetric method, and the changes of contact angles and Zeta potentials of mineral surface during the bacterial adsorption were then determined. The results show that when the leaching experiments are performed for a long time from several days to a month, the maximal quantity of adsorption of T f on the surface of pyrite is obtained under the following conditions: leaching for 20 d, pH value in range of 1–2 and temperature at 30 °C, respectively; when the bio-leaching experiments are performed for a shorter leaching time, the maximal quantity of adsorption is obtained under the conditions: bio-leaching for 2 h, at 2.4×10⁷ cell/mL of initial inoculated bacteria concentration, and at 10% of mineral powder concentration; and the adsorption quantities are different from one sulfide mineral to another, and the adsorption of T. f on the surface of sulfide minerals includes three phases: increasing phase, stationary phase and decreasing phase. Foundation item: Project(50321402) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; project (2004CB619204) supported by the National Key Fundamental Research and Development Program of China     

Chemieal Strueturcs and Adsorptive Behaviors of Superplastieizers on β-C2S

The chemical structures of four types of superplasticizers （SPs） and their adsorptive behaviors on β-C2S were investigated. The adsorption properties of SPs on β-C2S were measured and the relationship between the adsorption quantity and the specific surface of β-C2S was analyzed. The experimental results show that the adsorption quantity increases with the surface area increase of β-C2S, but the adsorption quantity per surface area is similar, which means that the main adsorbent is β-C2S itself. Polycarboxylic ester （PCE） showed the highest adsorption amount on β-C2S, followed by β-naphthalene sulfonates （NSF） and formaldehyde-acetone condensates sulfonates （FAS）, amino sulphonate （AS） showed the least adsorption amount on β-C2S. PCE affected the surface potential of β-C2S particles in water differently in comparison with other types of SPs. The adsorption capacity of SPs on β-C2S is determined by factors such as molecular structure, functional groups and molecular weight of SPs.     

Effect of competitive adsorption between sodium tripolyphosphate and naphthalene superplasticizer on fluidity of cement paste

The adsorption amount, ζ-potential of cement particles and fluidity of cement paste were tested to research the competitive adsorption between naphthalene superplasticizer(FDN) and STPP. The experimental results showed that the presence of STPP could significantly improve the fluidity of cement paste and reduce the fluidity loss with FDN. There existed a competitive adsorption between STPP and FDN. STPP and calcium ions formed complexes; they preferentially adsorbed onto surface of cement particles and preempt adsorption points of FDN; and it reduced adsorption amount of FDN. In the absence of STPP, saturation adsorption amount of FDN was 5.93 mg/g; but when the dosage of STPP was 0.1%, it reduced to 4.3 mg/g(about 72.5%). The adsorption amount of FDN was reduced by STPP, but ζ-potential of cement particles enhanced and fluidity of cement paste increased because of strong negative charge effect of the complexes. Adsorption of the complexes would delay Ca2+ into liquid and inhibit formation of active adsorption points. Then, content of FDN in liquid increased with the addition of STPP and ζ-potential of cement particles became stable. In this way, fluidity loss of cement paste reduced.     

The coupling agents’ effects on the BSA intercalated into montmorillonite

The effects of surface modification on montmorillonite （MMT） were illustrated in order to produce the composite material with premium properties. MMT was treated with two coupling agents： glutaraldehyde （GA） and 7-methacryloxy-propyl-trimethoxy silane （KH570）. The effects of different coupling agents on MMT and protein interaction were investigated by XRD, FT-IR, TGA, UV-Vis, etc. The results of structure characterization indicated that KH570 modification could change the surface crystal structure of MMT. However, GA reacted with amino groups of Bovine serum albumin （BSA） and the ordered layer structures of MMT were not completely destroyed. Coupling agents could greatly increase the amounts of BSA intercalated and the effect of KH570 is better than that of GA. And, the optimum concentrations of KH570 and GA were 2% and 6%, respectively. The rate of weight loss increased by about 12% after MMT was pretreated with coupling agents. The possible reason is that coupling agent treatment makes the structure of MMT more accessible to protein absorption and helps to stabilize the protein structure. Moreover,the presence of coupling agents can reduce the direct chemical interaction between BSA and MMT, which results in increasing protein desorption.     

活性硅酸钙填充天然橡胶复合材料性能的研究

以无定形活性水合硅酸钙、炭黑、白炭黑为填料,使用硅烷偶联剂对其改性,采用熔融共混法制备了天然橡胶复合材料,并考察了改性剂种类、改性剂添加量、硅酸钙添加量、硅酸钙与炭黑、白炭黑的配合比例对天然橡胶复合材料硫化性能、力学性能的影响.结果表明:与炭黑、白炭黑传统填料相比,硅酸钙粉体具有降低胶料扭矩、缩短硫化时间的作用;填充硅酸钙后,天然橡胶的拉伸及撕裂强度有不同程度降低,但在填充50份4％S基改性的硅酸钙后,复合材料的100％、300％定伸强度与50份炭黑填充时相当;硅酸钙与白炭黑配合填充时,复合材料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度在比例为1∶3、1∶1时各自达到最大值11.31 MPa、23.93 N/mm,优于白炭黑单独填充.     

Decomposing scheelite and scheelite-wolframite mixed concentrate by caustic soda digestion

1　INTRODUCTIONWiththecontinualexploitationanddevelopmentoftungstenmaterials ,wolframitebecomeslessandless .Statisticaldatashowthattheproportionofwol framiteisonly32 .9%andthatofscheeliteis 4 5 .5 %intungstenresources ,therestisscheelite wolframitemixedconcentrateandmostofnewlyexploredtung stenisscheelite[1] .Therefore ,howtoeconomicallyexploitscheelitebecomessignificantlyimportantindevelopingtungstenindustriesinChina .Currently ,causticleachingisappliedtohandlewolframiteconcentrate ,andh…     

水镁石/硼酸锌复合阻燃环氧树脂的制备与性能

针对环氧树脂在添加普通水镁石阻燃剂后力学性能恶化的问题,通过对水镁石的改性和复配制备了一种新型阻燃剂.通过SEM观察水镁石粉体及阻燃环氧树脂断面的表面形貌,利用弯曲强度测试考察阻燃环氧树脂的力学性能,测定氧指数考察其阻燃性能.结果表明,水镁石用量为30%时阻燃EP性能最好.用硅烷偶联剂Ⅰ和Z6173改性,阻燃EP的弯曲强度和氧指数分别为5.21 M Pa、28.9%和4.82 M Pa、29.1%.用6份的硼酸锌与硅烷偶联剂Ⅰ改性的水镁石复配制得的复合阻燃剂,其制备成的阻燃EP的弯曲强度和氧指数最高达到4.85 MPa和29.3%.     

活性绢云母在聚乙烯中增强作用的研究

利用绢云母的基本特性，对其进行超音速气流粉碎及表面化学改性，改变绢云母鳞片性质，制备出聚乙烯增强剂．研究结果有利于非金属矿物深加工、树脂基复合材料等研究．     

Surface organic modification of Fe<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> magnetic nanoparticles

The surface organic modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with silane coupling reagent KH570 was studied. The modified and unmodified nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR, XPS and TEM. The spectra of FT-IR and XPS revealed that KH570 was coated onto the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles to get Fe-O- Si bond and an organic coating layer also was formed. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were spheres partly with mean size of 18,8 nm studied by TEM, which was consistent with the result 17.9 nm calculated by Scherrer＇s equation. KH570 was adsorbed on surface and formed chemistry bond to be steric hindrance repulsion which prevented nanoparticles from reuniting. Then glycol-based Fe3O4 magnetic liquids dispersed stably was gained.     

Synthesis and characteristics of mesoporous silica aerogels with one-step solvent exchange/surface modification

The synthesis procedures and physical properties of the ambient dried hydrophobic silica aerogels by using different contents of ethanol (EtOH)/trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS)/n-Hexane as surface modification agent were investigated. One-step solvent exchange and surface modification were simultaneously progressed by immersing silica hydrogels in EtOH/TMCS/n-Hexane solution. It is found that microstructures as well as properties of silica aerogels like porosity, specific density and specific surface area are affected by the contents of surface modification agent in the sol from the results of SEM, TEM morphology, FT-IR chemical structure, BET surface area and BJH pore size analyses. The volume of TMCS is of 10% and 20% of hydrogels, and the final product is hydrophilic xerogels. When TMCS’s percent (v/v) is elevated to 75%–100%, hydrophobic silica aerogels with good performance are synthesized, the porosities of aerogels are in the range of 93.5%–95.8% and the average pore size diameter is less than 20 nm. Funded by the National Mega-Project of Scientific & Technical Supporting Programs, Ministry of Science & Technology of China (No.2006BAJ04A 04), and the Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, China (No.20062147)     

废旧轮胎胶粉对水泥砂浆力学性能的影响

研究了废旧轮胎胶粉的细度、掺量对水泥砂浆抗压强度的影响．利用不同的硅烷偶联剂对废轮胎胶粉进行了改性试验，并测定了改性胶粉对水泥砂浆力学性能的影响．研究结果表明：掺胶粉水泥砂浆28d抗压强度有明显下降，但掺量小于10％时，对水泥砂浆的早期强度几乎没有影响；在等掺量条件下，胶粉越细，砂浆强度越高；胶粉经改性后能明显改善掺胶粉水泥砂浆的力学性能．