纯棉织物免烫整理强力保护添加剂的合成与应用

采用二乙烯三胺和乙二醛合成纯棉织物免烫整理强力保护添加剂。该添加剂以20g/L用量加入2D树脂整理液中，整理后的棉织物撕破强力提高39％，断裂强力提高31．5％，断裂延伸度提高8％。需进一步解决整理品的泛黄问题。     

无甲醛免烫整理剂DM-3540抗皱整理工艺

研究了无甲醛免烫整理剂DM-3540在棉织物抗皱整理时,DM-3540的用量、催化剂Na3PO4的用量、pH值、焙烘温度和时间对棉织物折皱回复角、白度、断裂强力和撕破强力保留率的影响.指出无甲醛免烫整理剂DM-3540对棉织物的最佳抗皱整理工艺为:DM-3540用量160 g/L、催化剂Na3PO4用量8g/L、pH值5.0～6.0,二浸二轧(轧余率85％),85℃预烘2 min后,180 ℃焙烘2.5 min;在DM-3540抗皱整理配方中加入20 g/L柔软剂VS可改善织物的手感,不同程度提高织物的折皱回复角、撕破强力保留率和断裂强力保留率,且不影响棉织物的白度.     

柠檬酸免烫整理对棉织物性能及染色效果影响

采用柠檬酸对棉织物进行免烫整理,研究柠檬酸的浓度、次亚磷酸钠的浓度、焙烘温度与焙烘时间等工艺参数对棉织物的白度、折皱回复角、断裂强力等性能指标的影响,并探讨活性黄B-4RFW染料上染柠檬酸免烫整理棉织物的染色性能。结果表明,柠檬酸免烫整理对织物的性能产生了较大的影响,在改变免烫整理工艺的条件下,免烫织物的免烫性能发生明显变化,织物强力也明显改变,织物的白度受到影响;在不同的整理工艺下,染色织物的K/S值基本上随着整理工艺条件的加强而下降。     

强力保护剂在棉织物免烫整理中的应用

采用单因素变量法研究改性2D树脂DM-3510免烫整理工艺条件对棉织物免烫效果和强力的影响,并研究了市场上常见的4种非离子型强力保护剂对改性2D树脂和BTCA整理剂强力保护效果的影响。结果表明,树脂用量、焙烘温度、焙烘时间和预烘后带液量对棉织物强力和免烫效果有不同程度的影响。强力保护剂对整理织物的白度几乎没有影响,对改性2D树脂整理织物的各项强力均能起到保护作用,对BTCA整理织物撕破强力的提升效果明显,但会导致断裂强力降低。     

柠檬酸/丁烷四羧酸/木糖醇免烫棉织物工艺配方优化

对纯棉织物采用柠檬酸(CA)/丁烷四羧酸(BTCA)/木糖醇免烫整理剂进行免烫整理,探讨柠檬酸质量浓度、丁烷四羧酸质量浓度、木糖醇质量浓度、焙烘时间和焙烘温度对免烫效果的影响,并测试免烫后织物的折皱回复角、白度和强力。结果表明：免烫后织物的折皱回复角与丁烷四羧酸或柠檬酸单独作用于棉织物相当,断裂强力优于两者单独作用。优化免烫整理工艺为：柠檬酸质量浓度60 g/L、丁烷四羧酸质量浓度40 g/L、木糖醇质量浓度17.5 g/L、焙烘温度170℃、焙烘时间3 min。整理后织物的折皱回复角可达267°,白度为54.5,断裂强力为248 N。     

含氮衍生物对纺织品免烫整理织物强力的影响

为了提高免烫整理织物强力保留率,合成了一系列含氮衍生物作为免烫整理织物强力保护添加剂,并与国外同类产品对比,测试了纯棉织物免烫整理后物理机械性能.结果表明,添加10g/L的脂肪酰胺衍生物保持免烫整理效果,整理品的断裂和撕破强力保留率分别提高13.5%和10.5%,是一种性能优良的绿色环保的免烫整理织物强力保护添加剂.     

Na2S2O4对柠檬酸免烫棉织物泛黄问题的改善

针对柠檬酸(CA)免烫棉织物的泛黄问题,将保险粉用于CA免烫棉织物的漂白处理,并采用单因素试验以及响应面法优化漂白工艺条件,分析保险粉浓度、漂白温度和处理时间对织物白度、折皱回复角和强力保留率的影响。研究结果表明,漂白温度和处理时间是影响CA免烫织物白度的关键因素。最优漂白工艺为:保险粉质量分数8.6%,漂白温度90℃,漂白时间40 min。漂白处理后不仅CA免烫棉织物的白度显著升高,由45.5增至69.2,而且对织物的折皱回复角和强力保留率影响不大。     

纳米TiO2改善棉织物抗皱整理强力损失

在棉织物抗皱整理工作液中加入纳米二氧化钛，可以提高免烫织物的强力。探讨了纳米二氧化钛用量对纯棉平纹、斜纹织物抗皱整理效果及织物强力的影响。研究表明，纳米二氧化钛的浓度为0．1g/L时，效果最佳。     

水性聚氨酯在全棉织物免烫整理中的应用

采用单因素变量法研究常见的8种水性聚氨酯在醚化2D树脂整理体系中对棉织物免烫整理效果和强力的影响,并讨论强力保护剂在醚化2D树脂和水性聚氨酯复配整理中对棉织物折皱回复性能和强力保留效果的影响。结果表明:水性聚氨酯加入醚化2D树脂整理体系后,棉织物折皱回复性能、强力保留率均有不同程度的增加,其中水性聚氨酯3458整理棉织物折皱回复角最高可达275.00°,强力保留率提升12.35%;水性聚氨酯6222整理棉织物强力保留率高达69.52%,折皱回复角达到243.75°。强力保护剂可提高免烫整理后棉织物的强力保留率,但过量的保护剂会使织物折皱回复性能下降。在醚化2D树脂质量浓度为100 g/L,水性聚氨酯3458质量浓度为40 g/L,强力保护剂质量浓度为35 g/L时,织物免烫效果最佳,折皱回复角高达271.25°,强力保留率高达65.12%。     

β-环糊精衍生物在DP整理中的应用研究

将β-环糊精衍生物（S-CD）应用于棉织物免烫整理，以降低棉织物的强力损失。结果表明，在10％F-ECO（改性2D树脂）整理液中添加2％S-CD，整理织物的强力损伤可以得到明显改善，断裂强力保留率和撕破强力保留率均可提高29％左右。通过对S-CD浓度、焙烘温度和焙烘时间等工艺因素进行优化研究，得到S-CD改性树脂免烫整理工艺，即：10％F-ECO、2％S-CD和10％MgCl2·6H2O（对交联剂的质量百分比），温度150℃下焙烘2min。     

烷醇酰胺复合物的制备

将甘油三酸酯、十二碳脂肪酸混合后与不同摩尔分数的醇胺制备成各类烷醇酰胺复合物,测定其基本性能,同时考察其对坯革的加脂性能.结果表明,甘油三酸酯、十二碳脂肪酸混合后与长链烷基胺制备的烷醇酰胺复合物流动性能良好、易乳化、黏度低、乳液稳定;加脂后坯革机械性能优良(撕裂强度为17.062 N/ram、抗张强度为6.039 N/...     

Anthocyanidins decrease endothelin-1 production and increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human endothelial cells

Epidemiological and intervention studies correlate anthocyanin-rich beverages and a low incidence of coronary heart diseases. Since endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) are vascular tension regulators secreted by endothelial cells, we studied the influence of two anthocyanidins, namely cyanidin (CY) and delphinidin (DP), on the regulation of ET-1 and eNOS in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Aglycon anthocyanidin forms, such as CY and DP, may be present in vivo after the first deglycosylation step occurring in the jejunum and in the liver. DP showed a major action compared to CY inducing a significant dose-dependent inhibitory effect on both protein and mRNA levels of ET-1. CY and DP both increased the protein level of eNOS, but DP showed the major effect raising eNOS protein in a dose-dependent manner. To correlate the vasoprotective effect of CY and DP with their antioxidant activity, we analysed also the antioxidant effect of anthocyanidins both in vitro and in HUVECs. In particular, we examined the effect of anthocyanidins on endothelial heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an inducible stress protein. In all tests, DP showed a higher antioxidant activity than CY. Finally, the antiproliferative effect induced by DP was detected in HUVECs. DP and CY differ in the number and position of hydroxyl groups in their structure; therefore, the greater biological activity by DP, compared with CY, seems to be due to the presence of the three hydroxyl groups on the B ring in the molecular structure of DP.     

废油脂制备烷醇酰胺表面活性剂的工艺研究

以废油脂为原料,在自制DYD催化剂作用下制得脂肪酸甲酯,再以氢氧化钾为催化剂,与二乙醇胺合成烷醇酰胺.考察了催化剂用量,脂肪酸甲酯与二乙醇胺摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间、真空度等因素对反应的影响,通过单因素试验和析因试验确定出最佳工艺条件为:n(脂肪酸甲酯):n(二乙醇胺)=1:1.55,反应温度110℃,反应时间2.5 h,真空度0.08 MPa,催化剂用量0.65%(基于脂肪酸甲酯的质量).最佳条件下,烷醇酰胺的收率达96.3%.通过红外光谱仪对产物进行了结构表征,并对其界面张力进行了测定.结果表明,合成了目标产物,产物具有较好的界面活性.     

Effect of dry period length on milk yield over multiple lactations

Shortening or omitting the dry period (DP) can improve the energy balance of dairy cows in early lactation through a decrease in milk yield after calving. Little is known about the effect of a short or no DP on milk yield over multiple lactations. Our objectives were (1) to assess the effect of DP length over multiple lactations on milk yield, and (2) to assess if the prediction of milk yield in response to DP length could be improved by including individual cow characteristics before calving. Lactation data (2007 to 2015) of 16 Dutch dairy farms that apply no or short DP were used to compute cumulative milk yield in the 60 d before calving (additional yield) and in the 305 d after calving (305-d yield), and the mean daily yield over the interval from 60 d before calving to 60 d before next calving (effective lactation yield). The DP categories were no (0 to 2 wk), short (3 to 5 wk), standard (6 to 8 wk), and long (9 to 12 wk). The effect of current DP and previous DP on yields was analyzed with mixed models (n = 1,420 lactations). The highest effective lactation yield of fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM) was observed for cows with a standard current DP (27.6 kg per day); a daily decrease was observed of 0.6 kg for a long DP, 1.0 kg for a short DP, and 2.0 kg for no DP. Previous DP did not significantly affect the effective lactation yield. Thus, cows can be managed with short or no DP over consecutive lactations without a change in quantity of milk losses. Cows that received no DP for consecutive lactations had a lower additional yield before calving (?172 kg of FPCM), but a higher 305-d yield (+560 kg of FPCM), compared with cows that received no DP for the first time. This could lessen the improvement of the energy balance in early lactation when no DP is applied a second time compared with the first time. For the second objective, a basic model was explored to predict effective lactation yield based on parity, DP length, and first-parity 305-d yield (n = 2,866 lactations). The basic model was subsequently extended with data about recent yield, days open, and somatic cell count. Extending the model reduced the error of individual predictions by only 6%. Therefore, the basic model seems sufficient to predict the effect of DP length on effective lactation yield. Other individual cow characteristics can still be relevant, however, to make a practical and tailored decision about DP length.     

Complementary action of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and aminopeptidase M in the digestion of beta-casein

Purified bovine beta-casein was digested in vitro with varying mixtures of purified proteinases and peptidases including trypsin, chymotrypsin, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV), aminopeptidase M and prolidase. In digestion mixtures without DP IV the yield of free amino acids was considerably lower than in the corresponding assays with this peptidase. Especially, the release of proline increases drastically from almost zero to the theoretical amount in the presence of DP IV. Quantitative results indicated that the specificities of the two microvillar peptidases (aminopeptidase M and DP IV) optimally complemented each other. This effect elucidates the hitherto obscure physiological role of intestinal DP IV. A similar effect may also apply to other caseins and nutritional proteins.     

无甲醛耐久免烫整理剂QD-WR性能的研究

通过对免烫整理剂QD-WR整理加工条件的研究，确定了免烫整理剂QD-WR的最佳应用条件，并对处理后织物折皱回复角、水洗后平整度、撕破强力和白度等进行分析。试验结果表明，QD-WR具有与2D树脂相同的耐久免烫整理效果，其耐水洗性能、织物撕破强力保留率和白度均好于2D树脂，可以低温交联，节省能源，降低成本。     

Effect of inulin on rheological properties of soft and strong wheat dough

The influence of inulin with different degrees of polymerisation (DP) on the farinograph characteristics, extensograph parameters and fermentation rheological properties of soft and strong wheat dough was explored. The results showed that the addition of inulin can reduce the water absorption of doughs, and inulin with lower DP had more significant effect and the influence on the soft dough was stronger than the strong dough. Inulin can enhance mechanical properties of the gluten network and improve the resistance to mixing of soft dough. The extensibility of doughs decreased with increasing inulin. Inulin increased the resistance to extension of soft dough; however, it is reverse for strong dough. Adding inulin significantly increased the volume of gas production and the maximum expansion height of doughs, and the effect of inulin with lower DP was more prominent. Additionally, the gas‐holding capacity of doughs was enhanced by inulin.     

Preparation and Analysis of α-1,6 Glucan as a Slowly Digestible Carbohydrate

Carbohydrate materials that produce lower postprandial blood glucose increase are required for diabetic patients. To develop slowly digestible carbohydrates, the effect of degree of polymerization (DP) of α-1,6 glucan on its digestibility was investigated in vitro and in vivo. We prepared four fractions of α-1,6 glucan composed primarily of DP 3–9, DP 10–30, DP 31–150, and DP 151+ by fractionating a dextran hydrolysate. An in vitro experiment using digestive enzymes showed that the glucose productions of DP 3–9, DP 10–30, DP 31–150, and DP 151+ were 70.3, 53.4, 28.2, and 19.2 % in 2 h, and 92.1, 83.9, 39.6, and 33.3 % in 24 h relative to dextrin, respectively. An in vivo glycemic response showed that the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) of blood glucose levels of α-1,6 glucan with DP 3–9, DP 10–30, DP 31–150, and DP 151+ were 99.5, 84.3, 65.4, and 40.1 % relative to dextrin, respectively. These results indicated that α-1,6 glucan with higher DP had stronger resistance to digestion and produced a smaller blood glucose response. DP 10–30 showed significantly lower maximum blood glucose levels than dextrin; however, no significant difference was observed in iAUC, indicating that DP 10–30 was slowly digestible. In addition, α-1,6 glucan was also produced using an enzymatic reaction with dextrin dextranase (DDase). This produced similar results to DP 10–30. The DDase product can be synthesized from dextrin at low cost. This glucan is expected to be useful as a slowly digestible carbohydrate source.     

Role of maltodextrins in the staling of starch gels

The possible role of maltodextrins with a low degree of polymerisation (DP) as agents that retard bread staling was studied by following the staling process on a model system consisting of starch gels by means of textural and calorimetric assays. Maltodextrins of DP 2 to 7 were added at concentrations of 0.5% (starch base) to 15% (w/w) starch gels. Textural and calorimetric results were analysed by the Avrami equation. The addition of maltodextrins promoted a slight decrease in the initial firmness of the starch gels. All the samples with maltodextrins showed a lower rate of firming. The same effect was observed on the rate of amylopectin retrogradation, except for the maltose sample under short and intermediate storage times. It was concluded that low DP maltodextrins might be responsible for the anti-staling effect obtained by using α-amylase addition in the breadmaking process.     

Growth of soybean sprouts affected by chitosans prepared under various deproteinization and demineralization times

Chitosan, a natural biopolymer derived by deacetylation of chitin, has been extensively used in biomedical, agricultural and food applications. The ultimate aim of research effort was to develop various economic/simplified chitosan production processes for particular food applications. Therefore, a set of experiments was designed to evaluate the effect of chitosans prepared under various deproteinization (DP) times (at 0, 5 and 15 min) and demineralization (DM) times (at 0, 10, 20 and 30 min) on the growth of soybean sprouts. Chitosan treatment increased the total weight of soybean sprouts by 10.7–13.8% compared with that of the control; the effectiveness of the chitosan treatment was independent of DP and DM times. The increase (12.7%) in the growth of soybean sprouts by chitosan prepared without DP and DM steps was noteworthy. This investigation demonstrates that the elimination of DP and DM steps or a reduction in the reaction time required for optimum DP and DM in the production of chitosan needs further studies before being considered for particular usages. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry