液相包覆技术及其在材料制备中的应用

本文介绍了液相包覆技术制备涂层的一些基本方法及其在材料制备中的应用，表明该工艺使陶瓷材料获得了均匀混合，同时改善了复合材料基体相与增强相之间的界面状态，使复合材料性能得到提高。     

碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料的研究现状及展望

首先介绍了碳纳米管的性质和优点,并讨论了将其应用于制备金属基复合材料方面的优势.从制备方法、材料性能等方面阐述了目前国内外对碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料的研究现状,并对碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料研究的发展前景进行了展望.     

碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料的研究现状及展望

首先介绍了碳纳米管的性质和优点，并讨论了将其应用于制备金属基复合材料方面的优势。从制备方法、材料性能等方面阐述了目前国内外对碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料的研究现状，并对碳纳米管增强金属基复合材料研究的发展前景进行了展望。     

B4Cp/7050Al复合材料的腐蚀行为研究

为探索高强度高模量铝基复合材料的腐蚀性能,采用粉末冶金工艺制备了增强相体积分数为17%、20%的铝基复合材料。腐蚀研究结果表明,铝基复合材料的腐蚀与基体关系密切,复合材料产生的剥落腐蚀及电化学腐蚀与基体相比敏感性不强,增强相的加入使材料的晶间腐蚀、盐雾腐蚀性能恶化。     

镁基复合材料制备技术研究现状

镁合金具有低密度、高比刚度和高比强度的优点,但其延展性不足及较差的耐腐蚀性严重阻碍了其大规模应用。研究者采用各种技术开发了多种镁基复合材料,开发出的镁基复合材料具有低密度、高强度及良好的耐腐蚀性能。综述了制备镁基复合材料的主流技术及制备的复合材料性能,分析了各种制备技术的优缺点。制备技术包括搅拌铸造、挤压铸造、超声波辅助铸造、等离子喷涂等液相制备技术,以及冷喷涂、粉末冶金、高压扭转和搅拌摩擦加工等固相制备技术。     

铜基复合材料的研究

综述了7种制备铜基复合材料的工艺机理、特点,以及Cu/Al2O3,Cu/WC,Cu/TiB2,Cu/Ti3SiC2 4种复合材料的研究进展.内氧化法主要用于制备Cu/Al2O3复合材料,其氧含量控制困难,成本昂贵;机械合金化法可制备超细颗粒强化的铜基复合材料,具有工艺简单,成本相对较低的特点,缺点是耗能大,易混入杂质;溶胶-凝胶法可制备超细氧化铝强化的铜基复合材料,工艺过程易控制;液相反应法可用来制备性能优良的Cu/5%TiB2复合材料,基体中颗料的含量、尺寸和分布易控制;固相反应生成法产品纯度高,易获得复杂相和亚稳定相,但产品致密度不高;反应喷射沉积法制得的产品晶粒细小,无宏观偏析,颗粒分布均匀,生产工艺简单,生产效率高.最后还分析了铜基复合材料研究中存在的问题.     

高熵合金基复合材料及制备方法研究进展

高熵合金基复合材料可以充分发挥高熵合金和强化相(或金属基体)的性能优势,有望超越传统金属复合材料的性能极限。对高熵合金基复合材料及其制备方法进行了综述,以期能为未来高熵合金基复合材料的组分设计、强化相种类和制备方法的选择带来一定的启发和借鉴作用。首先介绍了高熵合金基复合材料的强化相种类,并对高熵合金基复合材料制备工艺的特点进行了总结;在此基础上,归纳了制备高性能高熵合金基复合材料的关键因素,包括高熵合金成分的选择、强化相种类及生成方式和复合材料的制备方法等因素;最后对高熵合金基复合材料研究领域的挑战和未来发展进行了展望。     

自生铝基复合材料的制备,性能及生成机理

主要介绍了自生铝基复合材料制备工艺的最新进展，讨论了自生铝基复合材料的性能及生成机理。     

碳/碳复合材料基体用中间相沥青

中间相沥青具有高残碳率、高密度、低的密度变化及易石墨化等优点 ,是较理想的碳 /碳 (C/C)复合材料基体前驱体。本文从 C/ C复合材料制备工艺的角度 ,阐述了制备 C/ C复合材料用的中间相沥青的主要特性 ,其中包括中间相沥青的流动性、在碳化过程中的稳定化、微观结构以及中间相沥青基 C/ C复合材料的界面结构。     

低VOC麻纤维增强复合材料制备技术

麻纤维增强热塑性复合材料具有轻质、环保、耐冲击等特点,是极具附加值与潜力的材料。但传统麻纤维复合材料存在纤维分散不均、挥发性有机化合物(volatile organic compounds, VOC)大量释放等问题,制约了麻纤维复合材料的规模化应用。介绍了麻纤维固相共混热致复合的材料制备方法、麻纤维表面处理技术、麻纤维复合材料一步法制备技术、麻纤维热塑性复合材料一体化成型等制备工艺,并对天然麻纤维增强复合材料的规模化应用进行了展望。     

Synthesis and characterization of insulin/zirconium phosphate@TiO2 hybrid composites for enhanced oral insulin delivery applications

Abstract

In this work, a series of composites of insulin (Ins)/zirconium phosphate (ZrP) were synthesized by intercalation method, then, these composites were coated with TiO₂ by sol-gel method to prepare Ins/ZrP@TiO₂ hybrid composites and the drug release of the composites was investigated by using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Ins/ZrP (10, 30, 60?wt%) composites were prepared by intercalation of insulin into the ZrP layers in water. Then Ins/ZrP composites were coated with different amounts of TiO₂ (30, 50, 100?wt %) by using titanium tetra n-butoxide, as precursor. Formation of intercalated Ins/ZrP and Ins/ZrP@TiO₂ hybrid composites was characterized by FT-IR, FE-SEM, BET and XRD analysis. Zeta potential of the optimized Ins/ZrP@TiO₂ hybrid composite was determined ?27.2?mV. Cytotoxic effects of the optimized Ins/ZrP@TiO₂ hybrid composite against HeLa and Hek293T cell lines were evaluated using MTT assay and the results showed that designed drug delivery system was not toxic in biological environment. Compared to the Ins/ZrP composites, incorporation of TiO₂ coating enhanced the drug entrapment considerably, and reduced the drug release. The Ins/ZrP composites without TiO₂ coating released the whole drug after 30?min in pH 7.4 (phosphate buffer solution) while the TiO₂-coated composites released the entrapped drug after 20?h. In addition to increasing the shelf life of hormone, this nanoencapsulation and nanocoating method can convert the insulin utilization from injection to oral and present a painless and more comfortable treatment for diabetics.     

高岭土/钛白复合粉体的制备与表征

借助粉体表面改性的原理及液相化学沉积的包覆工艺,以高岭士为核,利用四氯化钛水解在其表面包覆－层纳米二氧化钛制成高岭土复合钛白,并用TEM、XRD等手段进行了表征。结果表明：复合粉体包覆效果良好800℃煅烧后包覆层二氧化钛主要为锐钛矿型结构,并开始向金红石型转化。     

化学气相反应法制备SiC涂层对C/C复合材料力学性能影响

采用化学气相反应法在C/C复合材料表面制备了SiC涂层,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及能谱等分析手段研究了涂层的形貌和结构,并采用三点弯曲试验研究了材料的力学性能,讨论了SiC涂层及制备工艺对复合材料断裂行为的影响.结果表明:涂层后材料的弯曲强度和最大断裂位移明显增大.未涂层C/C复合材料的平均弯曲强度为172.4MPa,而涂层后C/C复合材料的平均弯曲强度为239.8MPa,弯曲强度提高了39.1%.涂层试样强度的提高主要与制备过程中部分蒸气扩散渗透反应引起的界面强化及SiC颗粒的增强作用有关.此外,涂层后材料的断裂模式未发生明显转变,断裂过程中试样表现出一定的假塑性和韧性断裂特征.     

A Review of Thermoplastic Composites Vapour Permeability Models: Applicability for Barrier Dispersion Coatings

One of the purposes of thermoplastic composites films and barrier dispersion coatings is to minimize the permeation of gases. In both cases, fillers and other additives are added during the film preparation to improve barrier properties. A high level of understanding has resulted from the study of the interaction between filler and polymer phases of thermoplastic composites, and a number of models have been developed to predict the relative permeability of these materials. However, barrier dispersion coatings have not been modelled in this way. The aim of this review was to discuss similarities and differences of thermoplastic composites and barrier dispersion coatings that may influence the applicability of the models for barrier dispersion coatings applied to paper‐based materials. The models were developed as a function of the amount of fillers added in thermoplastic composites films and geometrical characteristics of the fillers such as size, thickness, shape and the distribution of fillers in the film. Two‐ and three‐dimensional models with oriented and random arrangement of fillers were presented. Due to the parallel orientation and the similar length and width of fillers used in barrier dispersion coatings, three‐dimensional models were more suitable to predict relative permeability. These models assumed plate‐ or circular‐shaped fillers with parallel orientation. In order to prove the models, experimental information was required. Very limited data for barrier dispersion coatings with varying the amount of fillers have been reported in the literature. For this reason, further experiments are required under varied combinations of aspect ratio and the volume fraction of fillers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improvement in mechanical properties of recycled GF prepreg with CNT reinforced composites using a spray coating method

Dispersion and shape of nanoparticles, as well as interfacial conditions, add significantly to difficulties in composite manufacture. In the work reported here, an innovative method of recycling composites using out-of-date prepreg was investigated in which the carbon nanotube (CNT) on the prepreg was optimally coated. Nanocomposites utilizing the out-of-date prepreg were coated with CNT and fabricated by a sheet molding method. CNT nanofillers were observed to be uniformly dispersed on epoxy prepreg by spray coating. The mechanical and interfacial properties of these CNT coated nanocomposites were improved over those of more conventionally manufactured carbon fiber/epoxy composites. The CNT nanofillers were embedded at the epoxy and fiber interface, as a result of etching of the epoxy prepreg surface by a CNT dispersion solution which enhanced interfacial reactivity.     

吡咯浓度对聚吡咯涂层棉复合材料吸波性能的影响

随着手机、电脑、电视等广泛应用于生活和工作中,电磁辐射日益严重,而电磁辐射危害人体健康且影响精密电子设备的运行.为了解决上述问题,以棉机织物为基布,以吡咯为单体,采用原位聚合法制备具有良好吸波性能的柔性聚吡咯涂层棉复合材料,探讨了吡咯浓度对复合材料介电常数实部、虚部、损耗角正切、表面电阻的影响,并对其外观形貌进行了研究.研究表明:吡咯浓度对聚吡咯涂层棉复合材料介电常数实部、虚部、损耗角正切、表面电阻影响较大;吡咯浓度为0.6 mol/L时,聚吡咯涂层棉复合材料的介电常数实部和虚部均最大,吡咯浓度为0.4 mol/L时,聚吡咯涂层棉复合材料损耗角正切值最大.     

ZrB2-SiC/(C/C)复合涂层材料微观结构与静态氧化特性

采用涂刷法在C/C复合材料表面制备了ZrB₂-SiC复合涂层,采用XRD和SEM分析了涂层的相组成和微观结构,并研究了ZrB₂-SiC/（C/C）复合涂层材料在1 200℃和1 500℃的静态氧化性能。结果表明:ZrB₂-SiC涂层结构致密,无明显的孔洞和裂纹;涂层有效改善了材料的抗氧化性能,经1 200℃静态氧化60 min后,ZrB₂-SiC/（C/C）复合涂层材料失重率仅为2.4%,1 500℃时失重率增大至15%,小于无涂层保护的C/C复合材料（~35%）。ZrB₂-SiC/（C/C）复合涂层材料氧化后,形成了含有ZrO₂等高熔点颗粒的玻璃态SiO₂氧化膜,能够有效抑制氧的扩散,从而提高了C/C复合材料抗氧化性能。      

Haemocompatibility and ion exchange capability of nanocellulose polypyrrole membranes intended for blood purification

Composites of nanocellulose and the conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) are presented as candidates for a new generation of haemodialysis membranes. The composites may combine active ion exchange with passive ultrafiltration, and the large surface area (about 80 m² g⁻¹) could potentially provide compact dialysers. Herein, the haemocompatibility of the novel membranes and the feasibility of effectively removing small uraemic toxins by potential-controlled ion exchange were studied. The thrombogenic properties of the composites were improved by applying a stable heparin coating. In terms of platelet adhesion and thrombin generation, the composites were comparable with haemocompatible polymer polysulphone, and regarding complement activation, the composites were more biocompatible than commercially available membranes. It was possible to extract phosphate and oxalate ions from solutions with physiological pH and the same tonicity as that of the blood. The exchange capacity of the materials was found to be 600 ± 26 and 706 ± 31 μmol g⁻¹ in a 0.1 M solution (pH 7.4) and in an isotonic solution of phosphate, respectively. The corresponding values with oxalate were 523 ± 5 in a 0.1 M solution (pH 7.4) and 610 ± 1 μmol g⁻¹ in an isotonic solution. The heparinized PPy–cellulose composite is consequently a promising haemodialysis material, with respect to both potential-controlled extraction of small uraemic toxins and haemocompatibility.     

C/C复合材料Ta2O5-TaC/SiC抗氧化抗烧蚀涂层研究

采用包埋法和低压化学气相沉积(CVD)法在碳/碳(C/C)复合材料表面依次制备了Ta2O5-TaC内涂层和SiC外涂层,用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及电子能谱(EDS)对涂层的相组成、微观形貌和元素组成进行了分析,研究了涂覆涂层后C/C复合材料在1 500℃静态空气中的防氧化性能及在氧-乙炔烧蚀中的抗烧蚀性能。结果表明:采用两步法制得的Ta2O5-TaC/SiC复合涂层结构致密,该复合涂层有效提高了C/C复合材料的抗氧化和抗烧蚀性能;Ta2O5-TaC/SiC复合涂层在1 500℃静态空气环境下可对C/C复合材料有效保护100 h以上;涂层试样在氧乙炔烧蚀环境中烧蚀60 s表明涂层可将C/C复合材料的线烧蚀率降低47.07%,质量烧蚀率降低29.20%。     

热压制备碳化硼涂层碳纤维增强碳化硅复合材料

采用聚对亚苯基硼的甲苯溶液为前驱体,并制得碳纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料,初步探索了该工艺的可行性,同时对复合材料的结构与性能进行了表征。结果表明,所采用的碳纤维碳化硼涂层对复合材料的性能有很大的影响。