凝胶-发泡法制备多孔氧化铝隔热材料的研究

结合凝胶注模和发泡法制备了多孔氧化铝隔热材料,研究了发泡剂用量、固相含量和烧结温度等对氧化铝陶瓷气孔率的影响.结果表明,当发泡剂用量为1 wt％、固相含量为45vol％、烧结温度为1500℃时,可制备出总气孔率和闭气孔率高、孔径较小且分布均匀、强度高和热导率低的多孔氧化铝陶瓷.     

凝胶注模成形空心叶片用氧化铝陶瓷型芯性能研究

采用凝胶注模成形方法制备氧化铝陶瓷型芯材料,研究其气孔率、体积密度和室温抗弯强度随固相体积含量和烧结温度的变化规律。结果表明,在所研究的固相含量范围内,随着固相含量的不断增加,氧化铝陶瓷型芯的气孔率逐渐减小,体积密度和抗弯强度逐渐增大。在所研究的烧结温度范围内,随着烧结温度的不断升高,氧化铝陶瓷型芯的气孔率逐渐减小,体积密度和抗弯强度逐渐增大。当固相含量为50vol.%,在1 300℃烧结后,型芯样品的抗弯强度为13.3 MPa;在1 600℃烧结后,型芯样品的抗弯强度增加到57.6 MPa。     

先驱体合成法制备PMN-PT弛豫铁电体及其表征

采用先驱体合成法,以氧化物为原料制备了钙钛矿结构的(1-x)PMN—xPT弛豫铁电陶瓷粉末,研究了预烧温度以及PbTiO3固溶量等工艺参数对样品的相结构的影响．结果表明,随预烧温度升高,PMN—PT钙钛矿相含量增加,但温度过高,由于PbO的挥发钙钛矿相又减少;增加PbTiO3也可使钙钛矿相含量增加．     

氧化铝陶瓷型芯凝胶成型因素研究

溶胶-凝胶成型是制备成分均匀、结构复杂陶瓷型芯最理想的成型工艺。以降低浆料粘度和提高固相含量为研究方向,从不同固相含量、颗粒度、添加剂对型芯性能的影响进行分析,以及研究pH值对浆料流动性的影响,并制备出固相含量为58%、动力粘度为0.46MPa.s的氧化铝陶瓷浆料,其成型后坯体湿强度可达约34MPa,完全满足后续加工要求。     

大尺寸轻型碳化硅质反射镜素坯的凝胶注模成型

利用凝胶注模成型工艺制各了大尺寸轻型碳化硅(SiC)质反射镜素坯.讨论了SiC的颗粒级配、固相含量对浆料性能的影响以及催化剂、引发剂、浆料温度对凝胶时间的影响.结果表明:最佳分散条件下固相含量为65%的SiC水基浆料具备良好的流动性,适于进行凝胶注模成型;引发剂加入量为20 mmol/L浆料,与催化剂的摩尔比为5:1,浆料温度降到15℃时,凝胶时间能够满足注模及成型所需.最终测试了反应烧结后SiC陶瓷的性能.     

锶铁氧体胶态振动注模成形技术研究

通过絮凝、振动脱水工艺处理,获得固相体积分数达50%的锶铁氧体浆料,实现了高质量锶铁氧体坯体的胶态振动注模成形.分析了工艺条件对成形过程及样品质量的影响.实验表明:胶态注模成形比凝胶注模成形需要加入更多的单体与交联剂才能得到坯体强度相当的坯体;烧成后的锶铁氧体的剩余磁感应强度为420 mT,矫顽力H_(cb)为270 kA/m,最大磁能积(BH)_(max)为34 kJ/m~3.     

固溶-时效对粉末成形TC4钛合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了固溶温度、冷却方式以及时效温度对粉末成形TC4钛合金相组成、微观组织以及力学性能的影响,分析了固溶-时效热处理过程中微观组织变化及析出强化机制。结果表明,在两相区固溶处理,随固溶温度的升高,初生α相含量不断减少;单相区固溶处理后,初生α相全部溶解,析出相呈片层状;固溶时采用水冷可获得α+α′组织,时效过程中马氏体分解形成的次生弥散相实现合金强化。粉末成形TC4钛合金经950℃/1 h/WQ+500℃/4 h/AC热处理后,综合性能匹配良好,抗拉强度为1231 MPa,屈服强度为1126 MPa,延伸率为10.75%。     

固溶温度对电子束熔丝成形TC17合金组织与性能的影响

研究了固溶温度对电子束熔丝成形TC17钛合金组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:电子束熔丝成形TC17钛合金为柱状晶组织,柱状晶沿堆积高度方向生长,在柱状晶内部为细小的(α+β)板条构成的网篮状组织。随固溶温度升高,(α+β)→β转变更加充分,初生α相含量减少,初生α相含量和形态对材料的塑性有较大影响,因此塑性降低,强度上升。     

固溶处理对选区激光熔化双相不锈钢组织及性能的影响

通过设计和优化双相不锈钢激光选区熔化(SLM)成形工艺,制得了高精度、低缺陷密度的(21.98wt%Cr-5.37wt%Ni-3.13wt%Mo-1.95wt%Mn)双相不锈钢,进一步研究了不同固溶处理温度对其显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明,通过对不同工艺参数SLM成形试样的研究,得到最佳SLM工艺参数：激光功率275 W,激光扫描速度700 mm/s,扫描间距80μm,铺粉层厚50μm。固溶处理能有效地调控SLM成形双相不锈钢的相组成及比例,试样中奥氏体含量均较打印态试样大幅提高。较低温度固溶处理会导致脆性σ相在晶界处析出,大幅削弱试样的塑性。当固溶温度升高到1020℃及以上时,σ相消失。更高的固溶处理温度又会使晶粒粗化,既降低试样的强度又损害塑性。1020℃固溶处理试样中可获得接近平衡的双相组织,此时抗拉强度为868 MPa,伸长率达到35.0%。     

十六烷基硫酸钠制备Al_2O_3泡沫陶瓷及性能研究

首次以长链表面活性剂十六烷基硫酸钠对氧化铝陶瓷粉体进行修饰,用固相含量(质量分数)为8%~40%的浆料经搅拌发泡制备了颗粒稳定泡沫,常温常压干燥后在1550℃下烧结2 h,得到容重76~355 kg/m~3(气孔率91.1%~98.1%)的轻质氧化铝泡沫陶瓷。研究了p H、十六烷基硫酸钠浓度及浆料固相含量对氧化铝泡沫浆料稳定性以及泡沫陶瓷性能的影响。通过加入质量分数0.2%~1.0%PVA制备稳定泡沫浆料同时有效地提高了干燥泡沫坯体的强度。     

初始浆料中固相含量对莫来石多孔陶瓷显微结构和性能的影响

以叔丁醇为溶剂,采用凝胶注模工艺制备莫来石多孔陶瓷,研究不同固相含量对莫来石多孔陶瓷的显微结构、气孔率、气孔尺寸及分布、压缩强度和室温热导率的影响。实验结果表明,莫来石多孔陶瓷的气孔率和开气孔率分别在54.9%~61.2%和50.8~55.5%;气孔分布均匀且呈单峰分布,气孔孔径为2.34~3.52μm;在相同的烧结制度下,固相含量升高,莫来石多孔陶瓷的收缩率变小,气孔率降低,压缩强度和热导率明显升高,最高强度达59.5MPa,最低热导率为0.408W/m·K。     

基于RE的电磨铝合金外壳模具CAD/CAM

介绍应用RE(Reverse Engineering,逆向工程)技术,对电磨铝合金外壳样件先进行激光扫描,获得表面三维点云数据,在此基础上采用逆向工程软件对点云数据进行处理,再用三维CAD/CAM软件进行电磨外壳模型的三维实体模型重建,并自动生成NC加工程序,最后用加工中心加工出模具型腔.较好地解决了具有复杂曲面外形零件的模具设计与加工问题.     

Copper base materials prepared by gel-casting process

Gel-casting process was developed as a new molding process in the field of copper base powder metallurgy to manufacture metal parts with excellent performance and complex shapes.Through changing the parameters of gel-casting process,such as dispersant and solid loading,the corresponding effects on the rheology of Cu slurries,molding and sintering behaviors were studied.The results show that the viscosity of Cu slurries was significantly reduced with an increase in dispersant.The most appropriate solid loading was found to be 61% and the sintering temperature was 910℃ in these experiments.After the optimization of parameters of gel-casting process,copper composite parts with relatively high density and better properties were obtained.     

Microstructure and texture evolution in gel-cast α-alumina/alumina platelet ceramic composites

Highly textured alumina ceramics have been fabricated by an alginate-based, aqueous gel-casting process. It has been shown that the fine-grained α-alumina matrix can be transformed into a single-phase and highly c-axis textured alumina by gel-casting with the addition of a small amount of alumina platelets, with the strongest texture derived from 9.1 vol.% of the seed platelets in the gelled precursor tape.     

Failure of Alumina Scales on NiAl under graded scale loading

The fracture-mechanical behaviour of alumina scales on NiAl has been investigated under a graded scale loading produced by four-point bending and spherical indentation. Typical crack and spallation patterns of oxide scales on the side face of bending bars and near spherical indents are presented. The development of crack patterns in the scale is analysed theoretically and the possibility of deriving the oxide fracture toughness and tensile strength from the patterns for known graded scale loading is discussed. The analysis has been complemented by stress measurements in the scale by means of optical fluorescence spectroscopy employing the piezo-spectroscopic effect.     

冷冻-凝胶成形法制备定向通孔氧化铝陶瓷

由叔丁醇、氧化铝、丙烯酰胺组成的20%(体积分数,下同)陶瓷浆料,在温度梯度的诱导下,用冷冻-凝胶成形法制备了具有定向通孔结构的氧化铝陶瓷坯体.经过烧结后,制备出了高孔隙率、高强度的定向通孔陶瓷,50%气孔率的陶瓷体具有110 MPa的轴向压缩强度.还研究了距离冷端不同位置孔隙的孔径、开孔率变化规律.     

高强度多孔氮化硅陶瓷的制备及性能研究

以氮化硅为原料,以叔丁醇为溶剂,采用凝胶注模成型工艺和无压烧结工艺,制备出具有高强度和高气孔率的多孔氮化硅陶瓷。在浆料中初始固相含量固定为10vol%的基础上,研究烧结温度和保温时间对多孔氮化硅陶瓷材料的气孔率、孔径尺寸分布、物相组成及显微结构的影响,分析抗弯强度与结构之间的关系。结果表明,通过改变烧结温度和保温时间,可制备气孔率63.3%~68.1%的多孔氮化硅陶瓷;气孔尺寸呈单峰分布,平均孔径为0.97~1.42μm;抗弯强度随烧结温度提高或保温时间延长单调增大,在1750℃保温1.5h下达到最大值(74.2±8.8)MPa。     

Fabrication of SiC bodies by optimized gel-casting method

In this research, acrylate gel maker monomers Mathacrylamide (MAM) and Methylenebisacrylamide (MBAM) were used through a gel casting process to fabricate SiC bodies. Investigation of rheological behavior of suspensions showed that optimum amount of surfactant (Tetramethylammonium hydroxide) was equaled with 0.7 wt% of ceramic powders and ceramic powders could be added up to 37 vol% of solvent without any problems in casting. The effects of monomers content, monomers ratio and also solid loading on gelation time, bending strength of samples were investigated. Results showed that increasing the monomers content (MAM + MBAM) and ceramic solid loading led to the reduction of gelation time. Also alteration of these parameters resulted in variation of samples bending strength from ~6 MPa to 19 MPa, the best strength was obtained in the sample containing 35 wt% monomers with the MAM/MBAM ratio of 3 and 35 vol% SiC. Finally the samples containing different amounts of SiC were casted according to the pre-determined optimum parameters and after being dried they were sintered at 2150 °C for 1 h. According to the results, the highest density, Young's modulus, hardness and indentation fracture resistance were obtained in sample containing 37 vol% SiC and were equaled with 96.89%, 499.24 GPa, 27.51 GPa and 6.3 MPa·m^1/2, Respectively. Microstructural studies showed that cleavage fracture planes, crack deflection and branching were the most important mechanisms on toughness enhancement.     

管件设计与成形领域的数字化技术

针对现代管件设计及加工制造的特点与需求,以几个国外管件CAD/CAE/CAM软件为例,介绍了当前数字化技术在管件设计、管材弯曲、激光切割以及管形测试等管材成形领域的典型应用。     

典型薄壁铝件的数控加工工艺

介绍了典型薄壁铝件的机加工方法及加工工艺方案的确定,并以薄壁铝件的数控加工工艺为例,结合自己多年的铝件加工经验,总结了该种薄壁铝件铣削加工工序的编制,希望对工程技术人员有一定的帮助和借鉴作用。