有机半导体/金属杂化纳米结构中的强耦合相互作用及超快动力学特性

有源表面等离光子学(active plasmonics)是目前表面等离子体光子学研究的一个重要分支,其基本思想是利用“增益”物质和纳米金属结构相结合形成杂化金属纳米结构,从而克服表面等离子体激元(surface plasmon polariton,SPP)的耗散问题以及实现对SPP光子的外部操作和调制。本文主要针对有机半导体/金属杂化纳米结构,介绍其相关研究结果。结合色散补偿的光谱相干法和超快泵浦-探测瞬态光谱测量技术,分析了J-凝聚/光栅杂化金属纳米结构的静态和瞬态光学特性,揭示了X-SPP的强耦合过程中的相干和非相干相互作用通道,杂化能态的sub/super-radiance现象,以及有机半导体染料中的激子和SPP之间的瞬态相干能量交换过程：“拉比”振荡。实现了10 fs量级的SPP光学特性的外部相干调制。

     

粪菌低温保存的研究进展

肠道菌群在人类和动物的健康方面起着越来越重要的作用,而粪便样本的保存质量对研究结果有直接影响。本文归纳了粪菌保存的主要作用,介绍了低温保存的机制,总结粪菌的保存方法,包括冷冻保存、冷冻干燥保存、冷藏保存和其他非低温保存方式,表明在-80 ℃下冷冻的样本具有较稳定的DNA和微生物群落,提出添加有效的低温保护剂能阻止冰晶形成,提高粪菌活性。探讨了影响样本保存效果的主要因素,并对未来具有可行性的新方法进行展望。     

X80管线钢在含硫酸盐还原菌的土壤环境中的应力腐蚀开裂行为研究进展

X80管线钢因具有高强度、高韧性、抗脆断等性能,已成为现代油气运输中应用最为广泛的钢材之一。X80管线钢在埋地土壤环境中不可避免地受到应力和SRB(Sulfate-reducing bacteria)的共同作用,近年来有关X80管线钢在含SRB的土壤环境中的应力腐蚀开裂已成为一个研究重点。综述了应力腐蚀开裂和SRB腐蚀的影响因素,总结了关于应力和SRB协同作用对X80管线钢腐蚀行为影响的研究现状,分析了现行研究的缺陷和不足,并针对这些问题对今后的研究进行了展望。     

A Quantitative Bacteria Monitoring and Killing Platform Based on Electron Transfer from Bacteria to a Semiconductor

A platform with both bacteria killing and sensing capabilities is crucial for monitoring the entire bacteria-related process on biomaterials and biomedical devices. Electron transfer (ET) between the bacteria and a Au-loaded semiconductor (ZnO) is observed to be the primary factor for effective bacteria sensing and fast bacteria killing. The electrons produce a saturation current that varies linearly with the bacteria number, semi-logarithmically, with R² of 0.98825, thus providing an excellent tool to count bacteria quantitatively in real-time. Furthermore, ET leads to continuous electron loss killing of about 80% of Escherichia coli in only 1 h without light. The modularity and extendability of this ET-based platform are also demonstrated by the excellent results obtained from other semiconductor/substrate systems and the stability is confirmed by recycling tests. The underlying mechanism for the dual functions is not due to conventional attributed Zn²⁺ leaching or photocatalysis but instead electrical interactions upon direct contact. The results reveal the capability of real-time detection of bacteria based on ET while providing information about the antibacterial behavior of ZnO-based materials especially in the early stage. The concept can be readily incorporated into the design of smart and miniaturized devices that can sense and kill bacteria simultaneously.     

A review of the size of the energy gap in superconducting oxides

An attempt has been made to summarize a large body of data dealing with measurements of the energy gap in superconducting oxides like La_2–x Sr _x CuO_4–y , YBa₂Cu₃O_7–y , and related compounds. A plot of available data of the energy gap 2 as a function of the superconducting transition temperatureT _c revealed a large dispersion of some data from 2/k _B T _c =3.53 for the weak coupling BCS prediction. Nevertheless, we could conclude that the size of the energy gap in these exotic materials is within the weak coupling BCS prediction, in view of some controversial issues that could be responsible for the dispersion, such as the gap anisotropy as well as identification of the energy gap.     

含柔性链大分子偶联剂对SF/PP木塑复合材料结构和性能的影响

合成含柔性链段的大分子偶联剂,以此作为剑麻纤维(SF)/聚丙烯(PP)木塑复合材料的界面相容剂,研究其对复合材料力学性能、热性能、晶态结构和微观结构的影响,提出复合材料界面增容的机理。实验结果表明,经含柔性链段大分子偶联剂表面处理SF后,复合材料的界面相容性得到显著改善,冲击强度可达22.08kJ/m2,比未经偶联剂处理的复合材料提高了49.4%;热稳定性和PP相的结晶速率及结晶度有所提高,晶态结构无变化,仍是典型的α晶型。     

质粒pMC73A在宿主细菌中的稳定性研究

针对基因工程菌在农业生产应用上的安全性问题，对质粒ｐＭＣ７３Ａ在宿主细菌ＮＧ１３中的稳定性进行了研究。试验结果表明：质粒ｐＭＣ７３Ａ在宿主细菌中是不稳定的。在宿主细菌连续繁殖过程中，质粒ｐＭＣ７３Ａ随宿主细菌的繁殖而发生缺失，当宿主细菌繁殖７０代时，质粒ｐＭＣ７３Ａ的缺失超过５０％；宿主细菌繁殖约１２０代，质粒ｐＭＣ７３Ａ的缺失几乎达到１００％。     

A Hierarchical 3D Nanostructured Microfluidic Device for Sensitive Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria

Efficient capture and rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria from body fluids lead to early diagnostics of bacterial infections and significantly enhance the survival rate. We propose a universal nano/microfluidic device integrated with a 3D nanostructured detection platform for sensitive and quantifiable detection of pathogenic bacteria. Surface characterization of the nanostructured detection platform confirms a uniform distribution of hierarchical 3D nano‐/microisland (NMI) structures with spatial orientation and nanorough protrusions. The hierarchical 3D NMI is the unique characteristic of the integrated device, which enables enhanced capture and quantifiable detection of bacteria via both a probe‐free and immunoaffinity detection method. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate probe‐free capture of pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) and immunocapture of methicillin‐resistant‐Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Our device demonstrates a linear range between 50 and 10⁴ CFU mL^?1, with average efficiency of 93% and 85% for probe‐free detection of E. coli and immunoaffinity detection of MRSA, respectively. It is successfully demonstrated that the spatial orientation of 3D NMIs contributes in quantifiable detection of fluorescently labeled bacteria, while the nanorough protrusions contribute in probe‐free capture of bacteria. The ease of fabrication, integration, and implementation can inspire future point‐of‐care devices based on nanomaterial interfaces for sensitive and high‐throughput optical detection.     

硫酸盐还原菌对海底泥中Al-Zn-In-Mg-Ti阳极的腐蚀影响

通过电化学交流阻抗(EIS)、扫描电镜(SEM)和表面能谱(EDS)等方法测试A1-Zn-In-Mg-Ti牺牲阳极在不含和含硫酸盐还原菌(Sulphate Reducing Bacteria,SRB)两种海泥中的腐蚀行为,研究海泥中SRB对其腐蚀行为的影响.电化学研究表明:试样在不含SRB海泥中的腐蚀电位一直高于在含S...     

含钙照相明胶的物理性能与结构特征研究

照相明胶中加入钙,导致其胶冻强度与粘度下降。X射线衍射资料表明:随着照相明胶中加钙量增加,明胶蛋白结构的局部有序性减低。钙使照相明胶结构与分子间力发生改变,这可能是影响照相明胶物理力学性能,使其胶冻强度和粘度降低的重要原因。     

A Unified and Asymptotically Exact Theory of Superconductivity from Weak to Strong Coupling in an Electron–Phonon Model

Since the discovery of MgB₂, fundamental studies of the electronphonon mechanism have received intense interest. In this paper, starting from an electron–phonon model Hamiltonian, the third formalism of quantum statistics, and a diagonalization theorem, a unified and asymptotically exact theory of superconductivity is developed. The results are compared with those of McMillan, Allen and Dynes and experimental data. It is shown that the new results are in very good agreement with the experimental data. The unified theory has no extra assumptions and also supplies an exactly soluble example of the third formalism of quantum statistics. The T_c of MgB₂ is at a unified T_c line, the reason for the vacuum fluctuation mechanism are also discussed.     

弹性结构封闭空间有源消声理论研究

本文从理论上研究了外力激励弹性结构条件下封闭空间有源消声问题。首先根据声弹性理论,提出分步代入法求解初、次级声场,然后以封闭矩形和圆柱空间为例,研究了不同介质条件下有源消声规律。结果表明:对于弹性结构封闭空间有源消声,当结构-声腔耦合较弱时,次级声源基本上只能抵消声腔模态;当结构-声腔耦合较强时,次级声源不仅能抵消声腔模态,而且对抵消与声腔模态耦合良好的结构模态辐射声也有作用。