共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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以水包油型油水乳化液分离为背景,以多孔管状炭膜为载体,以高岭土、ZrO2和Al2O3三种微米级无机颗粒为涂膜材料,对亲水性无机动态膜的制备进行初步的实验研究。实验采用错流操作方式在膜管内表面涂覆动态膜,考察涂膜过程中渗透通量随时间的变化,研究涂膜颗粒种类、载体平均孔径、制备操作压力、错流速度、涂膜液温度及涂膜液中阳离子浓度对动态膜结构及制备过程渗透通量的影响。实验结果表明,高岭土和ZrO2微米级颗粒是较适宜的炭膜基动态膜涂膜材料,且两种动态膜的渗透通量均随载体平均孔径的增大而增大、随操作压力和涂膜液温度的提高而提高;对高岭土动态膜的研究发现,其渗透通量随错流速度的增大而提高;对ZrO2动态膜的研究发现,其渗透通量随涂膜液中阳离子浓度的增大先减小后增大。 相似文献
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以煤基炭膜为基膜,以ZrO2为涂膜颗粒,在实验研究的基础上对错流微滤过程中沉积颗粒进行受力分析,分别建立径向颗粒的可能沉积临界粒径模型、轴向上颗粒的可能移动临界粒径模型和圆周方向的颗粒可能滚动临界粒径模型。并以温度、错流速率、渗透通量为主要影响参数,分别对3种临界粒径模型进行模拟研究,探讨颗粒沉积机理。结果表明,压力增大(渗透通量提高)、温度降低以及错流速度降低,都可增大动态膜层厚度;由于净重力的影响,在水平膜管内圆周方向动态膜膜层厚度分布不均匀通过增加错流速率可明显减小此种差异;模拟结果与实验结果的一致性证实了所建模型的可靠性。 相似文献
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以多孔管式炭膜为载体制备二氧化钛动态膜并开展动态膜分离油水乳化液的研究,考察了载体孔径对动态膜的截留率和稳定渗透通量的影响。实验结果表明,动态膜处理油水乳化液的截留率在98%以上,渗透液浓度低于8.3mg·L-1,达到国家环保排放要求;稳定渗透通量随载体孔径的增大先减小后增大。在实验基础上,提出了动态膜稳定渗透通量衰减率(FDR)的概念,并将FDR的变化趋势与动态膜类型进行关联研究。分析发现,FDR随载体孔径的增大先增大后减小,动态膜由完全堵塞过滤型过渡为中间堵塞过滤型;用中间堵塞过滤型动态膜过滤油水乳化液时,随着载体孔径的增大,渗透通量衰减变缓。 相似文献
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颗粒体系错流过滤过程的数学模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以流体力学理论为基础,通过颗粒在水溶液中的受力分析,结合早期的阻塞过滤模型和近期的滤层过滤模型,建立了一种新的颗粒体系错流过滤过程的数学模拟方法,在该模拟过程中同时考虑了膜孔径和颗粒大小两种分布,并对具有相同平均孔径而孔分布不同的情形对膜渗透通量的影响进行了模似,经实验验证,模拟结果与实验值能够较好地吻合。 相似文献
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研究了纳米镍粉体在无机陶瓷平板膜面上的静态吸附和错流过滤过程中的动态沉积行为.实验考察了纳米镍悬浮液浓度、温度、时间、陶瓷膜孔径等操作条件对纳米镍吸附行为的影响,测定了纳米镍在膜面上的静态吸附和动态沉积数据.研究结果表明,纳米镍在膜表面的静态吸附符合Langmuir等温方程,纳米镍的吸附量随着时间和浓度的增加先迅速增加而后缓慢上升并趋于稳定;在错流过滤过程中,随着料液浓度,过滤时间的增加,纳米镍的沉积量迅速增加,导致膜通量降低.对平均粒径为60 nm的镍粉过滤,孔径为0.3~0.8 μm的陶瓷膜较为合适,此时膜面上镍的吸附量小,渗透通量高. 相似文献
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以错流外压方式在陶瓷膜管外壁面制备高岭土预涂动态膜,讨论了跨膜压差、涂膜液浓度、错流速度及操作温度对膜通量、涂膜量及吸附层与动态膜层阻力比的影响。结果表明:高错流速度下形成的动态膜层较密实,适合处理含细小颗粒物的废水;高压跨膜差下涂膜容易造成基膜的污染;低跨膜压差及高涂膜液浓度下需要较长的涂膜时间,跨膜压差在0.15~0.25MPa范围内较适宜;低涂膜液浓度下形成的动态膜层较薄,抗污染性能较差,涂膜液质量浓度在0.3~0.4g/L下较合适;升高温度易使高岭土颗粒物向陶瓷膜管外壁面沉积和孔内扩散,其中较大高岭土颗粒物更容易向陶瓷管外壁面沉积,形成较松散的动态膜层。 相似文献
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优化设计制备动态膜及其对印染废水的深度处理 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以陶瓷膜为载体,高岭土为涂膜材料制备用于深度处理印染废水的动态膜,采用正交试验设计,考察动态膜制备的影响因素对出水通量和COD去除率的影响大小,通过方差分析,对制备条件进行优化,得出性能较佳的动态膜制备条件为涂膜粒径6000目.涂膜浓度0.7g/L,涂膜时问30min,跨膜压差0.1MPa,错流速度1m/s。再考察了运行条件对渗透通量和COD去除率的影响,确定了合适的运行条件为操作压力0.10MPa,错流速度1.5m/s。用动态膜深度处理的印染废水可以回用于水质要求不高的印染前工序或车间冲洗水等。 相似文献
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《分离科学与技术》2012,47(12):1689-1697
The tubular membrane filtration system is widely applied to solid-liquid separation processes. Any improvements to the filtration module would increase separation efficiency, thus reducing operating costs. In this experiment, PMMA powder with an average particle diameter of 0.8 µm was filtered by a ceramic tubular membrane with an average pore size of 0.2 µm, and the impacts of the operating variables, such as suspension concentration, the filtration pressure, and the crossflow velocity on the permeate flux were discussed. In order to understand the increased permeate flux, the proposed module is comparable to the tubular membrane filtration module, but with an additional side stream under the same filtration mass flow rate. In addition, variations of shear force on the membrane surface are analyzed by CFD simulation, and the influence of backwash operations on the permeate flux is discussed. The results show that the side stream membrane filtration increased the shear force on the membrane surface, reduced fouling on the membrane surface, and increased the permeate flux. Furthermore, a backwash operation with a side stream flow channel could effectively clean the particles deposited in the module, thus, increasing the permeate flux. 相似文献
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Hongzhan Di Gregory J. O. Martin Dave E. Dunstan 《Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering》2021,15(3):552-561
Particle deposition during crossflow filtration is significantly influenced by the operating conditions, in particular the permeate flux and crossflow velocity. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge about how deposit layer structures and distributions depend on operating parameters. This study uses a microfluidic visualisation filtration system to examine the influence of operating conditions on the deposition process during crossflow ultrafiltration from a microscopic perspective. Increasing the permeate flux caused an increasing amount of deposition and a thicker deposit layer. Higher crossflow velocities reduced the extent of deposition. The degree of deposition varied over a range of operating conditions due to the altered hydrodynamic forces exerted on the particles, which can be examined by the deposition probability according to an existing model. Building on this, an empirical correlation between the deposition probability and volume of deposition as a function of filtration time was developed, which gave good agreement with experimental results. The effect of solution conditions was also involved in this correlation as a interaction energies. This could be useful for predicting the dynamic deposition process during crossflow filtration over a range of operating and solution conditions. 相似文献
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采用新型的气升式陶瓷膜过滤系统处理油田含聚采出水,通过气液两相流替代单一的液相流动,降低了陶瓷膜处理油田含聚采出水过程的能耗,系统考察了曝气孔大小、曝气量和跨膜压差对膜渗透通量的影响。结果表明,采用孔径为微米级的曝气头曝气使高压气体在多通道膜管内的分布更为均匀,进而有效抑制膜污染和浓差极化,延缓通量衰减。当曝气孔径为1 μm时,渗透通量达到最大,且曝气量从300 L·h-1增加到600 L·h-1时,通量显著增加。此外,跨膜压差对膜的渗透通量影响显著,当跨膜压差为0.4 MPa时,渗透通量最佳。陶瓷膜处理油田采出水的出水水质各方面指标数据较为稳定,达到5.1.1回注水标准。最后,计算讨论了气升式陶瓷膜过滤装置的吨水能耗。 相似文献
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《分离科学与技术》2012,47(17):2723-2747
Abstract The migration and deposition of submicron particles in laminar crossflow microfiltration is simulated by integrating the Langevin equation. The effects of operating conditions on the particle trajectories are discussed. It is found that the Brownian motion of particles plays an important role in particle migration under a smaller crossflow velocity of suspension or a smaller filtration rate. Based on the simulated trajectories of particles, the transported flux of particles arriving at the membrane surface can be estimated. The particle flux increases with an increase of filtration rate and with a decrease of particle diameter; however, the effect of crossflow velocity on the particle flux is not obvious. The forces exerted on particles are analyzed to estimate the probability of particle deposition on the membrane surface. The probability of particle deposition increases with an increase of filtration rate, with a decrease of crossflow velocity, with a decrease of particle diameter, or with an increase of zeta potential on the particle surfaces. The simulated results of packing structures of particles on the membrane surface at the initial stage of filtration show that a looser packing can be found under a larger crossflow velocity, a smaller filtration rate, or a smaller diameter of filtered particles. Crossflow micro-filtration experiments are carried out to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed theory. The deviation between the predicted and experimental data of filtration rate at the initial period of filtration is less than 10% when the Reynolds number of the suspension flow ranges from 100 to 500. 相似文献
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为了提高陶瓷膜的通量和过滤效果,采用臭氧-陶瓷膜组合工艺对水厂源水进行试验,研究了臭氧对陶瓷膜通量和过滤效果的影响。试验发现:在源水中投加臭氧可使陶瓷膜通量有一定程度的增加,且膜孔径越大其增加幅度越明显。对于10 nm陶瓷膜,臭氧投加量为1 mg.L-1时通量最大,增加约25%~30%;对于100 nm陶瓷膜,臭氧投加量5 mg.L-1时通量最大,增加约40~55%。随着臭氧投加量的增大和运行时间的延长,10 nm和100 nm陶瓷膜的出水浊度基本不受影响,出水浊度均稳定,约0.07~0.10 NTU。投加臭氧对10 nm、100 nm陶瓷膜去除源水中UV254均有一定促进作用,10 nm陶瓷膜对UV254的去除率可增加约9%~18%,100 nm陶瓷膜对UV254的去除率可增加约3%~7%。 相似文献