不同氧化条件下 Cr35 Ni45 Nb合金组织特征及其与持久寿命的关系

以Cr35Ni45Nb合金为研究对象,进行不同气氛条件下高温时效及高温持久试验,并结合扫描电镜及定量电子探针对样品表面及横截面的观察分析,系统研究不同氧化条件下Cr35Ni45Nb合金组织演变与持久寿命的关系.结果表明:随着处理时间的延长,管材边缘及内部组织均逐渐发生变化.氧化序列体现为先是在样品边界不同地点形成不连续的氧化膜,随后氧化膜连成一体形成连续氧化膜,同时贫化区也逐渐形成;由于温度波动,氧化膜破裂脱落,而在氧分压较高的时效环境中,氧化膜得不到及时修复,使得贫化区晶界中出现内氧化.此外,在空气中氧化与在真空充氩气石英管中持久试验结果表明,较薄的连续氧化膜有助于提高合金的蠕变性能,而随着高温时效时间的延长,边界贫化区逐渐形成,氧化膜破裂及内氧化的发生,使得合金的蠕变性能逐渐弱化.      

Corrosion resistance and ion dissolution of titanium with different surface microroughness

In vitro corrosion resistance and ion dissolution of commercial pure titanium with different surface microroughness are studied adopting constant potential meter and atomic absorption spectroscopy. In terms of the surface roughness, titanium samples are divided into 5 groups: smooth surface, machining surface, 2 different microroughness surfaces and macrorough surface. Each group contains three category samples under different treatments: natural oxidation (24 h exposure to air), oxidation under 400 degrees C (400 degrees C, 45 min thermal oxidation), oxidation under 700 degrees C (700 degrees C, 45 min thermal oxidation). In Hanks corrosion media, comparative studies through constant potential anode polarization curves and titanium release rates of the 5 groups of Ti samples demonstrates that oxidation under 400 degrees C best increase corrosion resistance and decrease ion release sharply, oxidation under 700 degrees C is better than natural oxidation. Ti samples with a different surface roughness all have good corrosion resistance and their corrosion resistance drop with the raising of surface roughness. Comparing with macrorough surface and machining surface, microrough surfaces have better corrosion resistance and a lower ion release rate which are similar to those of smooth surfaces. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of machining surface Ti is the lowest. It is hypothesized that surface treatment methods such as surface thermal oxidation, surface aging and so on will improve the corrosion resistance and decrease the ion release rate of rough surface effectively by increasing the thickness of surface protection film, improving its structural uniformity and facilitating the formation of ordered, compact surface protection film.     

Prediction and Analysis on Oxidation of H13 Hot Work Steel

The understanding of oxidation behaviors on H13 steel was helpful to improve the service life and performance of hot work moulds and dies. Thermal-Calc Software was performed to calculate the oxidation phases on H13 steel along with different partial oxygen pressures in the interesting temperature range of 500-700 ℃. In this range H13 steel samples were treated respectively in different atmosphere including flowing water vapor （0.2 MPa）, normal pressure air （0.1 MPa） and low pressure air （0. 001 MPa）. The different oxidation films were detected with optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The microstructures and phase constitutions of the films formed in low pressure air were similar to those of the films formed in water vapor, and obviously different to those of the films formed in normal pressure air. The oxidation mechanisms of H13 steel in different atmosphere were also discussed.     

冷轧双相钢表面氧化色形成机理与控制措施

冷轧双相钢氧化色与钢种内部Mn元素的选择性氧化现象相伴而生,氧化色严重的带钢表现出不同的电化学特性,耐蚀性较差。Mn元素的选择性氧化与闪冷段冷却风机位置氧含量密切相关,带钢出水淬槽后水的轻微残留更容易加速腐蚀反应从而加重氧化色。通过炉区退火模拟实验,验证氧含量对带钢表面状态的影响。氧含量较高时,可在带钢表面发现明显的氧化物颗粒。采用高H2冷却模式可以提高混合气体换热系数,减小冷却风机与带钢距离可明显降低冷却风机功率,减轻Mn元素在带钢表面的氧化富集,配合优化淬水槽挤干效果,可良好解决带钢表面氧化色问题。     

新型复合材料树脂耐温及抗氧化性能研究

研究了SP-2和SP-C两种新型有机和无机复合材料离子交换树脂的耐温性能和抗氧化性能。分别采用不同温度及不同浓度氧化剂对树脂进行处理,根据处理前后Cu2+交换容量的变化,分析树脂耐温、抗氧化性能。结果表明:SP-2和SP-C均具有较好的耐温性能,可在120℃以下使用;SP-2和SP-C抗氧化性能较好,尤其以SP-C为最好,SP-C在双氧水浓度为1%时仍能保持93%的交换容量。     

Effect of nickel additions on the oxidation kinetics of double titanium and chromium carbide powder

The effect of powdered nickel additions (10–33 mass %) on the oxidation kinetics of double titanium-chromium carbide produced by the method of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis, and also that of plating the synthesized carbide powder with nickel (26 mass %) was studied. The effect of nickel concentration and powder particle size on the oxidation resistance at different temperatures was different. However, it can be stated that plating the carbide powder with nickel increased its oxidation resistance at all temperatures in the range 600–1000°C, excepting 700°C. The degree of oxidation of the carbide and nickel constituents were estimated. Activation energies for the initial and parabolic stages of oxidation were determined. Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya. Nos. 1/2(411), pp. 76–82, January–February, 2000.     

Simultaneous Recrystallization and Oxidation Behavior of Mn-Containing IF Steel

 The recrystallization and oxidation of a Mn-containing interstitial free (IF) steel were investigated simultaneously using confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM) under controlled atmosphere of Ar 95% and H2 5% (in volume percent) at different temperatures. It was found that the grain boundary played a significant role in controlling recrystallization and oxidation in overall oxidation kinetics of the steel. The surface morphology was composed of two networks along the original and new grain boundaries respectively, which did not coexist. The grain boundary moved in different directions with different velocities during annealing process. The recrystallization processes were studied by CSLM motion video through observing the moving grain boundary to estimate the time for 50% recrystallization, and the activation energy for recrystallization was therefore calculated. The oxidation mechanism was discussed through comparison of the fluxes among mass transfer of water vapor, dissociation of water vapor and outward diffusion alloying elements. The results indicated that the oxidation was controlled by the mass transfer from the bulk gas to the surface, or dissociation rate, or outward diffusion of manganese, which depended on the temperature to form a grain boundary ridge or groove.     

Growth process and corrosion resistance of ceramic coatings of micro-arc oxidation on Mg-Gd-Y magnesium alloys

The regulation of ceramic coating formed by micro-arc oxidation on Mg-11Gd-1Y-0.5Zn (wt.%) magnesium alloys was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The relation of phase structure and corrosion resistance of MgO coating formed by micro-arc oxidation in different growth stages was analyzed. The results showed that the growth of coating accorded with linear regularity in the initial stage of micro-arc oxidation, which was the stage of anodic oxidation controlled ...     

Erythrocyte, plasma and substitute hemoglobins facing physiological oxidizing and reducing agents]

Oxidation of hemoglobin is constant and normal in red blood cells and in all biological media. The knowledge of the mechanisms which manage oxidation state is perhaps sufficient to treat acquired and some hereditary methemoglobinemia. But in case of transfusional treatment with hemoglobin based oxygen carrier (HBOC), some preclinical investigations on the oxidation of these products in vivo in plasma showed that our knowledge was not sufficient to understand and control all oxidations which could occur. This review analyses the literature on the different mechanisms in red blood cells and plasma by which hemoglobin autooxidizes and by which endogenous oxidizing agents or their precursors (nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide) could oxidize it. It shows the production of different radical or non-radical oxygen species during hemoglobin autooxidation and oxidation processes and the different physiological or accessory mechanisms that could prevent or reduce the various oxidizing states of hemoglobin (HbFe3+, HbFe4+) in blood. Plasma contains a few anti-oxidizing or reducing systems but it profits by antioxidizing and reducing activity from red blood cells. In blood, oxidation state of hemoglobin results from very complex phenomena and if the body struggles against methemoglobin formation to maintain oxygen transport, the oxidation of hemoglobin is sometimes useful to protect tissues against various and numerous endogenous radical or non-radical oxidizing agents. In blood, a balance between all these oxidizing and reducing mechanisms makes it possible to regulate circulating methemoglobin rate.     

Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Carbon Isothermal and Non-isothermal Oxidation in MgO-C Refractory with Different Air Flow

Today, MgO-C bricks are widely used in steel industry due to their excellent resistance to slag corrosion and thermal shock increased particularly by the carbon content. The presence of carbon makes these bricks very susceptible to oxidation, leading to a reduction of the strength and to the penetration of metal and/or slag. The aim of this paper is to investigate the processes of carbon oxidation of MgO-C commercial bricks containing 7 and 14 pct C by both isothermal and non-isothermal methods. The results show that carbon oxidation of the samples is limited by diffusion through the pores only. If the carbon content does not have a greater influence on the oxidation process at lower temperatures, then at higher temperatures the weight loss increases with increasing carbon content. Both types of commercial bricks oxidize directly in a lower temperature range and indirectly at higher temperatures. That means that the indirect oxidation does not exist alone, but is initiated by direct oxidation of carbon. Activation energy and diffusion coefficient for different bricks have been determined and compared with literature data. The results of the investigation of the non-isothermal carbon oxidation show that for one and the same final thermal state of the refractory the carbon oxidation can be essentially minimised by choosing specific heating-up rates.     

稀土Y离子注入对形成不同类型氧化膜合金的高温抗氧化性能的影响

：研究了稀土Ｙ离子注入对ＦｅＣｒ,ＦｅＣｒＡｌ及ＮｉＣｒ合金高温抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明,对于主要形成Ｃｒ２Ｏ３膜的ＦｅＣｒ和ＮｉＣｒ合金,通过离子注入Ｙ可以明显提高其高温抗氧化性能,但对形成Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜的ＦｅＣｒＡｌ合金,离子注入对合金抗氧化性能没有影响,添加稀土Ｙ则使ＦｅＣｒＡｌ合金抗氧化性能大大提高。分析了氧化前、后氧化膜结构变化,认为早期形成的Ｙ２Ｏ３膜对高温氧化时金属离子的扩散有不同的影响     

终轧温度和卷取后冷却方式对汽车大梁用钢氧化铁皮特征的影响

 以含Nb、Ti微合金的汽车大梁用钢为对象,采用热模拟试验和试制生产卷取后控制冷却试验,研究了Nb、Ti微合金的汽车大梁用钢在不同终轧温度和卷取后采用不同冷却方式下对氧化铁皮结构的影响。试验结果表明：含Nb、Ti微合金的汽车大梁用钢在820~920℃之间终轧时,氧化铁皮主要由Fe3O4层和FeO层构成,终轧温度和轧制速度综合作用因素影响氧化铁皮厚度;卷取后不同冷却方式对氧化铁皮的外层Fe2O3层、中间层(Fe3O4+Fe)层及内层少量残余的FeO结构和厚度有较大影响。     

Preparation of nanosized zinc oxide by vacuum oxidation and behaviors of impurity elements

Nanosized zinc oxide with the purity ≥99.98 was prepared with a vacuum oxidation method based on hot-dip galvanizing slag by using air as the oxygen source. The effects of reaction temperature and vacuum degree on the product morphologies were investigated, and the influences of main impurity elements in raw materials on the quality of products were evaluated under different oxidation conditions. Reaction temperature arid vacuum degree dramatically affect the product morphologies. At appropriate temperature and vacuum degree, the main products are wurtzite crystals. The crystal needles are elongated and long in length. Impurity Fe and Pb elements influence the quality of products through various patterns under different oxidation conditions. Fe remains in the products mainly relying on the mechanical entrainment of Zn vapor and the positive deviation of Fe-Zn system, while Pb is retained mainly based on the vapor pressure and the positive deviation of Pb-Zn system.     

Effect of Ce^＋ Ion Implantation upon Oxidation Resistance of Superalloy K38G

The addition of small quantities of reactive ele ments (RE) or other elements with high oxygen affini ty, usually in the order of 0 1%~0 2% mass frac tion, will result in a beneficial effect on the oxidationresistance to superalloys[1~4].A number of mechanisms have been proposed toexplain the beneficial effect of RE additions on theCr2O3 forming alloys, including physical blocking byRE ions or second phase particles at grain boundaries,pegging effect between the oxide and the …     

Influence of malonyl-CoA and palmitate concentration on rate of palmitate oxidation in rat muscle

5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) is taken up by perfused skeletal muscle and phosphorylated to form 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuraosyl-5'-monopho sph ate (analog of 5'-AMP) with consequent activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, decrease in malonyl-CoA, and increase in fatty acid oxidation. This study was designed to determine the effect of increasing levels of palmitate on the rate of fatty acid oxidation. Malonyl-CoA concentration was manipulated with AICAR at different palmitate concentrations. Rat hindlimbs were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate containing 4% bovine serum albumin, washed bovine red cells, 200 microU/ml insulin, 10 mM glucose, and different concentrations of palmitate (0. 1-1.0 mM) without or with AICAR (2.0 mM). Perfusion with medium containing AICAR was found to activate AMP-activated protein kinase in skeletal muscle, inactivate acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and decrease malonyl-CoA at all concentrations of palmitate. The rate of palmitate oxidation increased as a function of palmitate concentration in both the presence and absence of AICAR but was always higher in the presence of AICAR. These results provide additional evidence that malonyl-CoA is an important regulator of the rate of fatty acid oxidation at palmitate concentrations in the physiological range.     

Effect of Alloying Elements（Sb,B） on Recrystallization and Oxidation of Mn-Containing IF Steel

 The effects of minor alloying elements (antimony, boron) on the recrystallization and oxidation of Mn-containing interstitial free (IF) steels were investigated using confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM) under controlled atmosphere of 95% Ar and 5% H2 (volume percent) at different temperatures. The results indicated that oxidation and recrystallization were primarily controlled by the grain boundaries, which moved due to release of the stored energy or acted as the fast path diffusion of alloying elements. It was found that the addition of antimony suppressed both surface oxidation and internal oxidation, whereas boron addition accelerated surface oxidation but decreased internal oxidation. The reasons caused were that the alloying elements of antimony or boron were known to segregate on the surfaces or grain boundaries to occupy the surface adsorption sites, which were expected to be less catalytic than bare iron on the transportation of alloying elements. The recrystallization was also retarded through adding minor antimony and boron elements. The oxidation kinetics of formation of grain boundary oxides were studied through calculating the areas along grain boundaries, and it was found that the areas parabolically increased with increasing time.     

高炉用不烧Al_2O_3-C质耐火材料在不同比例的CO-CO_2混合气氛中的抗氧化性能

研究分析了高炉炉身下部用不烧 Al2 O3- C质耐火材料在不同体积比的 CO- CO2 混合气氛中的抗氧化热力学性能。在热力学分析和大量实验的基础上 ,说明了其氧化机制、建立了不烧Al2 O3- C质耐火材料的氧化动力学模型     

Cr35Ni45钢高温长期服役过程的氧化与渗碳机理

采用扫描电镜、电子探针和X射线衍射等手段对不同服役时间（原始态、1.5a和6a）Cr35Ni45乙烯裂解炉管内壁的氧化与渗碳机理进行了系统分析.结果表明:高温长时服役后炉管内壁出现了氧化层、碳化物贫化区和碳化物富集区三个区域,其氧化行为包括Cr₂O₃外氧化和SiO₂内氧化,且服役过程中外氧化膜发生反复破坏和重建;炉管服役过程的渗碳行为主要由内表面结焦引起,外氧化膜的反复破坏可以加重渗碳,但外氧化膜在破坏后能自动修复,所以服役态两个炉管的渗碳程度较轻;外氧化膜的反复破坏和重建使亚表层贫铬,导致形成碳化物的临界碳浓度增加,在内壁亚表层形成贫碳化物区,多余的碳原子在其内侧析出,形成碳化物富集区.      

连铸坯氧化行为及其对铸坯冷却降温的影响

研究掌握铸坯凝固冷却过程中氧化层的生成及其对连铸坯冷却降温的影响,对连铸工艺制度的优化、铸坯表面温度的准确监测、热装热送与轧制工艺参数的确定具有重要意义。实验测试了不同温度下45号钢连铸坯的氧化过程,在此基础上建立了铸坯表面的氧化动力学模型,并且实验研究了氧化层厚度对连铸坯冷却降温过程的影响。结果表明,在连铸坯氧化活化期内,铸坯温度越高,氧化越快,但不同温度下最终形成的表面氧化层厚度相近;铸坯氧化动力系数为exp(9.77),氧化层表观活化能为9 323.07 kJ/mol。铸坯温度与氧化层厚度及冷却时间的定量关系表明:铸坯氧化层越厚,铸坯降温越慢;氧化层厚度每增加0.1 mm,平均降温速率降低1.051℃/min。     

稀土和铬对铁基自熔合金喷涂层抗氧化性能的影响

本研究着眼于用稀土对价格低廉的铁基自熔合金粉末进行改性,以提高其抗高温氧化性能。结果表明,稀土的添加大大提高了合金涂层的高温抗氧化性能,具有较大的应用前景。同时分析了稀土提高抗氧化性的机理,认为稀土的添加改变了合金氧化过程的扩散动力学,从而改变氧化膜的形貌与粘附性,提高抗氧化能力。单纯增加铁基合金中铬的含量对合金的抗氧化性影响不明显。