生物质能的研究进展

文章介绍了生物质能的概念,概述了国内外生物质能的利用现状,阐述了生物质能转化技术的研究进展,展望了生物质能利用的发展前景。     

国内外生物质能利用技术研究进展

生物质能是可再生能源的重要组成部分,生物质能的高效开发利用,对解决能源、生态环境问题将起到十分积极的作用。为此,本文对生物质能的概念、生物质资源的特点及利用现状进行了介绍。并概述了国内外生物质能利用技术的研究现状,展望了生物质能利用的发展前景。     

生物质能的转化和利用研究

随着全球能源的紧缺和化石资源使用带来的环境污染,生物质作为重要的可再生能源之一,有着广阔的前景.作者介绍了生物质及生物质能的基本概念,综述了生物质能的4种转化技术:直接燃烧技术、固化技术、液化技术和汽化技术.并对生物质能在转化和利用中存在的问题提出了相应的解决措施.     

生物质转化利用技术的研究进展

生物质能源和石油替代产品的研究、开发和应用,是保障能源供应、减少对化石能源的依赖、解决未来能源问题的有效途径。综述了目前国内外生物质能的转化利用技术,主要包括直接燃烧技术、生化转化技术(发酵和厌氧性消化)、热化学转化技术(气化、热解)、液化技术、致密成型技术、超临界流体转化技术等;介绍了生物质转化技术的应用,包括生物质气化发电、气化制氢、热裂解制氢、发酵法生产燃料乙醇、热裂解制生物油、固化成型制固态燃料、堆肥发酵制肥料、厌氧性消化生产沼气、催化裂解生产生物燃料等。对未来的生物质能利用技术的发展进行了展望。     

生物质能的利用与发展

随着长久以来世界各地对于化石能源的无节制开采以及使用,如今,世界上的各种能源物质已经减少到一个惊人的程度。现在,人们迫切希望找到一种可以代替化石能源的方法或者其他物质能源,能够延续化石能源为我们带来的便利,作为新一代的工业能源,继续推动人类科技的发展与进步,而生物质能便是现阶段人类寻找的可以利用的一种对环境污染较小的新能源。     

国内外生物质能开发利用的研究进展

生物质能源是可再生能源的重要组成部分。介绍了生物质及生物质能,对目前生物质能的利用技术现状作了系统介绍,并对生物质能在中国的发展现状进行总结。     

生物质能发电技术应用现状及发展前景

阐述了生物质能和生物质能发电的内涵和特点,介绍了生物质能发电在国内外的开发现状,总结了当前生物质能发电的主要技术,探讨了我国在生物质能发电方面存在的主要问题及解决途径,并展望了生物质能发电在我国的应用前景.     

生物质能的开发与利用

阐述了生物质能的各种开发与利用技术,并对其开发与推广应用前景作了展望。     

生物质能的开发与利用

阐述了生物质能的各种开发与利用技术,并对其开发与推广应用前景作了展望。     

Catalytic conversion of waste biomass by hydrothermal treatment

The purpose of the work presented here is the production of liquid biofuels from wet organic waste matter in a continuous one-step catalytic process under hydrothermal conditions. The catalytic reaction of wet organic matter at near-critical water conditions (T > 300 °C, p > 22.1 MPa) is used to produce a mixture of combustible organics which can be used as liquid biofuel. In order to achieve a good product quality in a continuous one-step process, two catalysts were applied, a homogeneous potassium carbonate catalyst and a heterogeneous ZrO₂ catalyst. In addition, the reaction mixture was recirculated. The continuous flow of concentrated waste biomass feed at low flow rates and recirculation of the hot reaction mixture were the most challenging obstacles to overcome. The scale of the plant (0.1 l reactor volume) allowed for a variation of the feed, reaction temperature, and recirculation rate in order to optimise the process conditions. Still, the product quantity obtained was sufficient to perform a analytical characterisation. The experimental results confirmed the feasibility of the process. Hydrothermal treatment of waste biomass, after dewatering, resulted in a biocrude oil of high calorific value.     

Limiting the Pollutant Content in the Sewage Sludge Producer Gas through Staged Gasification

Sewage sludge gasification deals with the release of nitrogen and sulfur compounds, the main sources for pollutants during the final combustion. In order to handle these compounds, a staged gasification process is proposed. During the low‐temperature thermal treatment of the first stage, nitrogen and sulfur compounds are removed from the solid fuel. The second stage converts the remaining solid into combustible compounds through gasification reactions. The producer gas obtained during this stage is compared to the producer gas of a simple gasification. The presence of pollutant precursors was considerably diminished during the staged experiments. A successful staged gasification may eliminate the need for downstream cleanup and thus limit the energy consumption. This work proves that staged gasification may be the key to obtain energy from waste fuel, limiting the concerns about pollutants.     

生物质能源的开发前景

生物质能源与人类的生存，发展密切相关。文章就其开发途径，存在问题及展望了简要论述。     

作物秸秆能源转化技术研究进展

利用作物秸秆生产可再生能源是解决秸秆环境污染和开辟新的能量资源的重要途径之一。作物秸秆能源转化技术主要有热解气化、厌氧消化、液化、乙醇化、直接燃烧和固化等。简要介绍了我国作物秸秆的资源量及利用现状,着重对国内外作物秸秆能源转化技术的发展、研究现状及工业化应用情况进行了详细介绍。通过对各技术特点和存在问题的分析,探讨了未来发展趋势。建议加强作物秸秆液化与乙醇化技术的系统性研究以及工艺过程的开发。     

Production of high grade fuels and chemicals from catalytic pyrolysis of biomass

The potential offered by biomass and solid wastes for solving some of the world's energy problems is widely recognised. The energy in biomass may be realised either by direct use as in combustion, or by upgrading into a more valuable and usable fuel such as fuel gas, fuel oil, transport fuel or higher value products for the chemical industry. This paper is concerned with conversion and upgrading by pyrolysis and briefly describes the technologies of fast pyrolysis with particular reference to the use of catalysts in chemicals production and the use of catalytic processes in upgrading the primary pyrolysis products to higher quality and higher value fuels and chemicals. There are natural catalysts in biomass which substantially influence the production of high yielding chemicals. Removal or reinforcement of these catalysts has a dramatic effect on product yield and composition. The pyrolysis vapours can be catalytically cracked over zeolites to give aromatics and other hydrocarbon products which can be further converted into gasoline and diesel and the condensed liquid can be hydrotreated to a naphtha like product also for upgrading into transport fuels. There is, however, considerable uncertainty over the ability of the upgrading technology to be scaled up to commercial feasibility most notably in terms of catalyst performance and life. Considerably more research and development is needed to develop and prove suitable catalyst systems. There is also considerable uncertainty over the cost of upgrading in terms of capital costs, operating costs and performance and some preliminary estimates are included.     

油页岩开发利用技术研发进展

近几年,油页岩利用技术的发展引起了广泛关注,世界上许多公司研发了先进的工艺。新技术取得的进展包括用水量减少、CO2减排、能源利用效率提高,以及对地下水和周围环境的保护。本文按地表处理和原位处理技术分别介绍了目前正在研发的新型油页岩利用技术,并详细论述了欧美几家公司的工艺流程及研发进展,同时对各种新技术的优缺点进行了评价。