几种多孔介质换热元件冷态试验研究

通过对几种多孔介质换热元件进行冷态试验,得到了它们的流阻力特性,通过对汉动阻力及结构和几何参数的比较,认为以蜂窝状填充料作为热媒体对换热更有利。此外,还通过试验讨论了垃圾焚烧炉中的流动特性。     

狭缝射流冲击柱状凸形表面流动换热特性

采用数值方法研究了狭缝射流冲击柱状凸形表面的流动换热特性,通过四种湍流模型计算结果与实验数据对比,确定了湍流模型适用性.以压力梯度分布为依据,重点分析了狭缝射流沿柱状凸形表面的流动结构和边界层分离特点及柱状凸形表面的强化换热特性.结果表明:RNG k-ε和Realizable k-ε模型具有预测适应性;狭缝射流冲击至柱状凸形表面,气体沿表面运动,速度降低,并在流动下游发生边界层分离;量纲一的逆压梯度随量纲一的曲率半径(D/B)的减小而增大,使得边界层分离更早出现;驻点区域换热Nu随量纲一的曲率半径(D/B)的减小而获得增强,但流动进入下游后,D/B对换热基本无影响;压力梯度是影响狭缝射流冲击柱状凸形表面换热分布的重要因素.      

带中心扰流柱的热风炉陶瓷燃烧器的试验研究

通过模型试验研究的方法,研究了带中心扰流柱的陶瓷燃烧器的阻力特性、空煤气喷口及通道气流的特性以及燃烧器火井气流的流动特性.试验结果表明,设计开发的带中心扰流柱的热风炉陶瓷燃烧器能够满足实际生产需要.     

新型鼓泡管通道换热性能的数值分析

针对热回收领域由于积灰、阻力损失大等造成换热器换热性能差的缺点,提出了新型鼓泡换热管结构。建立周期性单元流道数值计算模型,对其换热性能进行研究,结果表明:顺排分布鼓泡时,鼓泡间距为16mm的鼓泡管换热性能最好,换热通道的阻力损失随鼓泡间距的增大而减小;鼓泡间距为16mm的换热通道,鼓泡叉排分布时的换能因子j较顺排分布时的换能因子提高30.61%,阻力特性因子f较顺排时降低了32.46%。     

顶吹熔炼炉余热锅炉数值模拟

采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型和DO辐射模型对顶吹熔炼炉余热锅炉运行工况进行数值模拟.研究了顶吹熔炼炉余热锅炉内部流场和温度场的分布,分析了各烟道段的换热趋势以及烟气流场对换热的影响,为项吹熔炼炉余热锅炉内部的传热流动研究提供依据,对分析实际工程中出现的问题有一定的指导意义.     

多排气雾冲击射流换热过程的试验研究

气雾冷却是带钢连续镀锌后的一种强化冷却方式。气雾冷却装置的设计和运行的关键是掌握气雾换热系数。采用试验方法研究了多排气雾射流冷却高温钢板的换热系数,考察了喷气流量和喷水流量对换热系数的影响。试验结果表明：喷气流量对气雾换热系数影响可以忽略;喷水流量对换热系数影响显著,在喷水流量为0.96～1.59 m^3/h时,换热系数随喷水流量的增加而明显上升,最大可达5 650 W/（m^2.K）;喷雾冷却的换热系数远大于常规喷气冷却,能有效地强化镀后冷却。     

立式连退炉快冷段氢气含量对带钢温度的影响

立式连续热处理炉快冷段混合气的氢气含量,对换热系数和带钢温度有很大的影响,体现了冷却气体物理性质与换热系数和带钢温度之间的关系。在其他条件相同而氢气含量不同的条件下,对带钢传热状态进行分析,利用冷却设备几何结构、努塞尔数与换热系数的关系,得到带钢瞬时冷却温度计算公式,为生产及工程设计提供了一定的依据。     

孔排射流冲击换热过程数值模拟研究及结构优化

运用数值仿真技术对带钢连续热处理快速冷却过程中的孔排射流冲击换热进行了三维数值模拟,主要研究了几何参数对射流冲击传热特性的影响规律。在研究的参数范围内,获得了孔排射流冲击换热装置的最优结构。分析表明:展向孔间距S2的影响最为显著,其次是流向孔间距S1,板间距H的影响作用最小。     

水流量对热轧钢板层流冷却过程对流换热系数的影响

提高带钢层流冷却控制模型的精度,关键是建立精确的对流换热系数与冷却工艺之间的关系.采用有限差分法和反向热传导法,获得了实验条件下钢板表面的对流换热系数及表面温度.研究了不同水流量(0.9~2.1 m3·h-1)对换热系数与表面温度变化规律的影响.在层流冷却过程中,对流换热系数与表面温度呈非线性关系;在距离驻点70 mm内,水流量对换热系数随表面温度变化规律没影响;远离驻点70 mm外,对流换热系数比随远离冲击区驻点距离的增加而减小.采用所确定的换热系数计算得到的温降曲线与实测曲线吻合较好.      

CW原表面通道流动和传热性能的数值模拟

CW原表面通道是目前原表面回热器商业化应用最广泛的一种传热通道,其截面形状对其性能具有重要影响。文章针对原表面回热器单元流道内的流动与传热问题进行数值分析,首先,对CW原表面回热器的不同截面形状单元体建立三维数值模型并生成网格。然后在低雷诺数(Re=50~600)范围内以周期性边界条件模拟其单元内部的流动换热情况,对2种不同波纹表面形状参数的流道内的流动与换热特性进行了数值分析,结果表明,圆形与矩形截面的换热表面的平均努塞尔数Nu都随着雷诺数Re的增加而增加,但当量摩擦系数f都呈减少的趋势;两种结构中,矩形原表面的综合性能较好。     

方坯连铸凝固传热的复合数值模拟

根据连铸机特点和铸流场特性，在拉坯方向上将整个铸流长度划分为上部计算域和下部计算域。对于铸坯温度场的数值模拟，上部计算域充分耦合钢液对流对传热的影响，采用了三维稳态流动传热耦合模型；下部计算域则将铸流场对传热的影响考虑为有效导热系数，并忽略拉坯方向上的传热效果，采用了二维非稳态有效导热系数模型。计算过程和结果表明，采用此复合模拟方法保证了数值模拟的准确性并降低了仿真程序的计算成本。     

叶片形状对涡轮桨搅拌槽内尾涡特性的影响

Particle image velocimetry technique was used to analyze the trailing vortices and elucidate their relationship with turbulence properties in a stirred tank of 0.48 m diameter, agitated by four different disc turbines, including Rushton turbine, concaved blade disk turbine, half elliptical blade disk turbine, and parabofic blade diskturbine. Phase-averaged and phase-resolved flow fields near the impeller blades were measured and the structure of trailing vortices was studied in detail. The location, size and strength of vortices were determined by the simplified λ2-criterion and the results showed that the blade shape had great effect on the trailing vortex characteristics. The larger curvature resulted in longer residence time of the vortex at the impeller tip, bigger distance between the upper and lower vortices and longer vortex life, also leads to smaller and stronger vortices. In addition, the turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent energy dissipation in the discharge flow were determined and discussed. High turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent energy dissipation regions were located between the upper and lower vortices and moved along with them. Although restricted to single phase flow, the presented results are essential for reliable design and scale-up of stirred tank with disc turbines.     

管壳式换热器的热力计算和数值仿真

根据管壳式换热器的结构参数、壳程和管程流体的主要物性参数进行热力学计算,建立换热器的三维仿真模型,借助热力学分析软件ANSYS对其进行数值仿真研究,对壳程和管程的传热系数和压力降进行分析。所得结果对于深入认识换热器的传热性能具有重要的指导意义。     

管壳式换热器的热力计算和数值仿真

以管壳式换热器为研究对象,首先根据管壳式换热器的结构参数、壳程和管程流体的主要物性参数进行热力学计算,然后建立换热器的三维仿真模型,借助热力学分析软件ANSYS对其进行数值仿真研究,对壳程和管程的传热系数和压力降进行分析。所得结果对于深入认识换热器的传热性能具有重要的指导意义。     

高炉风口换热过程数值模拟

高炉风口是高炉输送高温鼓风和煤粉必需的冷却设备。以外观尺寸相同的空腔式风口和贯流式风口为研究对象,运用数值模拟分析软件Fluent,采用k-epsilon双方程模型,压力基求解方法,对两者的换热过程进行模拟并对照分析了入口流速对其换热性能的影响。结果表明:随着水流量增加,风口表面温度下降,但进出口压损增加;相同水流量情况下,贯流式风口比空腔式风口换热能力更强,但产生的压损更大。综合考虑,2种模型的进水流速均以5～10m/s为宜。     

低翅片管换热过程的数值模拟及其结果分析

以用于冷凝器中的低翅片管为研究对象,利用ANSYS中的流体传热分析模块FLOTRAN CFD,建立管内通R22制冷剂,管外通空气的翅片管换热过程的二维模型,并对其进行流固耦合模拟分析.研究采用正交实验的方法,探究了换热过程中流场与温度场的分布状况,并结合传热学、流体学理论对结果进行了分析,研究表明:在等热流的情况下,翅片管的换热性能明显优于光管,在指定范围内,翅片管换热性能随翅片间距的增加而增强,随翅片厚度的增大而减弱,随翅片高度的增大而增强,但管外压降却随翅高的增大而显著变大,综合考虑换热性能与压降,对翅片管的结构参数进行了优化.      

Multiscale Modeling and Simulation of Directional Solidification Process of Turbine Blade Casting with MCA Method

Nickel-based superalloy turbine blade castings are widely used as a key part in aero engines. However, due to the complex manufacturing processes, the complicated internal structure, and the interaction between different parts of the turbine blade, casting defects, such as stray grains, often happen during the directional solidification of turbine blade castings, which causes low production yield and high production cost. To improve the quality of the directionally solidified turbine blade castings, modeling and simulation technique has been employed to study the microstructure evolution as well as to optimize the casting process. In this article, a modified cellular automaton (MCA) method was used to simulate the directional solidification of turbine blade casting. The MCA method was coupled with macro heat transfer and micro grain growth kinetics to simulate the microstructure evolution during the directional solidification. In addition, a ray tracing method was proposed to calculate the heat transfer, especially the heat radiation of multiple blade castings in a Bridgman furnace. A competitive mechanism was incorporated into the grain growth model to describe the grain selection behavior phenomena of multiple columnar grains in the grain selector. With the proposed models, the microstructure evolution and related defects could be simulated, while the processing parameters optimized and the blade casting quality guaranteed as well. Several experiments were carried out to validate the proposed models, and good agreement between the simulated and experimental results was achieved.     

高炉内部气体流动与传热的模拟分析

分别建立了高炉内气体流动、传热的二维和一维数理模型,对高炉煤气流的流场、压力场和温度场进行了数值模拟,基于一维模拟温度结果预测了炉内气体成分变化,并分析了燃烧温度和鼓风速率对煤气流动及温度的影响。研究结果表明：简化的一维模型可适用于高炉煤气温度轴向变化的预测：鼓风速率和燃烧温度的变化影响软熔带的位置、炉内压力损失及炉顶煤气温度。在高炉实际操作中,合理的鼓风速率和燃烧温度是高炉炉况顺行的保障。     

CFD仿真技术在板坯加热炉的应用

以某公司热轧厂常规与双蓄热烧嘴组合供热的板坯加热炉为研究对象,建立该加热炉炉内流动、传热和燃烧过程三维物理数学模型,并运用CFD仿真技术对其进行数值计算,得出炉内速度场和温度场的分布规律。同时,研究了板坯和烟气之间传热特性。     

Numerical Simulation of Transport Phenomena for a Double-Layer Laser Powder Deposition of Single-Crystal Superalloy

A turbine blade made of single-crystal superalloys has been commonly used in gas turbine and aero engines. As an effective repair technology, laser powder deposition has been implemented to restore the worn turbine blade tips with a near-net shape capability and highly controllable solidified microstructure. Successful blade repair technology for single-crystal alloys requires a continuous epitaxial grain growth in the same direction of the crystalline orientation of the substrate material to the newly deposited layers. This work presents a three-dimensional numerical model to simulate the transport phenomena for a multilayer coaxial laser powder deposition process. Nickel-based single-crystal superalloy Rene N5 powder is deposited on a directional solidified substrate made of nickel-based directional-solidified alloy GTD 111 to verify the simulation results. The effects of processing parameters including laser power, scanning speed, and powder feeding rate on the resultant temperature field, fluid velocity field, molten pool geometric sizes, and the successive layer remelting ratios are studied. Numerical simulation results show that the maximum temperature of molten pool increases over layers due to the reduced heat dissipation capacity of the deposited geometry, which results in an increased molten pool size and fluid flow velocity at the successive deposited layer. The deposited bead geometry agrees well between the simulation and the experimental results. A large part of the first deposition layer, up to 85 pct of bead height, can be remelted during the deposition of the second layer. The increase of scanning speed decreases the ratio of G/V (temperature gradient/solidification velocity), leading to an increased height ratio of the misoriented grain near the top surface of the previous deposited layer. It is shown that the processing parameters used in the simulation and experiment can produce a remelting ratio R larger than the misoriented grain height ratio S, which enables remelting of all the misoriented grains and guarantees a continuous growth of the substrate directional-solidified crystalline orientation during the multilayer deposition of single-crystal alloys.