注射法制备1-3连通压电复合材料及性能研究

采用陶瓷注射成型技术制备PZT陶瓷阵列,经过脱脂、烧结、灌注环氧树脂以及后加工得到长径比为4~5的1-3连通压电复合材料,并对其压电性能和机电转换性能进行研究。结果表明,压电系数d_(33)达到400p C/N以上,与压电陶瓷的相当;纵横耦合比k_t/k_p在2左右,高于PZT陶瓷的纵横耦合比。     

PZT基NiTi SMA/PZT复合材料的组织结构及其压电性能研究

采用真空直流溅射法在PZT基体上沉积NiTi SMA薄膜,再经过晶化处理而制备出PZT基NiTi SMA/PZT复合材料.使用扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料试样的表面和界面组织结构.使用ZJ-3A型准态仪、Automatic LCR Meter4225测试复合材料的压电常数d33,机电耦合系数KP1,介电损耗tgδ,以考察NiTi SMA薄膜对PZT压电性能的影响.测试结果显示复合材料的压电常数d33,机电耦合系数KP相对于PZT均有提高,而介电损耗tgδ有小幅度降低.NiTiSMA薄膜与PZT基体之间的良好的界面结合结构及界面附近存在的源自膜/基材料间晶格差异的约束应力,有利于电偶极子的定向运动,保障了PZT基体压电性能的发挥.     

PZT基NiTi SMA/PZT复合材料的组织结构及其压电性能研究EI

采用真空直流溅射法在PZT基体上沉积NiTi SMA薄膜,再经过晶化处理而制备出PZT基NiTi SMA/PZT复合材料.使用扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料试样的表面和界面组织结构.使用ZJ-3A型准态仪、Automatic LCR Meter4225测试复合材料的压电常数d33,机电耦合系数KP1,介电损耗tgδ,以考察NiTi SMA薄膜对PZT压电性能的影响.测试结果显示复合材料的压电常数d33,机电耦合系数KP相对于PZT均有提高,而介电损耗tgδ有小幅度降低.NiTiSMA薄膜与PZT基体之间的良好的界面结合结构及界面附近存在的源自膜/基材料间晶格差异的约束应力,有利于电偶极子的定向运动,保障了PZT基体压电性能的发挥.     

PZT/环氧树脂1-3-2型压电复合材料的制备及性能

采用压电陶瓷基板与1-3型压电复合材料串联连接,沿表面两相互垂直的方向切割PZT陶瓷,在切槽间浇注环氧树脂,制备出新型的1-3-2型压电复合材料.实验测试了材料的压电和介电性能,结果表明其d33常数达到400 pC/N,振动位移113.5pm,声速3500m/s,声阻抗17.6Mraly,厚度机电耦合系数0.62,带宽3.6kHz,相对介电常数817,介质损耗0.02.     

成型压力对0-3型锆钛酸铅/水泥压电复合材料的影响

以快硬硫铝酸盐水泥为基体,以锆钛酸铅(PZT)为功能相,用压制成型法制备出0-3型PZT/水泥基压电复合材料。分析成型压力对PZT/水泥基压电复合材料的压电性和介电性的影响,结果表明:不同粒径PZT颗粒作为功能相的水泥基压电复合材料,成型压力对其压电性和介电性有不同的影响。在30~90 MPa压力范围内,成型压力越大,PZT/水泥压电复合材料的压电应变常数d33和相对介电常数εr均显著提高,这是由于气孔率随压力增大而减少,而压电电压常数g33的变化则与功能相的粒径有关。机电耦合系数也有着不同的变化趋势,对于6μm和126μm PZT/水泥压电复合材料,其机电耦合系数Kt和Kp随压力增大缓慢下降,而对于430μm PZT/水泥压电复合材料则呈上升趋势。当压力达到150 MPa时,其压电性和介电性均急剧减小。     

0-3 PZT/PVDF 压电复合材料的制备及其性能

采用溶液混合法制备PZT/PVDF压电复合材料。首先用水热法制备出适合溶液混合的PZT陶瓷粉末,并根据陶瓷粉末对PVDF的吸收量,选择乙醇作为PVDF的溶剂进行混合,然后烘干制备PZT/PVDF复合粉末,再成型极化。实验结果表明,这种复合方法提高了PZT陶瓷颗粒在PVDF有机基体中的分散度,使材料内部均匀,结构致密,从而提高了PZT/PVDF压电复合材料的压电和介电性能。      

1-3型压电复合材料和普通PZT换能器性能对比分析

通过切割-填充法制备了1-3型压电复合材料，并选取相同尺寸的1-3型压电复合材料和普通PZT圆片制成活塞型换能器，经测量得到了两种换能器在空气中和水中的导纳曲线，水中发送电压响应、接收灵敏度和指向性曲线。通过对比分析，得出1-3型压电复合材料换能器比普通PZT压电换能器的收发性能有明显改善。     

石墨改性0-3型PZT/PVDF复合材料电学性能研究

运用热压成型工艺制备了0-3型0．5PZT／xC／(0．5-x)PVDF(x=0．002～0．016)压电复合材料，研究了复合材料的极化、压电和介电性能。结果表明：适量石墨的加入，可以明显提高复合材料的极化性能。随着石墨含量的增加，复合材料的压电系数、机电耦合系数升高，机械品质因数降低；当石墨含量x=0．008时，三者都达到极值。复合材料的介电常数和损耗随着石墨含量的增大而上升。     

PZT基陶瓷纤维性能对1-3复合材料性能影响

采用塑性聚合物方法制备了高可塑性、高密度和高生坯强度的PZT5、PMnS、PBS陶瓷纤维，通过排列浇注法制备了1-3复合材料，研究了不同组成陶瓷纤维对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明，复合材料的介电常数、声阻抗和品质因数均比相应的陶瓷性能小了一个数量级，压电应变常数d33和平面机电藕合系数kp不同程度降低，但是压电电压常数g33和厚度机电藕合系数反大幅度增加，使得1-3复合材料的各相异性明显增强，复合材料的性能变化规律同压电纤维性能的变化规律相同，因此可通过改变纤维相性能而改善复合材料的性能。     

振动真空方法对水泥基压电复合材料性能提高表征测试

为改善水泥基压电复合材料的密实度,提高材料性能和耐久性,该文提出一种基于振动真空共同作用的方法,制备水泥基压电复合材料,设置两组对照试验。以普通硅酸盐水泥为基体,以锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷PZT为功能体,用振动真空和纯真空方法结合切割-填充法制备出1-3型、2-2型PZT/水泥基压电复合材料.研究分析振动真空和纯真空下水泥基压电复合材料的压电性、介电性和机电耦合性能的变化规律。结果表明:采用振动真空方法所得到的试件,其压电应变常数d_(33)和相对介电常数ε_γ比纯真空方法得到的结果相对偏大,而相对应的压电电压常数g_(33)则偏小,压电性能更好。振动真空方法得到的试件,其串联谐振频率f_s和并联谐振频率f_p较纯真空方法得到的试件要更小,而K_p、K_t和Q_m的值都稍微更大,机电耦合性能更好。     

0-3型压电陶瓷-硫铝酸盐水泥复合材料的压电性能

采用压制成型法,以快硬硫铝酸盐水泥为基体制备了水泥基压电复合材料。分析讨论了极化工艺条件和PZT含量对水泥基压电复合材料压电性的影响。结果表明,较高的极化电场强度和较长的极化时间均有利于压电性能的提高,但当极化电场强度和极化时间达到4.0 kV/mm和45 min后,压电应变常数d₃₃趋于稳定; 随着PZT含量的增加,硫铝酸盐水泥基压电复合材料的压电应变常数d₃₃、压电电压常数g₃₃和机电耦合系数K_P、K_t均显著增大。当PZT质量分数达到85%时,K_P和K_t可达28.54%和28.19%。      

25 MHz ultrasonic transducers with lead- free piezoceramic, 1-3 PZT fiber-epoxy composite, and PVDF polymer active elements

This paper presents the fabrication and characterization of single-element ultrasonic transducers whose active elements are made of lead-free piezoceramic, 1-3 PZT/polymer composite and PVDF film. The lead free piezoelectric KNNLT- LS(K_0.44Na_0.52Li_0.04)(Nb_0.84Ta_0.10S_0.06b)O₃ powders and ceramics were prepared under controlled humidity and oxygen flow rate during sintering. Due to its moderate longitudinal piezoelectric charge coefficient (175 pC/N) and k_t of 0.50, the KNN-LT-LS composition may be a good candidate for highfrequency transducer applications. PZT fibers with 25 μm diameter formed by the viscose suspension spinning process were incorporated into epoxy to fabricate 1-3 composites with the averaged k_t = 0.64 and d₃₃ = 400 pC/N. Using KNN-LS-LT ceramic, 1-3 PZT fiber composite, and PVDF film, 3 different unfocused single element transducers with center frequencies of 25 MHz were fabricated. The acoustic characterization of the transducers demonstrated that wideband and low insertion loss could be obtained employing KNN-LS-LT ceramic. The ?6 dB bandwidth and insertion loss were 70% and ?21 dB, respectively. In comparison, the insertion loss of the ceramic transducer was much smaller than those made with 1-3 composite and PVDF film. This was attributed to closer electrical impedance match to 50 Ω and higher thickness coupling coefficient of the ceramic transducer.     

High frequency piezoelectric MEMS ultrasound transducers

High-frequency ultrasound array transducers using piezoelectric thin films on larger structures are being developed for high-resolution imaging systems. The increase in resolution is achieved by a simultaneous increase in operating frequency (30 MHz to about 1 GHz) and close coupling of the electronic circuitry. Two different processing methods were explored to fabricate array transducers. In one implementation, a xylophone bar transducer was prototyped, using thin film PbZr(0.52)Ti(0.48)O(3) (PZT) as the active piezoelectric layer. In the other, the piezoelectric transducer was prepared by mist deposition of PZT films over electroplated Ni posts. Because the PZT films are excited through the film thickness, the drive voltages of these transducers are low, and close coupling of the electronic circuitry is possible. A complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor (CMOS) transceiver chip for a 16-element array was fabricated in 0.35-microm process technology. The ultrasound front-end chip contains beam-forming electronics, receiver circuitry, and analog-to-digital converters with 3-Kbyte on-chip buffer memory.     

1-3型压电复合材料的机械品质因素

采用切割-填充法制作1-3型压电复合材料,PZT-5A作为压电相,改性618环氧树脂作为聚合物相。研究了1-3型压电复合材料的机械品质因素Qm值与压电相的体积分数及形状参数的关系。压电相的体积分数及形状参数优选后的1-3型压电复合材料可获得较低的机械品质因素Qm值,其值可达10,谐振频率可达850kHz,频带宽度可达86kHz。     

Simple model for piezoelectric ceramic/polymer 1-3 composites used in ultrasonic transducer applications

A theoretical model is presented for combining parameters of 1-3 ultrasonic composite materials in order to predict ultrasonic characteristics such as velocity, acoustic impedance, electromechanical coupling factor, and piezoelectric coefficients. Hence, the model allows the estimation of resonance frequencies of 1-3 composite transducers. This model has been extended to cover more material parameters, and they are compared to experimental results up to PZT volume fraction ν of 0.8. The model covers calculation of piezoelectric charge constants d₃₃ and d₃₁. Values are found to be in good agreement with experimental results obtained for PZT 7A/Araldite D 1-3 composites. The acoustic velocity, acoustic impedance, and electromechanical coupling factor are predicted and found to be close to the values determined experimentally     

1-3型水泥基压电复合材料的制备及性能

采用切割-浇注法, 以硫铝酸盐水泥为基体, 制备了1-3型水泥基压电复合材料。详细阐述了1-3型水泥基压电复合材料的制备过程; 研究了0.375Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.375PbTiO₃-0.25PbZrO₃压电陶瓷柱的宽厚比w/t对1-3型水泥基压电复合材料的压电性能、 介电性能和声阻抗的影响。结果表明: 压电陶瓷柱的宽厚比w/t对1-3型水泥基压电复合材料性能有很大影响, 随着w/t的增加, 其压电应变常数d₃₃、 机电耦合系数K_p与K_t、 机械品质因数Q_m、 介电常数ε_r和介电损耗tanδ均随着w/t的增加而减小, 而压电电压常数g₃₃值几乎不受w/t的影响。在压电陶瓷体积分数仅为22.72%的条件下, 调节压电陶瓷柱的宽厚比w/t至0.130, 可使复合材料的声阻抗与混凝土的声阻抗十分接近, 从而有效地解决了智能材料在土木工程中的声阻抗相容性问题。      

Extruded PZT/polymer composites for electromechanical transducer applications

PZT/polymer composites having a 1–3 parallel connectivity were fabricated by impregnating a sintered, extruded honeycomb configuration of PZT with various polymers. The resultant composites were found to have densities less than 2900 kg/m³, a dielectric constant of ～500 and a piezoelectric d₃₃ of ～300×10^?12 C/N. The 1–3 connectivity increases the piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g₃₃) from 22×10^?3 Vm/N (solid PZT) to ～70×10^?3 Vm/N.The composites have thickness mode electromechanical coupling coefficients (k_t) which are ～25% greater than that of homogeneous PZT, and are readily adaptable for broad bandwidth operation. This combination of electromechanical properties makes these composites ideal for low voltage displacement and pulse echo applications.     

Micromachining of a piezocomposite transducer using a copper vapor laser

A 1-3 piezocomposite transducer with front face dimensions of 2×2 mm has been micromachined using a copper vapor laser. The device consists of PZT5A piezoceramic pillars with a 65-μm pitch suspended in a low viscosity thermosetting polymer. The kerf width is 13 μm, and the transducer thickness is 170 μm, making the device suitable for ultrasonic reception at frequencies close to 10 MHz