三维碳化硅纳米线增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的电磁屏蔽性能

碳化硅纳米线具有优异的电磁吸收性能, 三维网络结构可以更好地使电磁波在空间内被多次反射和吸收。通过抽滤的方法制备得到体积分数20%交错排列的碳化硅纳米线网络预制体。然后采用化学气相渗透工艺制备热解炭界面和碳化硅基体, 并通过化学气相渗透和前驱体浸渍热解工艺得到致密的SiCNWs/SiC陶瓷基复合材料。甲烷和三氯甲基硅烷分别是热解炭和碳化硅的前驱体, 随着热解碳质量分数从21.3%增加到29.5%, 多孔SiCNWs预制体电磁屏蔽效率均值在8~12 GHz (X)波段从9.2 dB增加到64.1 dB。质量增重13%的热解碳界面修饰的SiCNWs/SiC陶瓷基复合材料在X波段平均电磁屏蔽效率达到37.8 dB电磁屏蔽性能。结果显示, SiCNWs/SiC陶瓷基复合材料在新一代军事电磁屏蔽材料中具有潜在应用前景。     

碳化硅颗粒增强复合材料超疏水表面的制备

采用电化学蚀刻方法在碳化硅颗粒增强复合材料(SiC/Al)表面构筑了微纳结构, 重点分析了蚀刻电流密度和蚀刻时间等关键操作参数对所得表面微观形貌及润湿特性的影响。研究发现, 较高电流密度(6 A/dm²)下刻蚀的SiC/Al复合材料表面可形成由微米级“粒状”结构和纳米级结构(颗粒状和波鳞状)复合而成的微-纳双层结构, 且这种特殊结构不因后续刻蚀时间延长而改变; 优化条件形成的SiC/Al复合材料刻蚀表面呈现出静态接触角高达160.7°、滚动角低至4°的超疏水特性。本研究结果说明SiC/Al复合材料可用于制备自清洁表面。     

纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料高导热性能研究进展

作为一种先进的高温结构及功能材料,高效传热和高温耐热相结合对纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(silicon carbide matrix composites, SiC CMC)在热管理领域(thermal management, TM)中的应用至关重要。常见的纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料,如碳纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(C_f/SiC或C_f/C-SiC)、碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(SiC_f/SiC)等,增强纤维的石墨化程度较低,难以形成有效的热输运网络。本文综述了纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料制备及高导热性能等方面的最新研究进展。可通过引入高导热相、优化界面结构、粗粒化碳化硅晶体、设计预制体结构等方式提高纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的热输运能力。此外,展望了纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料发展趋势,即综合考虑影响高导热碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料性能要素,灵活运用复合材料结构与性能的构效关系,以期制备尺寸稳定、性能优异的纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料。     

纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料高导热性能研究进展EI北大核心

作为一种先进的高温结构及功能材料,高效传热和高温耐热相结合对纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(silicon carbide matrix composites,SiC CMC)在热管理领域(thermal management,TM)中的应用至关重要。常见的纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料,如碳纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(C_(f)/SiC或C_(f)/C-SiC)、碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(SiC_(f)/SiC)等,增强纤维的石墨化程度较低,难以形成有效的热输运网络。本文综述了纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料制备及高导热性能等方面的最新研究进展。可通过引入高导热相、优化界面结构、粗粒化碳化硅晶体、设计预制体结构等方式提高纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的热输运能力。此外,展望了纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料发展趋势,即综合考虑影响高导热碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料性能要素,灵活运用复合材料结构与性能的构效关系,以期制备尺寸稳定、性能优异的纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料。     

颗粒级配对固相烧结碳化硅陶瓷的影响

通过粗细碳化硅粉体的颗粒级配实现了致密固相烧结碳化硅(S-SiC)陶瓷的增强增韧, 系统研究了粗粉(~4.6 µm)加入量对烧结试样的致密化、微结构与力学特性的影响。结果表明: 当粗粉加入量不超过75wt%时, 可制备出相对密度≥98.3%的致密S-SiC陶瓷, 烧结收缩率低至14.5%;引入的粗粉颗粒产生钉扎作用, 显著抑制了S-SiC陶瓷中异常晶粒生长, 形成细小的等轴晶粒, 进而提高了S-SiC陶瓷的抗弯强度。同时, 粗粉颗粒的引入导致S-SiC陶瓷的断裂方式由穿晶断裂转变为穿晶-沿晶复合断裂, 使得S-SiC陶瓷的断裂韧性增强。对于粗粉引入量为65wt%的S-SiC陶瓷, 抗弯强度与断裂韧性分别为(440±35) MPa与(4.92±0.24) MPa•m^1/2, 相比于未添加粗粉的S-SiC陶瓷, 分别提升了14.0%与17.1%。     

SiC泡沫陶瓷/SiCp/Al混杂复合材料的导热性能

运用挤压铸造法制备了SiC泡沫陶瓷/SiC颗粒/Al混杂复合材料,研究了温度和SiC泡沫陶瓷体积分数对复合材料热膨胀的影响.结果表明:随着温度的升高,复合材料的热容逐渐增大,热扩散系数、导热系数逐渐减小.随着增强体SiC体积分数的增大,复合材料的热容线性下降,热扩散系数和导热系数均非线性减小.由于混杂复合材料具有独特的复式双连续结构,复合材料的导热系数大于130W/(m·℃).     

SiCf/SiC复合材料的RMI制备方法以及微观结构和性能优化

反应熔体渗透(RMI)是制备高密度陶瓷基复合材料的有效方法之一, 而熔体的渗透和复合材料的形成主要取决于预制体的孔隙结构。本研究将硅熔体渗透到具有不同孔隙结构的含碳预制体中, 制备了SiC纤维增强SiC基复合材料(SiC_f/SiC), 并研究了孔隙结构对熔体浸润和SiC_f/SiC复合材料的影响。研究结果表明: 具有较均匀孔径的预制体可以使熔体浸润更充分, 制备的复合材料具有更少的残余孔隙及更优的力学性能。该研究对反应熔渗制备复合材料的孔结构调控具有指导意义。     

考虑孔隙和微裂纹缺陷的 C/ C2SiC编织复合材料等效模量计算

通过观察 C/ C2SiC复合材料组元分布的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)照片 , 获得了 C/ C2SiC复合材料化学气相渗透(CVI)制备过程中产生孔隙和微裂纹的几何信息。在此基础上 , 建立了包含孔隙和微裂纹的 C/ C2SiC微结构有限元模型 , 并利用均匀化等效计算方法预测了平纹编织 C/ C2 SiC复合材料的模量。针对 CVI沉积方式制备的 2组不同的 C/ C2SiC复合材料 , 实验测试与等效计算结果表明 : 基于 SEM照片建立的 C/ C2SiC纤维束和复合材料微结构有限元模型 , 能够反映 CVI工艺制备 C/ C2SiC中孔隙和微裂纹的分布状况; 计算结果与实验数据有良好的一致性 , 数值计算可有效预测 C/ C2SiC编织复合材料的模量。     

碳/碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的研究及应用进展

碳/碳化硅(C/SiC)陶瓷基复合材料是重要的热结构材料体系之一.综述了近年来发展的有关制备C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料的各种技术及其在航空航天、光学系统、空间技术、交通工具(刹车片、阀)、能源技术等领域的应用,展望了可应用于玻璃工业中的纳米碳颗粒与亚微米碳化硅复合的陶瓷基复合材料制备工艺,可拓宽该陶瓷基复合材料的应用领域.     

碳纤维增强碳化硅三维网状多孔陶瓷复合材料的制备

以3D打印多孔PLA结构为模板,采用聚碳硅烷先驱体浸渍裂解法(PIP),在1 250℃,氩气氛围下烧结得到碳纤维增强碳化硅三维网状多孔陶瓷复合材料。采用XRD、SEM和万能力学试验机等对碳纤维增强碳化硅三维网状多孔陶瓷复合材料进行了表征。结果表明,由β-SiC和C两种晶相组成,随着3D打印件的骨架直径增大,所制备的3D-Cf/SiC多孔陶瓷复合材料的孔隙率逐渐减小,而其表观密度、骨架密度、压缩强度、导热系数逐渐增加;当3D打印件的骨架直径从1.0mm增加到2.5mm时,3D-Cf/SiC的孔径从1.0mm增加到2.5mm,孔隙率从63%增加到82%,表观密度和骨架密度分别从0.85g/cm3降低至0.45g/cm3,1.52g/cm3降低至0.92g/cm3,压缩强度从8.00 MPa降低至4.20 MPa,导热系数从2.00 W/(m·K)降低至1.20 W/(m·K)。     

采用定向SiC纳米线烧结制备高强多孔 SiC陶瓷

利用直接墨水打印方法制备了由定向SiC纳米线交错叠层组成的具备网络状孔隙结构的高强SiC多孔陶瓷.制备的碳化硅多孔陶瓷具有高的通孔结构和完全由定向SiC纳米线组装而成的结构特征.研究了烧结温度对定向SiC纳米线多孔陶瓷的微观结构、相组成演变及力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:烧结温度低于1900℃时,SiC纳米线能保持高长...     

Effects of trace amount of nanometric SiC additives with wire or particle shapes on the mechanical and thermal properties of alumina matrix composites

SiC nanowires (SiCNWs) are suitable candidates used as additives to improve the thermal conductivity of alumina, since they exhibit superior properties such as high chemical and thermal stability. In this study, alumina matrix composites reinforced with very small amount of β-SiC/SiO₂ core–shell nanowires were fabricated by hot-pressing. They were first characterized and compared with alumina matrix specimens containing SiC nanopowder. It was found out that with 0.2 wt% SiC additives, the grain sizes of the alumina specimens were reduced by 20 % of that of the monolithic one, regardless of the shape of the SiC additives. Vickers hardness of specimen containing both SiCNWs and SiC nanopowders slightly increased, while fracture toughness decreased more than that of the monolithic alumina. Thermal conductivity of the specimens increased with increased amount of SiCNWs and was better than those of the specimens containing SiC nanopowders. The alumina composite containing 0.2 wt% SiCNWs had higher thermal conductivity than that of the monolithic alumina by as much as 45 %. From these results, it is clear that only small amount of nanosized SiC as an additive material, particularly SiCNWs, has a significant effect on the properties of alumina matrix composites.     

Thermal conductivity of Al–SiC composites with monomodal and bimodal particle size distribution

The thermal conductivity of aluminum matrix composites having a high volume fraction of SiC particles is investigated by comparing data for composites fabricated by infiltrating liquid aluminum into preforms made either from a single particle size, or by mixing and packing SiC particles of two largely different average sizes (170 and 16 μm). For composites based on powders with a monomodal size distribution, the thermal conductivity increases steadily from 151 W/m K for particles of average diameter 8 μm to 216 W/m K for 170 μm particles. For the bimodal particle mixtures the thermal conductivity increases with increasing volume fraction of coarse particles and reaches a roughly constant value of 220 W/m K for mixtures with 40 or more vol.% of coarse particles. It is shown that all present data can be accounted for by the differential effective medium (DEM) scheme taking into account a finite interfacial thermal resistance.     

Thermal shock behavior of nano-sized SiC particulate reinforced AlON composites

Aluminum oxynitride (AlON) has been considered as a potential ceramic material for high-performance structural and advanced refractory applications. Thermal shock resistance is a major concern and an important performance index of high-temperature ceramics. While silicon carbide (SiC) particles have been proven to improve mechanical properties of AlON ceramic, the high-temperature thermal shock behavior was unknown. The aim of this investigation was to identify the thermal shock resistance and underlying mechanisms of AlON ceramic and 8 wt% SiC–AlON composites over a temperature range between 175 °C and 275 °C. The residual strength and Young's modulus after thermal shock decreased with increasing quenching temperature and thermal shock times due to large temperature gradients and thermal stresses caused by abrupt water-quenching. A linear relationship between the residual strength and thermal shock times was observed in both pure AlON and SiC–AlON composites. The addition of nano-sized SiC particles increased both residual strength and critical temperature from 200 °C in the monolithic AlON to 225 °C in the SiC–AlON composites due to the toughening effect, the lower coefficient of thermal expansion and higher thermal conductivity of SiC. The enhancement of the thermal shock resistance in the SiC–AlON composites was directly related to the change of fracture mode from intergranular cracking along with cleavage-type fracture in the AlON to a rougher fracture surface with ridge-like characteristics, crack deflection, and crack branching in the SiC–AlON composites.     

CVI结合浆料浸渍法制备2D C/SiC复合材料的微观结构和力学性能

采用CVI结合浆料浸渍工艺制备2D C/SiC复合材料。研究了SiC微粉对复合材料微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当碳纤维预制沉积SiC80h后,微粉主要渗入到纤维束间。复合材料的力学强度随着渗微粉前CVI时间的增加及渗入浆料浓度的降低而增加。微粉的渗入大大降低了材料的层间剪切强度,而对材料的拉伸强度影响较小。     

Porous SiC Ceramics with Controlled Pores by CVI and Oxidation Consumption Processing

Preparation of porous SiC ceramics with controlled pores is demonstrated by oxidation consumption of a chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) C/SiC composite. The results show that the pores formation can be well monitored by thermogravimetric analysis during the oxidation. Performing the oxidation at 800°C is more favorable for obtaining porous ceramic by carbon oxidation consumption. The pores in the prepared SiC porous ceramics are uniform and maintain the same size and shapes with the used carbon fibers. Effective protections of the carbon fibers during CVI as well as negligible following oxidation of SiC are reasons for the pores control. The novelty of the present work is to provide a relative simple method for preparation of porous SiC body with controlled pores as well as for preparation of complex-shaped porous SiC body.     

成形压力对SiC/TiB2复合材料组织与性能的影响

基于熔融Si浸渗法制备出较致密的SiC/TiB₂复合材料, 并研究了坯体成形压力对SiC/TiB₂复合材料致密度、相组成、显微组织和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明, 复合材料由TiB₂、SiC和Si相组成。SiC/TiB₂复合材料的显微组织特征为: TiB₂相和SiC相均匀分布, 游离Si填充在TiB₂相和SiC相的空隙处, 且形成了连续相。随成形压力的增大, 复合材料中游离Si含量降低, TiB₂颗粒尺寸减小, 复合材料的力学性能先增加后降低。坯体最佳成形压力为200 MPa, 对应SiC/TiB₂复合材料的体积密度、开口气孔率、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和维氏硬度分别为3.63 g/cm³、0.90%、(354±16) MPa、(6.8±0.2) MPa·m^1/2和(21.0±1.1) GPa。     

Thermal conductivity of graphite flakes–SiC particles/metal composites

A new family of high thermal conductivity composites, produced through infiltration of a metallic alloy into preforms of mixtures of graphite flakes and either ceramic or carbon materials (in the form of particles or short fibers), has been recently developed. Composites microstructure roughly consists of alternating layers of flakes and metal-particles composite. The present work focuses on graphite flakes–SiC particles/Al–12 wt%Si composites. The effects that the relative amounts of the components, as well as the average diameter of SiC particles (varied over the range 13–170 μm), have on the thermal conductivity are investigated. The experimental results are analyzed by means of two model microstructures: (i) alternating layers of flakes and metal-particle composite, and, (ii) oriented discs (graphite flakes) randomly distributed in a metal-particle composite matrix. Fitting experimental data by means of these model microstructures leads to reasonable values of the thermal conductivity of graphite flakes along the transversal and longitudinal directions.     

SiCf/SiC复合材料耐高温氟熔盐腐蚀性能研究

实验研究了熔渗(MI)工艺、浸渍-裂解(PIP)工艺和化学气相渗透(CVI)工艺制备SiC_f/SiC复合材料在800℃的氟熔盐(46.5mol% LiF-11.5mol% NaF-42.0mol% KF)中的腐蚀行为, 通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜以及能谱仪等表征手段, 对腐蚀前后样品的物相组成和微观结构进行了分析。实验结果表明, 不同工艺获得的SiC基体与高温氟熔盐的相容性与基体组成有关; MI-SiC中的游离Si相以及PIP-SiC和CVI-SiC中的富氧相是SiC基体中的两种腐蚀弱区, 易被熔盐选择性腐蚀; MI-SiC_f/SiC复合材料以纤维束间游离Si基体腐蚀为主, PIP-SiC_f/SiC复合材料基体腐蚀损伤集中在网络状富氧带, CVI-SiC_f/SiC复合材料的腐蚀损伤主要是沉积层间的含氧边界以及由此造成的基体层状剥离。与MI和PIP样品相比, CVI基体纯度高, 结晶度好, 表观腐蚀速率仅为0.0445 μg/(mm²·h), 具有更好的耐氟熔盐腐蚀性能。