黄家湖沉积物中有机质和总氮、总磷的分布特征

通过测定武汉市黄家湖18个采样点位表面层、过渡层、正常层沉积物中有机质、总氮、总磷的含量,采用综合污染指数内梅罗指数对黄家湖沉积物进行综合评价,分析了各层污染程度、有机质与总氮、总磷的相关性,以及有机质、总氮、总磷三个参数在黄家湖中纵向横向的分布特征及分布趋势。18个点位分析结果表明,垂向上三个参数浓度趋势大多表现为表面层过渡层正常层,平面上呈现周边区域浓度大于湖泊中部区域现象,且在有污水管网排口处浓度远大于其他区域。有机质浓度与总氮、总磷浓度呈现正相关趋势。     

垃圾渗滤液中溶解性有机质研究进展

在垃圾渗滤液原液中,溶解性有机质是总有机质的主要构成部分.溶解性有机质也是造成渗滤液生化处理出水COD较高的主要原因.从溶解性有机质的组成结构、分子量分布,元素组成,可见-紫外光谱和红外光谱特征等方面综述了有关垃圾渗滤液中溶解性有机质的研究进展,并总结了溶解性有机质的理化特性随填埋时间的变化规律.     

碳质吸附剂吸附溶解性有机质的研究进展

溶解性有机质是环境中普遍存在的化学物质,论文详细论述了碳质吸附剂吸附溶解性有机质的影响因素,包括吸附剂性质、吸附质性质和外界条件的影响等;在比较几种碳质吸附材料性质的基础上.提出了天然黑碳产物替代活性炭有效吸附溶解性有机质的可能性.     

溶解性有机质对有机污染物生物有效性影响

溶解性有机质(DOM)是水体环境中重要的组成部分,由于其特殊的物理化学结构,往往能够影响污染物的环境行为归趋.有机污染物是目前水体环境中广泛存在的一类污染物质,具有较强的生物毒性,易通过食物链累积,对生态系统和人类健康构成威胁.对溶解性有机质对有机污染物生物有效性研究进展进行了总结.     

不同pH溶液对粉煤灰中溶解性有机质光谱特征的影响

为揭示粉煤灰中溶解性有机质(DOM)的组成与性质,采用SEM,XRF,XRD表征粉煤灰理化性质,并考察不同pH(3.01～10.84)条件下粉煤灰中溶出DOM的紫外-可见(UV-vis)吸收光谱与三维荧光光谱(EEMs)特征。结果表明：UV-vis吸收光谱参数E₂/E₃,E₂/E₄,E₃/E₄随pH升高逐渐降低,DOM相对分子质量、分子缩合度、腐殖化程度随pH升高逐渐增大;DOC的质量浓度随pH升高呈W型变化,其质量浓度变化范围为5.63 mg/L～9.94 mg/L;SUVA₂₆₀和SUVA₂₈₀在pH为4.87时取最大值,说明此条件下芳香性强的疏水组分含量最高,荧光区域积分分析显示蛋白类物质(区域Ⅰ+区域Ⅱ)所占比例最高,两个区域所占比例平均值达到58.88%;紫外区类富里酸(区域Ⅲ)随pH升高呈先降低后升高的趋势,区域Ⅳ与区域Ⅴ的物质变化不显著;荧光光谱参数(荧光指数、生物源指数、腐殖化指数、新鲜度指数)显...     

溶解性有机质化学结构表征的研究进展

溶解性有机质作为环境中重要的天然配位体和吸着载体,它的化学结构特性直接影响其在元素生物地球化学循环、重金属和有机污染物迁移过程中的作用。文章介绍了目前表征溶解性有机质化学结构的方法,包括离子交换色谱法、核磁共振、傅立叶红外光谱和荧光光谱分析,并提出了未来的研究展望。     

洱海沉积物孔隙水中溶解有机质的三维荧光光谱特征

文章应用三维荧光光谱技术对洱海沉积物孔隙水中的溶解有机质进行了研究。结果表明，所有样品均含有4个明显的荧光峰，其中A和C为类腐植酸荧光，B和D为类蛋白荧光。荧光强度在沉积物-水界面特别强，在1cm处急剧下降，之后随着沉积深度呈上升趋势。孔隙水溶解有机质均具有强的类蛋白荧光，     

湖泊沉积物磷释放的影响因素研究进展

介绍了磷释放的影响因素,综述了近年来就水动力、水化学、微生物活动等方面对磷释放的研究进展,并分别阐述每种因素的影响机理。最后,对磷释放的研究现状提出建议,并对未来的研究方向做出了展望。     

溶解性有机物的特征及对环境污染物的影响

溶解性有机物是由成分复杂的非均质混合物组成,在环境中分布广泛,具有较高的稳定性和生物难降解性,对有机物污染物和重金属在环境中的迁移转化、生物有效性和毒性等有重要影响,而且在水处理过程中可能转化成有毒副产物。本文综述了溶解性有机物的结构特征以及对环境污染物的影响。     

土壤溶解性有机质的结构特性对土壤重金属行为的影响

对土壤中溶解性有机质(DOM)的概念、组成及分类进行了系统的介绍,总结了DOM对土壤中重金属的三大影响行为:DOM对重金属溶解和沉淀的影响,对重金属解析-吸附的影响和对重金属生物有效性的影响,并提出土壤中溶解性有机质研究中存在的问题及今后的研究方向.     

典型城市污水二级处理水中DOM性状特征

以西安市典型城市污水二级出水为对象,分别测定了溶解性有机物的分子质量分布、亲疏水性组分以及荧光性质等。结果表明,无论以TOC或UV254计,二级出水中溶解性有机物分子质量分布趋势基本相同,大部分为小分子有机物,<10 ku的有机物分别占60%~75%和71%~79%,>50 ku的大分子有机物分别占14%~28%和13%~16%,其他区间所占比例较小,整个区间成"双峰"状。二级出水中亲水性组分较疏水性组分多,出水中难降解物质包括腐殖酸、富里酸和蛋白质类物质。含腐殖质较多的水样SUVA较高,而含蛋白质类物质较多的水样SUVA较低,且腐殖质等大部分存在于疏水性有机物中。     

可溶有机质介导硝基芳香化合物降解研究进展

大量研究表明, 可溶性有机质因自身的醌呼吸结构能够作为氧化还原体来催化转化多种有机和无机化合物, 然而其影响机制尚未完全了解, 因此需要更深层次的研究以阐明限制可溶性有机质介导化学和生物转化有机污染物的机理。本文以硝基芳香化合物为例, 全面阐述了其化学和生物降解机理以及可溶性有机质作为氧化还原电子穿梭体对其还原转化过程介导作用的研究进展;回顾了各种因素影响可溶性有机质催化转化硝基芳香化合物的效果, 并寻求氧化还原效率较高的可溶性有机质促进污染物的消减, 从而提高可溶性有机质对催化降解硝基芳香化合物的实际应用性。     

滤池反冲水回流混凝工艺中溶解性有机物荧光特性

引言湖库水作为典型的低浊水源水,通常由于低的颗粒物浓度、小的颗粒尺寸、低的碰撞和聚集效率以及有机物更强亲水性,使常规混凝存在处理效果差、药剂用量大、产泥量多和出水残余铝含量高等缺点[1]。净水厂排泥水、滤池反冲洗水(FBWW)及二者的混合废水通常含有一定量悬浮固体、有机或     

某炼化污水处理厂水中可溶有机物的转化规律研究

利用三维荧光和高分辨质谱等手段分析某炼油化工企业炼化废水处理厂不同来源污水(炼油废水、酸性废水、化工废水)可溶有机质(DOM)的分子组成。结果表明,炼油废水DOM浓度低且极性化合物以含氧类化合物为主;酸性废水、化工废水DOM浓度较高,检测到高丰度的表面活性剂及其衍生物为主的聚合物类等多氧含硫类化合物。对不同来源废水在水解酸化、生化和臭氧催化氧化单元工艺中的DOM变化规律进行研究,发现分子缩合度较低的化合物及多氧含硫类化合物在水解酸化工艺中能得到有效降解;生化处理后86%的DOM得到降解,其中分子缩合度低,在荧光光谱中显示类酪氨酸类特征的化合物在生化单元中得到有效去除;臭氧催化氧化工艺对类腐殖酸具有良好去除效果。此外研究发现,废水经生化单元处理,其DOM去除效率、荧光基团及极性化合物变化规律不受进水水质影响;类色氨酸类和多氧含硫类化合物等难降解有机物,是影响废水可生化性能及处理达标的关键因素。     

氯胺及其与二氧化氯联用对原水管道溶解性有机物降解的影响

采用环状反应器模拟原水输水管道, 考察氯胺(NH₂Cl)及其与二氧化氯联用(NH₂Cl/ClO₂)对溶解性有机物(DOM)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)和UV₂₅₄降解以及有机物荧光特性的影响。结果表明:NH₂Cl或NH₂Cl/ClO₂对DOC、UV₂₅₄和DOM的降解均产生较大的影响。相比NH₂Cl, NH₂Cl/ClO₂的影响更大, 但是有机物降解的恢复速度没有明显差异, DOC、UV₂₅₄和DOM的降解分别在停止投加氧化剂的第5 d、4 d和1 d恢复。投加氧化剂后, 芳香族有机物以向易生物降解的极性有机物的转化为主, 溶解性有机物的可生物降解能力增加。NH₂Cl和NH₂Cl/ClO₂作用后, 类蛋白质物质以及紫外区类腐殖质类物质明显减少。NH₂Cl/ClO₂更易破坏有机物中的芳香族化合物的结构, 而NH₂Cl氧化使得有机物分子结构中羰基、羟基、羧基和胺基等官能团增加, 从而有机物可生物降解能力较强。NH₂Cl和NH₂Cl/ClO₂作用后, 有机物降解作用可恢复至比未加氧化剂更高的水平, 基于卤代副产物生成的考虑, 相比NH₂Cl, NH₂Cl/ClO₂更适合用于原水输水管道的氧化。     

The differentiation of biodegradable and non‐biodegradable dissolved organic matter in wastewaters using fluorescence spectroscopy

The chemical and biochemical oxygen demand values of a number of synthetic and wastewater samples were determined using fluorescence spectroscopy. Treated and untreated sewage samples were obtained from a local sewage treatment works while synthetic samples were analysed before, during, and after treatment via a rotating biodisc contactor. Fluorescence intensities were normalised using the water Raman signal as an internal standard and corrections applied to take into account the attenuation effects caused by the sample matrix. The fluorescence emission spectra (λ_exc = 280 nm) of synthetic and sewage samples were very similar in that two main fluorescence bands centred around 350 nm and 440 nm were observed in all samples. Normalised fluorescence data, centred at 350 nm, correlate well with corresponding BOD, COD and TOC values (R² values ranging between 0.93 and 0.98). Using BOD, COD and TOC data the fluorescence at 350 nm and 440 nm can be apportioned to biodegradable and non‐biodegradable dissolved organic matter respectively. The findings of this research show that fluorescence data can be used to quantify oxygen demand values (chemical and biochemical) and total organic carbon values. Furthermore, the fluorescence spectral response can be apportioned to biodegradable (BOD) and non‐biodegradable (COD ? BOD) dissolved organic matter. The potential of using fluorescence spectroscopy as a possible tool for real‐time monitoring of sewage wastes is discussed. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of high pH state of dodecylbenzenesulfonate and dissolved organic matter complex solution on the ultraviolet spectrometry of dodecylbenzenesulfonate

Dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) is an anionic surfactant that is the most commonly used ingredient in modern cleaning agents. Globally, billions of liters of untreated DBS are released daily into natural water bodies, which may lead to fatal consequences in micro and macro living entities, and destroy the natural ecosystem. Therefore, a simple, precise, rapid, and inexpensive method for measuring DBS is crucial for developing countries. The conventional ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometric method cannot accurately estimate the DBS concentration in a solution containing a considerable quantity of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Recently, a new spectrometric method was developed using the 222.5 nm UV and 400 nm UV–visible (UV–vis) spectra to precisely estimate DBS concentration in the DBS–DOM complex solution. However, this newly developed method is yet to be validated under higher pH conditions. The accuracy of DBS measurements from the DBS–DOM complex solution under lower pH (5.5 and 6.5) and higher pH (12.5) conditions was compared in this study using the previously developed method. With the higher pH, the influence of the electrolyte increased the absorbance under the 222.5 nm UV spectrum. However, such influence decreased with the increase in DBS and DOM concentration. The UV–vis absorbance at 400 nm decreased under higher pH values when the DOM concentration increased, owing to the conformational change in DOM. Despite the contrasting trends of the absorbances in the two spectra, the studied method was proven to be equally applicable and efficient, even under higher pH conditions.     

曝气量对剩余污泥中有机质溶出的影响

剩余污泥中富含有机质、磷等物质,将其大量溶出有利于后续的资源回收利用.厌氧和好氧条件对污泥中有机质的溶出影响较大.调整不同的曝气量,对剩余污泥中SCODG,VFAs,磷等的溶出进行对比研究.结果表明,ρ(DO)<1mg/L,明显利于VFAs的生成;较高的曝气量(ρ(DO)=7mg/L)也利于SCODG的生成,但是由于存...     

Evaluation of fly‐ash additive for removal of dissolved organic matter during soil aquifer treatment of wastewater treatment plant Peffluent

BACKGROUND: Fly‐ash (FA) additive was evaluated for enhanced removal of organic matter during soil aquifer treatment (SAT) of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent in five 0.50 m length columns (diameter 0.1 m) in parallel. RESULTS: The characteristic behavior of dissolved organic matter (DOM) was examined for the stratum matrix configurations of both natural soil and a mixture of soil and FA. Incubation and fractionation experiments indicated that FA additive within the SAT columns would enhance the bulk adsorption of hydrophobic fractions, but decrease the biodegradation of the hydrophilic fraction simultaneously. The configuration design of an upper 0.25 m soil layer and a mixture of FA and soil underneath could make use of the functions of both FA adsorption and biodegradation within soil, which could lead to a further fractional removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). Moreover, FA additive in the SAT columns could result in a significant decrease of tryptophan‐like aromatic proteins and fulvic‐like components (C?C and C?O related), while the setting of the top 25 cm soil layer would lead to a further reduction of oxygen‐containing functional groups. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results, FA might serve as a supplementary material for enhancing the reduction of DOM during SAT operation. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry