亚麻籽蛋糕的研制

研究了以亚麻籽粉和面粉为主要原料的营养蛋糕的研制，通过实验确定了亚麻籽蛋糕的最佳配方为：面粉95％，亚麻籽粉5％，糖100％，鸡蛋120％。     

响应面法优化燕麦酸奶蛋糕研究

以燕麦、蛋糕粉和酸奶为主要原料,通过单因素实验和响应面法优化燕麦酸奶蛋糕的制作配方,根据感官评分,确定燕麦酸奶蛋糕的最佳配方。结果表明,燕麦酸奶蛋糕的最佳配方为:总面粉量90 g,燕麦粉占总面粉含量的30%、蛋糕粉占总面粉量70%、酸奶90 g、糖40 g、黄油10 g、鸡蛋135 g,在此配方下做出来的燕麦酸奶蛋糕口感细腻,风味均衡,综合感官品质优良。     

银杏无糖蛋糕加工技术的研究

银杏营养丰富,且具有一定保健功能,以功能性甜味剂木糖醇代替部分蔗糖制作蛋糕,研究无糖银杏蛋糕的加工技术与最佳配方,结果表明产品最佳配方为:面粉350g、鸡蛋450g、木糖醇100g、银杏粉70g.     

紫薯蛋糕的烘焙工艺优化研究

在传统蛋糕配方中添加紫薯泥,制得具有特殊风味的保健蛋糕。通过对蛋糕烘焙工艺的优化研究,得出最佳配方为144 g面粉、216 g紫薯泥、120 g白砂糖、20 g柠檬汁、100 g水、120 g植物油和450 g鸡蛋。     

含豇豆粉蛋糕的研制

将豇豆粉添加到面粉中制作面包,通过单因素与正交试验设计,优选出含豇豆粉蛋糕的最佳配方为:蛋糕专用粉200 g、豇豆粉30 g、鸡蛋420 g、白砂糖170 g、塔塔粉5 g、食用油50 g、水100 g、泡打粉5 g,此时所制得的含豇豆粉的蛋糕品质最佳。     

无糖大米蛋糕的研制

以大米为主要原料,研制出一种无糖的新型米制焙烤食品。采用感官评分方法,通过单因素试验研究了大米无糖蛋糕的配方和烘烤条件;通过正交试验研究了大米无糖蛋糕的最佳配方。结果表明:大米无糖蛋糕的配方为大米粉75 g、面粉25 g、鸡蛋175 g、无蔗糖焙烤甜味改良剂35 g、蛋糕油4 g、水20 m L、泡打粉2 g、色拉油20 m L,烘烤条件180℃、18 min,此配方制作出的大米蛋糕口感香甜、松软。     

苦荞可可蛋糕的研制

结合传统的海绵蛋糕工艺,将苦荞粉和可可粉代替部分低筋面粉,通过单因素和正交试验确定最佳配方,制得优质的苦荞可可蛋糕。本试验结果表明,苦麦可可蛋糕最佳配方为:低筋面粉70 g,苦荞粉20 g,可可粉10 g,糖70 g,鸡蛋120 g,牛奶50 g,蛋糕油3.5 g,泡打粉1.5 g,盐1.5 g。本试验为其他苦荞系列蛋糕的研制提供了理论依据。     

响应面法优化无糖米糠戚风蛋糕工艺

以面粉、米糠为主要原料,木糖醇为甜味剂,对无糖米糠戚风蛋糕的制作技术进行研究。在单因素试验的基础上,利用响应面法优化蛋糕制作工艺。结果表明:无糖米糠蛋糕的最佳配方为鸡蛋140 g、中筋面粉40 g、米糠10 g、木糖醇17 g(蛋黄部分)、水28 g、色拉油28 g、香草粉0.5 g、泡打粉0.5 g、木糖醇50 g(蛋清部分)、塔塔粉1 g、食盐0.5 g,在烘烤温度196℃、烘烤时间25 min的条件下,蛋糕的综合评分为29.86。制作的蛋糕口感细腻、香甜可口,品质最佳。     

浅谈蛋糕(三)

(二)面糊类蛋糕1.基本配方中筋面粉500g,油脂500g,蛋品500g,糖500g,主要原料的比例均为1:1:1:1。因此不必添加膨松剂,但是如果减少了油脂和蛋的用量则需加化学添加剂,否则制品达不到质量标准。这是一个典型的油脂蛋糕配方,它由面粉、蛋、糖、油脂、水果、香料等原料组成。因为油脂蛋糕本身结构比清蛋糕松散所致,所以选用中筋粉,能使蛋糕的结构得到进一步加强,从而变得更加紧密而不松散。     

麦苗蛋糕的研制

本试验主要考察麦苗粉、鸡蛋、糖、蛋糕油的用量对麦苗蛋糕产品品质的影响。在确定各物质最佳添加量的基础上,确定麦苗粉的最佳粉碎度及泡打粉和水的用量。结果表明:麦苗粉用量为60 g,鸡蛋用量为550 g,糖用量为200 g,蛋糕油用量为20 g;麦苗粉的最佳粉碎度为100目,泡打粉和水的最佳用量分别为10 g、30 mL。按此配方生产的蛋糕口感松软细腻,有淡淡的麦草香气,综合品质最好。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the