上海市白龙港城市污水处理厂中水回用工程

采用曝气生物滤池/流砂过滤器/二氧化氧工艺处理上海市白龙港城市污水处理厂的高效沉淀池出水,达到了中水回用的设计目标.该系统运行稳定,出水COD<50 mg/L、BOD5<10 mg/L、NH3-N≤10 mg/L、SS<5 mg/L、大肠杆菌<3个/L,回用作污水厂主工艺段三座高效沉淀池的加药稀释水、污泥脱水装置的加药稀释水和冲洗用水、绿化用水、道路冲洗用水等,大大节约了新水取用量,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益.     

重力出水式膜生物反应器用于再生水生产的研究

采用重力出水式膜生物反应器对低浓度生活污水的再生处理进行可行性研究.结果表明,在40 m3/(m2-h)左右的最佳曝气强度下,重力出水式膜生物反应器对污水中的氨氮、COD、浊度的平均去除率分别为95.1%、92.5%、98.2%,出水氨氮、COD、浊度、pH值和DO平均值分别为1.12 mg/L、3.8 mg/L、0.47 NTU、8.0、3.54 mg/L,完全达到了<城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质>(GB/T 18920-2002)的要求.另外,重力出水方式下的膜通量比抽吸出水方式降低了16.6%,但可使曝气能耗降低66.7%～73.3%.     

改良MBR处理高氨氮生活污水及回用的中试研究

在常规MBR的基础上增加水解区及泥水回流装置,并将其用于处理高氨氮生活污水.结果表明,当原水氨氮浓度为75～115 mg/L时,出水氨氮浓度<5 mg/L,出水水质满足<城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质>(GB/T 18920-2002)的要求;改良MBR可明显提高对氨氮的去除效果,在进水流量为1 411 L/d的条件下,对氨氮的去除率可从60%左右提高至95%以上;此工艺运行成本为1.10元/m3.低于自来水的现行价格.     

一体式生化集成工艺处理昆明烟厂生产废水

采用一体式生化集成工艺处理昆明烟厂生产废水,实际运行结果表明:该工艺运行稳定、高效、节能,运行费用低(0.7元/m3),出水水质达到<城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质(GB/T 18920-2002)及<城市污水再生利用景观环境用水水质(GB/T 18921-2002)的标准,可回用作景观、绿化用水.     

水解/接触氧化/消毒工艺处理医院污水并回用

采用水解酸化/生物接触氧化/纤维球过滤/次氯酸钠消毒工艺处理医院污水.处理规模为500 m3/d,其中300 m3/d出水水质可以达到<污水综合排放标准>(GB 8978-1996)的二级标准,其余200 m3/d经深度处理后达到<城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质>(GB/T 18920-2002)标准,可用作冲厕、绿化用水.     

臭氧—曝气生物滤池对纺织洗水的回用处理

采用臭氧--曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺对某纺织洗水厂二级生化处理出水进行了回用处理.结果表明,在进水COD约为80 mg/L、色度为16倍、浊度约为8 NTU的条件下,当臭氧投加量为30～45 mg/L、BAF的水力停留时间为3～4 h、气水比为5:1时,出水COD<30 ms/L、色度为2倍、浊度<1 NTU,出水水质可满足生产工艺对回用水的水质要求.     

A/O-MBR处理生活污水回用的试验研究

采用缺氧-好氧一体式膜生物反应器(A/O-MBR)对生活污水处理回用进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,该系统具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力,膜分离截留对COD的去除起到了决定性作用,生物膜对NH3-N的去除占主要作用.系统出水无色无味,COD、NH3-N的浓度分别为14.82和0.45 mg/L,出水水质优于城市杂用水水质标准(GB/T 18920-2002)和河道景观环境用水水质标准(GB/T 18921-2002).     

UASB/SBR/MBR工艺处理生活垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液

采用UASB/SBR/MBR工艺处理生活垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液,处理规模为100 m3/d,设计进水COD为50 000 mg/L、BOD5为25 000 mg/L、NH3-N为300 mg/L、TP为15 mg/L、SS为9 000 mg/L,出水COD为50 mg/L、BOD5为15 mg/L、NH3-N为5.45 mg/L、TP为0.27 mg/L、SS≤20 mg/L、石油类≤0.1 mg/L,达到了<城市污水再生利用工业用水水质(GB/T 19923-2005)中冷却用水水质要求,可补充到电厂循环冷却水系统中回用,实现了垃圾焚烧厂废水的"零排放"目标.     

炼油废水处理厂整体改造工程经验

中国石化股份有限公司金凌分公司的炼油废水处理厂整体改造工程包括含油废水处理系统、回用水系统以及高浓度废水处理系统三部分的改造.该项目实施后,废水处理厂出水水质达到江苏省<化学工业主要水污染物排放标准>(DB 32/939-2006),主要污染指标COD<60mg/L、NH_3-N<15 mg/L;完善了预处理系统,废水处理厂实现了稳定运行,为废水再生回用系统的稳定运行创造了条件.     

半封闭气-水反冲洗接触絮凝过滤处理农村饮用水

南方一些偏远山区由于海拔高、距离远，城镇供水管网难以延伸到位，而单村供水站主要存在浊度难以稳定达标、自用水率高的问题。为此，研发了一种半封闭气-水反冲洗接触絮凝过滤技术以处理农村饮用水，考察了其过滤性能与节水效果，并在浙江省永康市舟山镇舟一村进行应用示范。实验研究结果表明，在原水浊度为20 NTU、PAC投加量为1.5 mg/L、滤速为8 m/h、水温为25℃的条件下过滤28 h，平均出水浊度在0.2 NTU以下；在气冲强度为17 L/(m²·s)、水冲强度为4 L/(m²·s)的条件下进行气-水反冲洗，自用水率为0.96%，较单水反冲洗节约耗水67.2%。实际应用结果表明，运行3个月共计91个周期，平均出水浊度在0.5 NTU以下，过滤器最高允许液位达4～5 m，自用水率为1.37%。     

再生水用于地下回灌的加氯消毒研究

针对城市污水厂二级出水用于地下回灌的两种深度处理工艺,确定了达到消毒要求的加氯量,并且研究了加氯消毒对有关水质参数DOC、AOX、CHCl3、CCl4、UV254等的影响。研究发现,有效氯投加量在8mg/L左右时,水中细菌总数与总大肠菌群数均能达到我国饮用水卫生标准。加氯后水的DOC值变化不大,AOX值则有较明显的增大,CHCl3浓度略有增加,CCl4基本维持在加氯前的水平,UV254值也较加氯前有所增大。研究结果还表明,粒状活性炭处理工艺在污水深度处理流程中对去除消毒副产物（AOX）及其前驱物发挥着重要的作用。     

饮用净水管网余氯与细菌总数的相关性研究

通过对饮用净水的出厂水静态水质分析、主干管动态水质分析和配水管网的水质检测,考察了饮用净水管网中余氯与细菌总数之间的相关性.结果表明,饮用净水中的余氯与细菌总数之间呈较为明显的负指数相关,利用两者的量化关系,可通过余氯快速估算出细菌总数,这对提高净水系统水质生物安全性及提高供水水质管理水平具有重要意义.     

给水管网中细菌总数快速预测模型的建立与应用

对选定实际给水管网的水质进行了长期监测,研究了水质与细菌总数的相关关系,分析确定了与细菌总数相关性较高且易于测定的水温、自由余氯、总余氯、浊度及UV254等5项指标.应用多元线性回归分析建立了实际给水管网中细菌总数的快速预测模型.经验证,该模型预测的准确度为64.55%,能够用于实际给水管网中细菌总数的快速预测,可为保障供水管网水质微生物学指标的安全提供快速、可靠的技术支持.     

Effect of cavitation on chemical disinfection efficiency

This study brings out the potential efficacy of hybrid techniques for water disinfection. The techniques studied include hydrodynamic cavitation, acoustic cavitation and treatment with chemicals like hydrogen peroxide and ozone. The hybrid techniques which combine hydrodynamic cavitation, acoustic cavitation and hydrogen peroxide appear to be an attractive alternative to any one technique on its own for the reduction in the heterotropic plate count bacteria as well as indicator microorganisms like the total coliforms, fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci.     

Relationship among turbidity, particle counts and bacteriological quality within water distribution lines

The turbidity standard for water quality was evaluated in relation to total particle counts, heterotrophic plate counts and epifluorescence direct cell counts of three different municipal drinking-waters. Turbidity and particle counts were directly proportional. There was no predictable relationship between bacteriological quality and turbidity or particle counts. Heterotrophic plate counts under-estimated epifluorescence direct cell counts by a factor of at least 500. Water quality degradation occurred in municipal drinking-water systems because of intermittent short duration events that resulted in high turbidity, particle counts and heterotrophic plate counts. Further, for all parameters measured variability increased with distance traveled within a pipe except for ground water.     

A Comparative Study of Thermophilic and Mesophilic Sludge Digestion

This study compares the characteristics of substrate degradation and bacterial activities in the thermophilic process with those under mesophilic conditions. The solids retention time ranged from 2.5 to 40 days, and raw sludge (containing about 6% dry solids) was continuously fed to each process.     

Modification of the standard epifluorescence microscopic method for total bacterial counts in environmental samples

Acridine orange direct count (AODC) is a popular method for determining microbial numbers in environmental samples via epifluorescence microscopy. We have found that the color of the fluorescing cells (green vs orange-red cells) depends on the level of moisture on the filter and that the percentage of green-fluorescing cells decreases when the filter is dry. Since the level of moisture can vary across the filter and is difficult to control in any case, the use of color as a basis for inferring cell activity is not justified. The proportion of cells fluorescing green on a previously dried filter can be greatly increased by remoistening the filter prior to microscopic examination. This is advantageous since cells which fluoresce green are more easily visualized than orange-red fluorescing cells. We therefore propose modification of the Standard Methods protocol for AODC to include the remoistening step.     

Comparison of a novel MPN method against the yeast extract agar (YEA) pour plate method for the enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria from drinking water

This study compared the Quanti-Disc most probable number (MPN) test for heterotrophic bacteria from drinking water with the widely used yeast extract agar (YEA) pour plate method. The Quanti-Disc test module contains 50 reaction wells in which a medium has been pre-deposited. The medium contains a suite of three fluorogenic enzyme substrates selected for the detection of enzymes expressed widely by heterotrophic bacteria. The MPN of heterotrophic bacteria is calculated from the number of fluorescing reaction wells after incubation of a sample. Quanti-Disc and the YEA pour plate method were compared according to guidance on comparing methods given in United Kingdom national guidance and ISO 17994:2004. The two methods were also challenged with reference strains and isolates of heterotrophic bacteria from drinking water. This indicated that heterotrophic bacteria commonly encountered in drinking water are detected by both the YEA pour plate method and Quanti-Disc. Analysis of data from split water samples (723 for 37 degrees C tests and 872 for 22 degrees C tests) from nine geographically diverse laboratories in England and Wales demonstrated that the Quanti-Disc method is equivalent to the YEA pour plate method for the analysis of heterotrophic bacteria from drinking and similar waters at 37 degrees C, and superior to YEA for the analysis at 22 degrees C. The Quanti-Disc method is a simple and efficient alternative method for the enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria from drinking water.     

Φ700锤击沉管灌注桩的应用

本文结合实际工程介绍了Φ７００锤击沉管灌注桩在高层建筑基础工程中的应用，对该桩型在设计，施工方面的一些问题作了分析，研究，瓶一其它桩型进行了经济对比。     

导线网不同平差方法的比较

文章结合某地区控制测量实例,分析了两种导线网计算的差异,统计出各种误差数据及其差值,并对导线网提高精度提出相应的解决措施。