甘一酯的非等温结晶动力学研究

用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对甘一酯进行了非等温结晶动力学研究。结果表明:甘一酯的结晶放热峰为双峰,随着降温速率的减慢,结晶所用的时间越长,结晶峰向高温移动,高温结晶峰的结晶焓变减少,低温结晶峰的结晶焓变有所增加,而结晶总焓变是增加的。用Takhor方程和Kissinger方程得到了甘一酯的非等温结晶活化能,高温结晶的活化能分别为-246.73 kJ/mol和-251.63kJ/mol;低温结晶的活化能分别为-99.26 kJ/mol和-103.62 kJ/mol。用莫志深法对甘一酯的结晶动力学机理进行了研究,得到高温峰a值为1.43～1.90,F(T)值为0.77～1.28;低温峰a值为1.20～1.50,F(T)值为1.12～1.60。     

导热结构对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯非等温结晶行为的影响

针对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)中的导热结构会影响纤维材料加工成形、纺织品加工过程以及纤维性能的问题,通过熔融共混法分别制备得到含有碳纳米管、石墨烯的PET复合材料,借助差示扫描量热仪对PET的非等温结晶动力学进行研究.结果表明:掺杂的碳纳米管、石墨烯在PET中起成核剂作用,其质量分数的增加对PET的结晶温度、结晶速...     

不同纳米粉体改性生物基聚酰胺56的非等温结晶动力学

通过在生物基聚酰胺56(PA 56)切片中添加SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3和ZrO2等不同的纳米粉体进行改性,探讨不同纳米粉体对PA 56结晶速度和结晶度的影响,利用Jeziorny法和莫志深法(Mo法)对非等温结晶动力学进行分析,寻找最优的改性纳米粉体,以改善PA 56纤维的沸水收缩率.结果表明:不同纳米粉体均能在...     

新型长碳链聚酰胺1211的非等温结晶动力学

针对聚合物力学性能受微观晶型结构影响的问题, 采用一步聚合法制备了聚酰胺1211, 通过调节聚酰胺1211 的微观晶型结构来调控其力学性能。借助差示扫描量热仪对聚酰胺1211 进行非等温结晶研究, 表征其在非等温情况下晶型变化方式, 分别用Jeziorny 法和莫志深法修正的Avrami 方程分析聚酰胺1211 的非等温结晶行为。结果表明:通过Jeziorny 法修正后的Avrami 方程处理时,其非等温结晶过程由2 个阶段组成, 在主结晶期阶段Avrami 指数为2. 51 ~3. 22, 晶体为二维盘状方式生长, 在次结晶期阶段指数为0. 99 ~2. 14, 晶体为一维纤维状方式生长; 用莫志深法修正的Avrami 方程得到冷却速率值为14. 91 ~37. 57; 利用Kissinger 方法求得聚酰胺1211 非等温结晶的结晶活化能为-115 kJ/ mol。     

TLCP/PPS 原位成纤共混纤维的非等温结晶动力学

 通过熔融纺丝法制备热致性液晶（TLCP）/聚苯硫醚（PPS）原位成纤共混纤维,TLCP微纤的形成将有效增强PPS基体的力学性能,并能优化纺丝工艺。考虑到实际纺丝过程是一个非等温结晶过程,因而首先研究了共混纤维的非等温结晶动力学行为。采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）,通过非等温结晶方法研究了TLCP微纤对PPS基体结晶行为的影响,并用Jeziorny模型描述了非等温动力学。研究表明,TLCP/PPS原位成纤共混纤维的非等温结晶动力学过程能够使用Jeziorny模型来描述。在共混过程中,TLCP微纤结构起到异向成核的作用,提高结晶速率和结晶温度,降低半结晶时间。此外,采用扫描电镜（SEM）观察了挤出共混物表面形貌及共混纤维的TLCP微纤结构。     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯非等温结晶过程研究

采用DSC实验和计算机模拟实验相结合的方法,研究聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)非等温结晶过程。发现用改进的微分方程处理实验数据得到的活化能与计算机模拟的理论值拟合误差为0.048,得到的成核参数拟合误差为0.033,二者误差均在1%之内,表明可以用计算机实验的方法获得PET的活化能和成核参数等结晶性能参数。     

PVA／PEG／Mg（OH）2复合体系非等温结晶动力学研究

采用熔融共混法制备PVA/PEG/Mg(OH)2复合材料,并对其非等温结晶行为进行研究.结果表明:PEG在熔融过程中与PVA形成分子间氢键,从而打乱了PVA分子内氢键,使其熔融温度降低;PVA热塑性能的改善使其熔融结晶行为研究成为可能,适量的PEG可减弱PVA的结晶能力;冷却速度对PVA晶核的形成方式没有影响,但影响PVA的结晶度和结晶速度,在复合材料熔融加工过程中可通过调节冷却速率来改善其性能.     

碳纳米管及其复合材料的制备与性能研究进展

介绍了碳纳米管的制备、纯化和功能化修饰方法,碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料的制备主要有溶液共混法、固相加热共融法和原位聚合法,以及复合材料的力学性能、导电性能和光电性能,指出碳纳米管与聚合物的详细复合机理尚待重点研究.     

碳纳米管对棉织物的表面改性

棉纤维是纺织行业中最重要的原材料之一.与合成纤维相比,棉纤维的主要缺点是力学性能相对较差、易燃、紫外线防护性能较差.研究了碳纳米管(CNT)对普通棉纤维的功能化改性.采用浸轧法在棉纤维表面涂覆致密的碳纳米管涂层,并对织物的机械强度、阻燃性能和防紫外线性能进行了测试.由于碳纳米管的包覆和保护作用,改性棉织物表现出优异的机...     

Neurite outgrowths of neurons with neurotrophin-coated carbon nanotubes

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated with neurotrophin were used to regulate the differentiation and survival of neurons. Neurotrophin (nerve growth factor [NGF] or brain-derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]) was covalently bound to CNTs modified by amino groups using a 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) reagent. The CNTs coated with NGF or BDNF promoted the neurite outgrowths of neurons in the same manner as soluble NGF and soluble BDNF. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we demonstrated that neurotrophin-coated CNTs carry neurotrophin. These results suggest that neurotrophin-coated CNTs have biological activity and stimulate the neurite outgrowths of neurons.     

Bioaccumulation of radio-labeled carbon nanotubes by Eisenia foetida

Carbon nanotubes comprise a class of nanomaterials having demonstrated promise for broad ranges of potential applications. Because of difficulties associated with quantifying these materials in environmental media, however, their behaviors therein and associated potential risks are yet largely unknown. To address this problem, a modified chemical vapor deposition process employing carbon-14 labeled methane was used to synthesize single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The labeled nanotubes and a representative polynuclear hydrocarbon, pyrene, were then individually spiked to identical soil samples. The uptake and depuration behaviors of the spiked materials by the earthworm Eisenia foetida, a potential entry point to terrestrial food chains, were then assessed. Bioaccumulation factors determined for the nanotubes were almost 2 orders of magnitude smaller than those measured for pyrene, indicating that purified carbon nanotubes, unlike pyrene, are neither readily absorbed into organism tissues nor manifest equilibrium partitioning thereto.     

Sorption of peat humic acids to multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Sorption of humic acids (HAs) from a peat soil by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was examined in this work. Sorption rate of HAs to MWCNTs was dominantly controlled by their diffusion from liquid-MWCNT boundary to MWCNT surfaces. Size exclusion chromatography analysis did not detect preferential sorption of HA fractions to MWCNTs at equilibrium, whereas the components with lower molecular weight in some HA fractions (e.g., HA1) would more preferentially be sorbed to MWCNTs at the initial sorption stage. Equilibrium sorption intensity of HAs by MWCNTs was dependent on their surface area and a sum of meso- and macropore volume. The surface area and sum of meso- and macroporosity-normalized sorption coefficient (K(d)) values of a given HA by MWCNTs increased with increasing outer diameter of MWCNTs, because MWCNTs with larger outer diameter were more strongly dispersed by HAs thereby making more sorption sites exposed for HA sorption. Van der Waals interaction between the alkyl components rather than the aromatic ones of HAs with MWCNTs was likely the key driving force for their sorption. This study highlights the sorption rate-controlling step of HAs from a same source to MWCNTs and the major factors affecting their sorption intensity at equilibrium.     

多壁碳纳米管固相萃取技术的应用

多壁碳纳米管是一种新型纳米材料,具有独特的管状结构、良好的化学稳定性、热稳定性和高比表面积,是一种优秀的吸附材料。本文综述了多壁碳纳米管的合成,多壁碳纳米管固相萃取技术在农药残留、金属离子、多环芳烃化合物等分离富集方面的应用,以期为多壁碳纳米管固相萃取技术的进一步拓展应用提供参考。      

Adsorption of hydroxyl- and amino-substituted aromatics to carbon nanotubes

The combined effects of hydroxyl/amino functional groups of aromatics and surface O-containing groups of carbon nanotubes on adsorption were evaluated. When normalized for hydrophobicity, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2-naphthol exhibited a greater adsorptive affinity to carbon nanotubes and graphite (a model adsorbent without the surface O functionality) than structurally similar 1,3-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene, respectively, and 1-naphthylamine exhibited a much greater adsorptive affinity than all other compounds. Results of the pH-dependency experiments further indicated that the hydroxy/amino functional groups of the adsorbates and the surface properties of the adsorbents played a combinational role in determining the significance of the nonhydrophobic adsorptive interactions. We propose that the strong adsorptive interaction between hydroxyl-substituted aromatics and carbon nanotubes/graphite was mainly due to the electron-donating effect of the hydroxyl group, which caused a strong electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) interaction between the adsorbates and the pi-electron-depleted regions on the graphene surfaces of carbon nanotubes or graphite. In addition to the EDA interaction, Lewis acid-base interaction was likely an extra important mechanism contributing to the strong adsorption of 1-naphthylamine, especially on the O-functionality-abundant carbon nanotubes. The findings of the present study might have significant implications for selective removal of environmental contaminants with carbon nanotubes.