复合结构光子晶体耦合腔波导慢光特性研究

为了设计能够传输宽带低色散慢光的光子晶体波导,以三角晶格圆形介质柱光子晶体结构为基础,使用圆形散射元和椭圆形散射元进行周期性排列,采用平面波展开法对所设计的耦合腔波导进行了仿真分析。结果表明,调整缺陷行椭圆形散射元长轴R_a可以使导模最大群速度从0.035c降低到0.01c,调节缺陷行短轴R_b的值,可以再次降低导模群速度;通过改变微腔周围第1排两种散射元的面积比,能够得到最大群速度0.0065c,波长范围为3.25nm的低色散慢光;将所设计的耦合腔应用于光缓存中,计算得出缓存时间为76.82ps,存储容量达到了15.56bit。这项研究对新型光子晶体慢光器件的设计和应用具有参考意义。     

含色散增益介质光子晶体微腔的光学特性

为了理解光子晶体微腔的光学传输特性,探讨微腔的折射率对缺陷模放大特性和谐振频率的影响,采用时域有限差分法计算了含洛伦兹色散介质一维光子晶体微腔的透射谱,分析、比较了不同光子晶体微腔的透射谱。结果表明,微腔折射率的大小决定缺陷模的谐振频率,而介质色散特性将导致缺陷模频率的移动。另外,当通过复介电常数的虚部引入光学增益后,缺陷模在增益介质中被放大,其阈值特性和缺陷折射率的大小密切相关。模拟结果证明通过合理的选择微腔中介质折射率的大小,可以改善微腔的光学特性,降低激光器的阈值。     

二维三角晶格介质柱光子晶体线缺陷波导慢光研究

以二维三角晶格介质柱光子晶体线缺陷波导为研究对象,通过平面波展开(PWE)法对光在波导中传输时的慢光特性进行了仿真分析,发现光子晶体的填充因子以及线缺陷中的柱子半径大小决定了慢光导模在光子带隙中的传输特性.随着填充因子的增大,光子晶体波导的导模群速度迅速减小.缺陷柱的半径大小对导模群速度的影响要强于填充比.通过调整填充因子和缺陷柱半径,得到了导模群速度小于0.01c的波导结构.结合慢光导模的群速度色散(GVD)特性分析,发现极慢光区域的GVD值位于105～106量级,能够保证光的高效传输.     

光子晶体波导定向耦合功分器的设计

将相互耦合的3平行光子晶体单模波导看成一个多模干涉系统,通过研究二维正方晶格光子晶体波导多模干涉的自映像效应,优化设计了一种新型1×2光子晶体波导定向耦合分束器,采用时域有限差分法对其传输特性进行模拟分析。设计过程中,根据多模干涉耦合区中周期出现的双重像的位置确定两个单模输出波导的位置,通过改变输出波导和耦合区连结的一个介质柱位置构成波导微腔结构,改变耦合区中的模场分布,实现模式匹配,从而明显减小分束器的反射损耗。计算结果表明,移动介质柱距离输出单模波导和多模波导连结处1.85a位置处时,对于波长为1.55μm的入射光,该分束器的透射率可高达99.04%。     

太赫兹波在二维正三角晶格金属光子晶体中的传输特性

运用频域有限元法研究了一种二维正三角晶格金属光子晶体在太赫兹波段的传输特性。该模型选取空气为背景材料,金属铜为介质柱。通过改变太赫兹波的入射方向、晶格常数和介质柱填充率,对TM模和TE模的传输特性进行了系统完整的分析,获得了太赫兹波在正三角晶格金属光子晶体中的传输规律。结果表明,传输特性随着介质柱填充率、晶格常数及太赫兹波入射方向的变化而变化,且TE模和TM模带隙差异很大,这为太赫兹波段的光子晶体滤波器、反射器和极化器的开发与制作提供了参考依据。     

二维光子晶体波导和微腔缺陷态研究

利用二维三角晶格及正方晶格介质柱光子晶体TE偏振的禁带与介质柱半径的变化关系,分析了二维光子晶体缺陷态的分布.根据光子晶体波导间的耦合作用,计算其耦合长度设计合理的定向耦合器.通过分析波导与微腔的耦合特性,选取不同的传输方向,可以设计多种基于光子晶体波导与微腔耦合的波分复用系统.     

角锥棱镜腔Nd3+:YAG激光器被动锁模的理论分析和实验研究

报道了角锥棱镜腔Nd3 :YAG激光器的被动锁模理论分析和实验研究.理论分析并数值模拟了角锥棱镜旋转导致的腔内偏振态和光强的变化.利用偏振镜得到了线偏振的脉冲激光输出,并且和角锥棱镜一起改变腔内偏振态.实验中通过旋转角锥棱镜改变腔内的偏振态,调节腔内光强,得到被动锁模和被动调Q两种状态的脉冲输出,与理论分析的结果相一致.     

光子晶体二元缺陷微腔的光传输特性

构造和研究了光子晶体插入式二元缺陷和替代式二元缺陷微腔的光学传输特性,结果表明:随着二元缺陷自身周期数增大,微腔透射谱中分立缺陷模的数目增加,且替代式二元缺陷微腔分立缺陷模多于插入式二元缺陷微腔;随着缺陷高折射率介质厚度的增大,二元缺陷微腔的缺陷模向中间靠拢呈现简并趋势,同时禁带两侧出现多组双缺陷模,且高频一侧出现双缺陷模多于低频一侧,但替代式二元缺陷微腔出现的双缺陷模数目多于插入式二元缺陷微腔;随着缺陷低折射率介质厚度增大,插入式二元缺陷微腔的缺陷模向低频方向移动同时呈现耦合分开趋势,且透射率逐渐降低,而替代式二元缺陷微腔的缺陷模则向中间靠拢呈现简并趋势,同时缺陷模整体向高频方向缓慢移动,而透射率保持100%不变。光子晶体二元缺陷微腔的光传输特性为光学滤波器、光学开关和激光器等的设计提供了参考。     

二维正方晶格光子晶体波导的慢光特性研究

利用平面波展开法对二维正方晶格光子晶体波导进行了理论研究和分析.通过减小一排介质柱半径至原来的一半以及直接去除一排介质柱分别获得了0.066c和0.083c的最大群速度,对应的带宽分别为0.060(ωa/2πc)和0.062(ωa/2πc),得出了通过减小介质柱的半径比去除一排介质柱可获得更优慢光效果的结论.进一步分析了缺陷柱半径的变化对导模色散曲线及群折射率曲线的影响,发现当缺陷柱半径在低于介质柱半径的范围内变化时,导模曲线随着缺陷柱半径的增加而向低频方向移动,且渐趋平坦,亦即群速度变小.研究结果对优化正方晶格光子晶体慢光波导提供了理论依据.     

影响柱形微腔回音廊模激光抽运阈值能量的因素

将石英光纤浸入染料溶液中形成圆柱形微腔,并采用近轴向消逝场抽运的方式,激发染料溶液的激光增益。柱形微腔回音廊模(WGM)激光抽运阈值能量的高低与抽运激光的消逝场和回音廊模消逝场的空间重叠程度有直接关系,同时也需要考虑低阶与高阶回音廊模损耗的影响。通过改变染料溶液的折射率以及光纤直径,来改变回音廊模的消逝场分布,从而改变两种消逝场空间重叠的体积以及回音廊模的损耗。实验结果表明,柱腔直径不变时,存在一个最佳的溶液折射率值;同时,溶液折射率不变时,也存在一个最佳的柱腔直径,使得一阶回音廊模激光抽运阈值能量最低。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.