基于消费者语义感性信息的新产品方案评价研究

针对新产品设计方案评价问题,给出了一种面向消费者特殊需求偏好的感性评价方法.在该方法中,首先通过语义差分法和语义变量设计问卷获得待估新产品方案的感性信息数据以及在消费者不同偏好关系下的感性目标可能性分布;然后在此基础上,提出了以消费者感性需求为导向的评价函数,并运用混合加权平均算子对各方案评价信息集结计算;最后,依据评价函数值大小对各方案进行排序.尤其针对消费者特殊需求给定时,该模型评价函数可以计算出新产品与消费者特殊偏好的匹配程度.实例计算表明,本研究给出的方法具有可行性和实用性.     

基于模糊分析的老年概念产品感性评价方法研究

目的随着我国社会老龄化进程的不断加速,针对老年人的产品设计在考虑产品本身的功能与安全外,也需从老年人的情感角度出发,符合老年人的心理和生理需求。本文为实现老年产品设计过程的科学决策,对产品概念设计进行感性量化评价,为决策活动中选择设计方案提供科学依据。方法将用户的主观感受作为重要评价指标,把感性评价分为功能性、人机性、经济性、外观性和创新性,提出了基于模糊分析的概念产品感性评价方法。结论以老年拐杖为例开展研究,建立感性评价指标体系,构建老年设计方案的用户满意度评价模型,从而获得评价指标权重及重要度。通过模糊综合评价进行感性量化评价,得到科学的量化依据。     

基于DFA理论的电能计量箱可装配性设计评价方法

目的 以DFA理论为研究基础，构建一种新型设计评价方法，并将此方法运用于设计评价实践，即以此方法评价现有主流低压电能计量箱在可装配性方面的实际运用状况。方法 通过DFA理论与主成分分析方法的结合，构建降维加权评价数学模型，进而分析现行电能计量箱产品，从而进行设计评价。结果 运用上述降维加权评价数学模型计算电能计量箱产品A及其衍生设计样本的可装配性评价分值，得出评分结论，即得分最高的电能计量箱更满足技术工程专家的感性诉求。结论 运用降维加权评价数学模型对计量箱设计样本进行感性评价，为装配过程中一系列的感性使用体验提出理性的分值判断标准和辅助修改依据，从而提升产品装配过程中的用户体验，继而达到优化产品成本、质量和开发周期的效益。     

融合KANO和感性工学的老年家用药箱设计方法

目的 运用KANO模型和感性工学相关研究方法,设计一款老年家用智能医药箱。方法 应用KANO评价法分析老年人对家用智能医药箱的特殊需求,通过敏感度矩阵坐标图对需求的优先级进行排序,并搜集感性词汇,通过问卷调查法筛选和整理感性词汇,建立产品样本库,选取典型样本,分析语义评价法获得的数据,将用户模糊的感性意向转变成真实可用的数据,最后提取出设计元素融入老年智能药箱的设计中。结果 通过研究KANO评价法获得的老年人对智能药箱的需求,以及基于感性工学提取的颜色、材质、造型、功能等设计元素,以完成老年人家用智能医药箱的设计工作。结论 按照设计流程,分析老年用户对家用药箱的特殊需求,将用户内心的感性元素转化为真实的数据并应用到设计中,设计出真正符合用户需求的产品。在设计过程中,除了要考虑理性的产品设计要素之外,还要对用户内心的感性因素进行分析,并从目标用户视角出发进行设计实践。     

基于感性工学的家具设计方案评价

感性评价主要考察人在观察事物时的心理的认识活动,从而分析人的感性认识与评价对象之间的内在关系.应用感性工学系统的理论架构及原理,通过感性评价调查问卷的方法荻取设计专家对现代中式家具的认知与审美情趣,对问卷结果进行定量分析,寻求感性意向语汇与家具设计方案的关联关系,探讨家具设计的方案评价问题,以达到优选家具设计方案的目标.     

基于生活形态分析与模糊综合评价的老年人家具配色设计研究

目的 对老年人家具配色设计进行评价,为老年人家具行业提供配色设计参考,从而改善老年人家具的视觉体验。方法 提出基于生活形态分析与模糊综合评价相结合的研究方法。首先进行文献研究与实地访谈,在老年人生活形态分析的基础上确定老年集群,并进行老年集群家具色彩的感性意象实验得到感性词汇;然后,通过Munsell色彩体系和PCCS色彩体系,进行老年集群家具配色方案设计,对设计样本进行老年集群家具配色的模糊综合评价实验;最后,对配色评价因子进行权重分析,再对评价结果进行模糊合成计算,再依据计算结果确定最优方案。结论 以现实型老年人家具配色作为研究案例,结果表明基于生活形态分析与模糊综合评价的老年人家具配色设计方法是有效可行的。     

考虑用户共识的包装机械色彩意象模糊优选方法

目的提高包装机械色彩意象评价的科学性和客观性。方法考虑到包装机械色彩意象评价中的用户认知模糊性和差异性问题,利用梯形模糊数表达用户感性偏好,建立包装机械色彩意象模糊评价矩阵,通过构建用户感性评价共识度模型,对用户评价结果进行共识度评判与处理,提高用户感性意象评价的一致性水平。结合逼近理想解排序法和灰关联分析法对包装机械色彩意象评价结果进行排序,实现包装机械色彩方案的模糊评价和优选。结果实例分析表明,用户的认知差异问题切实存在,评价共识度会影响包装机械色彩意象评价结果。结论通过将用户共识纳入包装机械色彩意象评价过程,可以减小用户认知差异带来的影响,提高包装机械色彩意象评价质量。     

基于层次分析法和感性工学的工程车造型设计评价

目的 为了客观评价工程车造型中人为感性情感带来的模糊和不确定性因素,寻求一种科学的工程车造型设计评价方法,并对工程车造型设计各方案进行有效评价。方法 提出以层次分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process）和感性工学（Kansei Engineering）相结合的评价方法,并将其应用于工程车设计的造型意象评价中。通过感性工学量化造型意象词汇,并确定目标意象词汇,采用层次分析方法建立造型特征与意象词汇之间的关系模型,构建影响造型意象评价的指标体系,建立模糊综合评价矩阵,计算各评价指标权重并进行综合排名。结论 将该评价方法应用于四款水泥搅拌工程车造型设计方案评价中,运用模糊隶属度函数,建立了模糊综合评价矩阵,并对各个指标的评价结果进行了量化处理,筛选出最佳造型设计方案,为项目开发提供有效参考。     

基于意象仿生的儿童遥控车造型设计及评价研究

目的 基于用户需求,结合意象仿生方法和模糊评价法,指导儿童遥控车的造型设计,实现造型创新。方法 以儿童遥控车为研究对象,从细化设计流程入手,合理选择被仿生物,建立被仿生物特征与产品造型元素的映射关系,以指导设计方案。并运用模糊综合评价法,对儿童遥控车的设计方案进行评估,构建评价模型,搜集感性意象词对,建立并计算评价矩阵,得出方案的综合评价值,并根据实验结果对方案进行改良和优化。结论 运用意象仿生对儿童遥控车的造型设计进行创新,并结合模糊综合评价法,对设计实例进行验证和修改,从而可以设计出符合用户感性需求的产品,提升产品造型形象,为儿童同类产品提供参考和依据。     

BP神经网络在程控切纸机整体造型感性设计中的运用

目的运用计算机图形设计和逻辑运算方法建立用户需求与造型设计要素之间的数理联系,对程控切纸机产品进行更科学的造型设计与评价,使设计流程更加严谨。方法以语义差异法和因子分析法归纳用户感性意象评价,以形态分析法解构程控切纸机整体造型设计要素,建立感性评价矩阵,用以训练BP神经网络。结果测试后发现网络正确映射了感性意象和设计要素之间的关系,用该网络模型进行模拟预测,得到关于"高档的—低端的"感性评价最大值和最小值,对应的造型设计要素组合能给设计"高档"风格的程控切纸机提供理性支撑。结论将用户模糊不清的情感转化为定量的数据,弥补原先设计流程中单纯凭设计者主观经验去比较和评价设计方案的不足,为大型机电产品整体造型设计提供科学的设计方法。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.