共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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针对一个拥有独立细分市场的制造商与一个传统零售商组成的双渠道供应链在面临需求扰动时的定价决策及协调问题,应用动态博弈,在市场需求无扰动的前提下,建立了市场细分下双渠道供应链的模型。当市场需求发生扰动时,对于集中式供应链,通过求解供应链系统最优利润的Karush-Kuhn-Tucker(KKT)条件,分4种情形讨论,得出了市场细分下双渠道供应链的最优价格及数量决策,并将其与无扰动情形的最优决策进行比较。对于分散式供应链,推导出供应链协调时,收益共享契约应满足的条件,证明了收益共享契约能够实现市场细分下双渠道供应链的协调。算例分析结果表明:当收益共享契约参数的取值在指定区间内,供应链总利润可提高约4.5%,同时实现帕累托改进。 相似文献
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研究在VMI环境下存货影响销售量的单供应商、单零售商的两阶段供应链的协调问题。建立了集中决策下的供应链模型,求出了整体供应链的利润函数;在分散决策下,采用收益共享契约对供应链进行协调,按Stackelberg博弈方式进行建模分析,发现收益共享契约无法协调供应链,即在利益分配上,与供应商相比,零售商获得了更多的供应链收益,而且分散式系统的收益始终低于集中决策下的水平;采用Nash协商对VMI供应链进行协调,完成了供应商和零售商收益的帕累托改进,不仅实现供应链的协调,而且达到了集中决策下的水平,最后通过算例进行了验证。 相似文献
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供应链竞合博弈下,考虑由两个制造商和一个占优零售商构成的供应链系统,研究竞合博弈下供应链批发价契约,以及合作博弈下进一步考虑单制造商和多制造商分别与零售商构成的供应链中达到供应链系统协调的收益共享契约,分析了产品竞争强度对合作和竞争关系的影响,以及供应链各方收益的分配。研究结果表明,竞合博弈下供应链批发价契约即使合作也不能达到供应链协调,合作博弈下单制造商与零售商基于收益共享的合作能达到供应链协调,而零售商与多制造商基于收益共享契约的合作,将随着产品竞争强度的增大而转为与单制造商合作,合作的达成和终止由零售商占主导决策。 相似文献
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零售商具有风险规避的供应链收益共享契约设计 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
以一个具有风险规避特性的零售商和风险中性的供应商组成的两阶供应链为研究对象,探讨了供应链收益共享契约的设计问题。建立了供应链收益共享契约模型,并利用Loss-averse对模型进行了分析。得出了供应链收益共享契约能够协调该供应链,并且零售商风险规避性越强,契约参数取值范围上下限的值会随之增大。通过算例分析验证了上述结论。 相似文献
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考虑由一个制造商和线上线下两个零售商组成的绿色供应链系统,在两个零售商都面临市场需求不确定且与产品绿色度和推广努力水平相关的市场环境下,假设线下零售商进行推广努力,而线上零售商存在搭便车行为。由此,建立了制造商和两个零售商之间的博弈模型,探讨了分散决策、集中决策、收益共享与成本共担契约下的最优订货量、绿色度和推广努力水平,并对三种情形下的最优决策进行了比较和分析。研究结果表明:在分散决策情况下无法实现系统协调,通过引入收益共享与成本共担契约,当契约参数满足一定条件时,该契约模型不仅可以实现系统协调而且可以使系统成员达到帕累托改进。最后通过算例分析,探讨了相关系数对制造商和两零售商收益的影响。 相似文献
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W.S Etheridge 《Materials & Design》1981,2(3):131-140
The long-term future average growth of world consumption for most metals is likely to be much lower than that in the recent post-war period because of the lower average growth of real GDP and the generally declining metal consumption relative to GDP in the industrial economies.Average GDP growth in the developed Western industrial economies will remain relatively low until the pervasive problems of these economies, concerning their structural (resource allocation and utilization) responses to such economic stimuli as technological change, foreign competition and higher energy prices, are clearly resolved. Furthermore, it is possible that these problems will indeed soon be resolved through a deep recession if contemporary economic conditions represent the peak of a long (50-year) economic wave, as a minority opinion suggests. Such a recession would precede another boom.Relatively low average GDP growth in the developed economies would retard growth in the less developed economies. Also, the centrally planned economies, notably the U.S.S.R., face economic problems at least at severe as those in the West.Metal consumption per unit GDP (or metal consumption intensity) is likely to generally decline in developed industrial economies for most metals for two, and possibly three, reasons. First, at relatively high levels of per capita GDP there will continue to be a marked shift in the structure (composition) of GDP towards less or non-metal intensive goods and services as demand for many high metal-intensive durable goods tends to become saturated. Second, technological change will continue to contribute immensely both to higher levels of per capita GDP and, more importantly, to developing new less metal-intensive goods (such as lighter cars) and technologies (such as telecommunications). Finally, although it is not clear whether the real prices of most metals will now rise significantly in the long term (after large declines in the past), to the extent that if they do metal consumption will be further relatively discouraged.In addition, the industrialization that is under way today in some developing countries is, and will continue to be, less metal-intensive (especially for the ‘old’ metals) than applied for developing countries in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.Metal consumption intensity data are shown for seven metals and six countries. 相似文献
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In this paper, we identify various models from the optimization and econometrics literature that can potentially help sense
customer demand in the e-business era. While modelling reality is a difficult task, many of these models come close to modelling
the customer's decision-making process. We provide a brief overview of these techniques, interspersing the discussion occasionally
with a tutorial introduction of the underlying concepts. 相似文献
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由于工厂在生产过程中设备处于不同的工作状态,不同的生产状态设备发热量不同,对空调的需求风量也是变化的,空调需求控制是根据生产设备状态和节能要求自动调节空调风量和风阀开度。空调需求控制包含生产设备的数字输入状态和空调风机变频器与风阀的模拟输出及其他开停输出,系统根据生产设备的开停及对应设备的空调需求量实时自动计算出空调量需求的比例,通过PLC控制变频器频率和新风阀的开度等,实现动态满足生产线空调风量和排风的需要。 相似文献
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基于ARMA(1,1)过程的需求预测方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用移动平均法预测前置期L内的需求,推导了基于ARMA(1,1)需求过程下,零售商牛鞭效应的计算方程和大小,并讨论了方程参数对牛鞭效应的影响.通过系统动力学仿真法,在频域内研究了3种方法的系统响应曲线,得出采用移动平均法预测前置期内需求,能够很好减少牛鞭效应. 相似文献
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Demand dynamics with socially evolving preferences 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Aversi R; Dosi G; Fagiolo G; Meacci M; Olivetti C 《Industrial and Corporate Change》1999,8(2):353-408
In this work we, first, identify a few stylized facts concerningmicroconsumption acts. Second, building on them, we developa simple model of 'boundedly rational' consumers who endogenouslyevolve their preferences via both innovation and social imitation.Third, we explore some statistical properties of the demandpatterns generated by the model which, despite its simplicity,are surprisingly in line with the empirical evidence. Theseresults, we suggest, bring encouraging support to microfoundationsof demand theory based on cognitive and behavioral foundationsmore in tune with the psychological and sociological evidence,based on heterogeneous agents who are much less 'rational' andmuch more social than in standard theory, and who collectivelydiscover 'along the way' what they like within a growing universeof available commodities. 相似文献