碱性固体聚合物电解质的研究进展

碱性固体聚合物电解质（ASPE）是一类全新的电解质,具有质轻、易成膜、粘弹性好和稳定性好等许多无机电解质和有机溶剂电解质不可比拟的性能.本文综述了碱性固体聚合物电解质的种类、离子传导性、提高其性能的途径及其应用,并对其发展前景作了简要的探讨.     

复合聚电解质凝胶的制备与性能研究 Ⅰ.表面性能对凝胶的影响

采用柱状灯芯技术(Column Wicking Technique)研究了三种不同阳离子的木质素磺酸盐(木质素磺酸钠、钙和镁)的表面性能,同时应用电导率测试法对聚丙烯酰胺(PAAM)/木质素磺酸盐聚电解质凝胶的形成过程进行了研究。结果表明:木质素磺酸钙具有最高的表面能,而木质素磺酸钠的表面能最低。结合对凝胶过程的研究进一步发现,相对于聚丙烯酰胺凝胶来说,加入木质素磺酸盐对聚电解质凝胶的体系的影响是非常明显的,即木质素磺酸盐表面能大,则所形成的凝胶的电导率就小。上述结论也在实验过程得到了验证,根据手感可发现,在三种木质素磺酸盐中,加入木质素磺酸钙所形成的聚电解质凝胶具有较好的致密性和较高的强度。     

高分子固体电解质研究新进展

高分子固体电解质(SPE)是一类全新的电解质,具有质轻、易成膜、黏弹性好和稳定性好等许多无机电解质和有机溶剂电解质不可比拟的性能,近年来研究进展很快。介绍高分子固体电解质类型及其性能提高的途径。     

燃料电池固体氧化物电解质研究进展

本文对当前燃料电池用固体电解质材料的研究进展进行了综述.首先介绍了固体氧化物燃料电池的发展趋势及其与电解质材料性能的关系,然后分别对Y2O3稳定ZrO2(YSZ)、Sc2O3稳定ZrO2(ScSZ)、Ce基材料和其他一些电解质材料如Bi2O3、LaGaO3的制备、掺杂和电导率性能等方面进行了总结.最后,提出了今后电解质材料研的几个重要方向.     

ZrO2基固体电解质研究进展

本文回顾了在ZrO2基固体电解质材料电性能研究方面所取得的进展，着重对这类材料组成与电性能之间的关系进行了评述。     

复合聚电解质凝胶的制备与性能研究 Ⅱ.聚丙烯酰胺/木质素磺酸钙凝胶的溶胀行为

采用电导和称重两种方法研究了聚丙烯酰胺/木质素磺酸钙凝胶的溶胀行为及温度和pH的影响。与单一聚丙烯酰胺凝胶在相同条件下的溶胀行为比较表明:在一定温度范围内,温度高有利于聚丙烯酰胺/木质素磺酸钙凝胶的溶胀,尤其是高于35℃后更加明显。同时磺化木质素具有在酸性条件下助溶胀和在碱性条件下抑制溶胀的作用,其中pH 11是聚丙烯酰胺/木质素磺酸钙凝胶在酸碱溶液中溶胀的一个临界值。     

复合聚电解质凝胶的制备与性能研究Ⅱ.聚丙烯酰胺/木质素磺酸钙凝胶的溶胀行为

采用电导和称重两种方法研究了聚丙烯酰胺/木质素磺酸钙凝胶的溶胀行为及温度和pH的影响。与单一聚丙烯酰胺凝胶在相同条件下的溶胀行为比较表明:在一定温度范围内,温度高有利于聚丙烯酰胺/木质素磺酸钙凝胶的溶胀,尤其是高于35℃后更加明显。同时磺化木质素具有在酸性条件下助溶胀和在碱性条件下抑制溶胀的作用,其中pH 11是聚丙烯酰胺/木质素磺酸钙凝胶在酸碱溶液中溶胀的一个临界值。     

单离子型全氟凝胶聚合物固体电解质的结构与离子导电性能

从Nafion树脂出发,制备了一系列单离子型全氟凝胶聚合物固体电解质膜,其中有机极性介质为碳酸丙烯酯(PC)。通过溶胀曲线测定、红外光谱分析、复阻抗分析等手段对材料的结构与离子导电性能进行了研究。结果表明,PC与阳离子之间存在较强的相互作用,而且PC与Li+离子之间的相互作用强于PC与H+离子之间的相互作用。PC含量对材料的离子导电性能也有较大的影响。随着PC含量的增加,材料的离子电导率呈上升趋势。当PC含量较低时,Li+型样品的室温离子电导率高于H+型样品;而PC含量较高时,Li+型样品的室温离子电导率则低于H+型样品。Li+型样品和H+型样品的室温离子电导率均可达到1.25×10-4S·cm-1。     

锂离子电池凝胶聚合物电解质

对锂离子凝胶聚合物电解质的结构特征、导电机理、制备方法进行了总结和评述,对锂离子聚合物电解质及锂离子电池的发展进行了预测。     

中低温固体氧化物燃料电池电解质研究进展

固体氧化物燃料电池的中低温化是其商业化的关键所在,而在中低温度下具有高离子电导率等优良性能的电解质材料成为当今的研究热点.本文中阐述了各种电解质的导电机理、性能和研究现状,讨论了它们的优缺点和应用,且指出了中低温电解质材料的发展方向和亟待解决的问题.     

凝胶聚合物电解质在锂硫电池中的应用状况

从凝胶聚合物电解质的制备方法 (原位聚合法和溶液浇铸法)出发,对锂硫电池中凝胶聚合物电解质的应用展开了探究。     

Spectroscopic characterization of a gel polymer electrolyte of zinc triflate and polyacrylonitrile

Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy has been used to understand the changes in the zinc ion co-ordination in the gel polymer electrolyte comprising polyacrylonitrile (PAN), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC) and zinc triflate (ZnTr). The metal ions tend to co-ordinate with the solvents that manifest in the form of a shift in the wavenumbers of the ring-breathing vibrational mode of the EC. Band shape analysis clearly indicates a strong interaction of the metal ion with the plasticizers. Once the plasticizer is removed, an interaction between the metal ions and the polymer matrix is observed that manifests in the splitting and shift of CN stretching band to higher wave numbers. Presence of ion-pairs and aggregates is confirmed by analyzing the triflate-stretching band. Curve fitting analysis clearly separates out different ionic components. A correlation between the ionic conductivity values and their variation with respect to increasing salt concentration has been found and it is in tune with the spectroscopic results.     

Partial nickel plating using organic gel electrolyte

A partial nickel plating method was developed by using the organic gel electrolyte. The gel electrolyte was made from polyvinylchloride as a gelling agent and tetrahydrofuran as an organic solvent. The suitable conditions for nickel plating were investigated by the measurements of polarization curve and electrochemical impedance. The pattern electroplating using thin layer of gel electrolyte was carried out on the copper substrate. The substrate surface could be plated by nickel with high uniformity and sharp edge line. The present method will be widely used for the surface patterning without masking.     

Influences of Bentonite on conductivity of composite solid alkaline polymer electrolyte PVA-Bentonite-KOH-H2O

The influence of the dopant Bentonite, on the ionic conductivity of the PVA-KOH-H₂O alkaline solid polymer electrolyte (ASPE) is studied. The results show that the addition of Bentonite has both positive and negative effects on the ionic conductivity of ASPE. At lower KOH and H₂O contents, the addition of Bentonite can break the continuous ion conducting phase of the ASPE, and therefore decrease the ASPE conductivity. However, the addition of Bentonite can also increase the KOH content in PVA matrix. This greatly increases the conductivity of the ASPE especially at higher water content. A highest ionic conductivity of 0.11 S cm⁻¹ is reached at room temperature. A maximum ionic conductivity value is observed at relative lower water content for different amount of Bentonite-doped ASPE. The temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity is of the Arrhenius type. The ion transfer activation energy Ea, in the order of 4-6 kJ mol⁻¹, heavily depends on the Bentonite content. XRD and SEM tests show that PVA in the Bentonite-doped ASPE is of amorphous structure, and there are lots of interspaces in the composite ASPE inner structure. The composite electrolyte has good electrochemical stability window and good charged-discharge property in secondary Zn-Ni cells at low charge-discharge rate.     

The role of gel electrolyte composition in the kinetics and performance of dye-sensitized solar cells

Gel-type polymer electrolytes based on the copolymer poly(ethylene oxide-co-epichlorohydrin) and the plasticizer γ-butyrolactone (GBL) were optimized and applied in dye-sensitized solar cells. The plasticizer added to the electrolyte allowed the dissolution of a higher concentration of salt, reaching conductivity values close to 1 mS cm⁻¹ for the sample prepared with 30 wt% of LiI. Raman spectroscopy confirmed polyiodide formation in the electrolyte when the salt concentration exceeds 7.5 wt%, introducing a significant contribution of electronic conductivity in the electrolyte. The devices were characterized under AM 1.5 conditions and the I-V curves were fitted using a two diode equation. Increasing the concentration of LiI-I₂ accelerates dye cation regeneration as measured by transient absorption spectroscopy; however, it also contributes to an increase in the dark current of the cell by one order of magnitude. The best performance was achieved for the solar cell prepared with the electrolyte containing 20 wt% of LiI, with efficiencies of 3.26% and 3.49% at 100 and 10 mW cm⁻² of irradiation, respectively.     

提高凝胶电解质电导率的最新研究进展

综述了一种新型功能高分子材料——凝胶电解质近几年来的研究进展.说明了凝胶电解质的类型:固态聚合物电解质、凝胶聚合物电解质、复合凝胶聚合物电解质.重点阐述了提高凝胶电解质导电性能的方法.主要包括:采用电导率高和化学稳定性高的锂盐,采用交联、共聚和共混等方法对分子结构进行改性,降低结晶性能,添加增塑剂,添加无机填料等.并预...     

Preparation of poly(acrylonitrile-butyl acrylate) gel electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries

Poly(acrylonitrile-butyl acrylate) gel polymer electrolyte was prepared for lithium ion batteries. The preparation started with synthesis of poly(acrylonitrile-butyl acrylate) by radical emulsion polymerization, followed by phase inversion to produce microporous membrane. Then, the microporous gel polymer electrolytes (MGPEs) was prepared with the microporous membrane and LiPF₆ in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate. The dry microporous membrane showed a fracture strength as high as 18.98 MPa. As-prepared gel polymer electrolytes presented ionic conductivity in excess of 3.0 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at ambient temperature and a decomposition voltage over 6.6 V. The results showed that the as-prepared gel polymer electrolytes were promising materials for Li-ion batteries.     

凝胶聚合物电解质的电化学性能

用化学交联法制备了凝胶聚合物电解质.聚烯烃多孔膜支撑的凝胶聚合物电解质具有优良的电化学性能, 室温电导率为1.01×10^-3S•cm^-1,锂离子迁移数为0.41,在Al电极上的氧化起始电位达到4.2 V以上.采用聚烯烃多孔膜支撑的凝胶聚合物电解质制备了聚合物锂离子电池,并研究了工艺条件对聚合物锂离子电池电化学性能的影响.研究的工艺条件包括：单体添加量和电极组合方式.优化后的聚合物锂离子电池具有良好的电化学性能,1 C放电容量为0.2 C放电容量的93.2%,经100次1 C循环后的剩余容量仍在80%以上.     

Microporous polyurethane/acrylate gel polymer electrolyte obtained by emulsion polymerization

A novel polyurethane/acrylate (PUA) porous gel electrolyte was prepared by a new method, emulsion polymerization. Compared with the traditional phase inversion method, the new method can eliminate the pollution from solvent and decrease the cost of production. The swelling properties and morphology of the porous polymer membranes were characterized. The porous membranes, made by emulsion polymerization, could absorb large quantities of electrolyte solution to form porous gel electrolytes. The gel electrolytes have good solvent retention ability and high ionic conductivity. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Composite gel electrolytes based on poly(methylmethacrylate) and hydrophilic fumed silica

Transparent and highly conducting (10⁻³ S cm⁻¹) composite gel electrolytes (cges) based on poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) with 1 M LiClO₄ in propylene carbonate (PC) and hydrophilic fumed silica (SiO₂) added in different proportions up to 5 wt.% as the constituents were prepared. The unique property of the aggregates of surface hydroxyl groups of hydrophilic fumed silica to link together through hydrogen bonding to form a network and the interactions between various constituents, probed by FTIR spectroscopic technique, have revealed to control both the transport and rheological properties of the cges. The high mechanical and electrochemical stability of these cges makes them potential candidates as electrolytes in “All Solid State Electrochromic Windows” (ECWs). Detailed room temperature conductivity and viscosity measurements correlated to FTIR spectroscopic analysis of cges along with their optical and electrochemical investigations is reported in the present paper.