基于阈值的概率图可达查询

图的可达性查询被广泛应用于生物网络、社会网络、本体网络、RDF网络等.由于对数据操作时引入的噪声和错误使这些图数据具有不确定性,而确定图的可达查询不能有效地处理不确定性,因此该文研究用概率语义描述的图可达性查询.具体的,该文使用可能世界概率模型定义不确定图(称为概率图),基于该模型,研究了基于阈值的概率可达查询(T-PR).首先为避免枚举所有可能世界,给出一个基本算法可精确求解T-PR查询.其次为进一步加速基本算法,给出3种改进方法,它们是不确定事件界、同构图的缩减、基于不相交路径和割集的界.通过合理的组合给出3种方法的合并算法.最后基于真实概率图数据的大量实验验证了该文的设计.     

面向不确定图的概率可达查询

图的可达性查询被广泛应用于生物网络、社会网络、本体网络、RDF数据库和XML数据库等.由于对数据操作时引入的噪声和错误使这些图数据具有不确定性,已经有大量的针对不确定RDF和XML数据库的研究.文中使用可能世界语义模型构建不确定图,基于该模型,研究了概率可达查询(PR).处理PR查询是#P完全问题,对此文中首先给出一个基本随机算法,可快速地估算出可达概率,并且该值有很高的精确度.进一步,文中为随机算法引入条件分布(称为"条件随机算法"),采用图的不相交路径集和割集作为条件概率分布,因此改进的随机算法可准确地并且是在多项式时间内处理查询.最后基于真实不确定图数据的大量实验结果验证了文中的设计.     

基于距离阈值的不确定图可达性查询处理

在不确定数据的处理中,不确定图作为典型的数据模型得到了广泛的关注,研究的内容包括基于不确定图的子图匹配、最近邻查询及连接查询等,本文研究基于距离阈值的不确定图可达性查询,即给定不确定图及图中任意两点s、t和距离阈值d,返回s和t的d可达的概率.提出一种基于随机抽样的可达性查询处理算法.定义了一种不确定图可能图实例的分类树模型.为了提高图实例分类的获取效率,提出基于双向遍历的优化分类树模型.设计了基于图实例类抽样的可达性查询处理算法并通过理论分析和实验验证了算法的性能.     

An Indexing Method for Answering Queries on Moving Objects

We consider the problem of indexing a set of objects moving in d-dimensional spaces along linear trajectories. A simple external-memory indexing scheme is proposed to efficiently answer general range queries. The following are examples of the queries that can be answered by the proposed method: report all moving objects that will (i) pass between two given points within a specified time interval; (ii) become within a given distance from some or all of a given set of other moving objects. Our scheme is based on mapping the objects to a dual space, where queries about moving objects are transformed into polyhedral queries concerning their speeds and initial locations. We then present a simple method for answering such polyhedral queries, based on partitioning the space into disjoint regions and using a B+-tree to index the points in each region. By appropriately selecting the boundaries of each region, we guarantee an average search time that matches a known lower bound for the problem. Specifically, for a fixed d, if the coordinates of a given set of N points are statistically independent, the proposed technique answers polyhedral queries, on the average, in O((N/B)^1−1/d⋅(log _B N)^1/d+K/B) I/O's using O(N/B) space, where B is the block size, and K is the number of reported points. Our approach is novel in that, while it provides a theoretical upper bound on the average query time, it avoids the use of complicated data structures, making it an effective candidate for practical applications. The proposed index is also dynamic in the sense that it allows object insertion and deletion in an amortized update cost of log _B(N) I/O's. Experimental results are presented to show the superiority of the proposed index over other methods based on R-trees. recommend Ahmed Elmagarmid     

Reachability Problems on Regular Ground Tree Rewriting Graphs

We consider the transition graphs of regular ground tree (or term) rewriting systems. The vertex set of such a graph is a (possibly infinite) set of trees. Thus, with a finite tree automaton one can represent a regular set of vertices. It is known that the backward closure of sets of vertices under the rewriting relation preserves regularity, i.e., for a regular set T of vertices the set of vertices from which one can reach T can be accepted by a tree automaton. The main contribution of this paper is to lift this result to the recurrence problem, i.e., we show that the set of vertices from which one can reach infinitely often a regular set T is regular, too. Since this result is effective, it implies that the problem whether, given a tree t and a regular set T, there is a path starting in t that infinitely often reaches T, is decidable. Furthermore, it is shown that the problems whether all paths starting in t eventually (respectively, infinitely often) reach T, are undecidable. Based on the decidability result we define a fragment of temporal logic with a decidable model-checking problem for the class of regular ground tree rewriting graphs.     

基于Oracle的层次树查询功能及实例分析

在关系数据库中,对具有层次结构数据处理需要冗长的选代编程,层次树查询较好地解决了该问题.介绍层次树结构及基于Oracle的层次树查询方法,并结合某公司的部门组织结构.对基于Oracle的层次树查询的功能进行了详细的分析.     

一种基于维层次编码的OLAP聚集查询算法

联机分析处理(OLAP)查询往往需在海量数据上进行即席的复杂分组聚集查询,在其SQL语句中通常包含多表连接和分组聚集操作,因而减少多表连接和压缩关键字,以及对查询数据进行有效地分组聚集操作,成为ROLAP查询处理的关键问题。提出了一种基于维层次编码的新型预分组聚集算法DHEPGA．DHEPGA算法充分利用了编码长度较小的维层次编码及其前缀,来快速检索出与查询关键字相匹配的维层次编码,求得维层次属性的查询范围,减少了I／O开销,提高了OLAP查询效率。理论分析和实验结果表明,DHEPGA算法性能是非常有效的。     

Formation Reorganization by Primitive Operations on Directed Graphs

In this paper, we study the construction and transformation of 2-D persistent graphs. Persistence is a generalization to directed graphs of the undirected notion of rigidity. Both notions are currently being used in various studies on coordination and control of autonomous multiagent formations. In the context of mobile autonomous agent formations, persistence characterizes the efficacy of a directed formation structure with unilateral distance constraints seeking to preserve the shape of the formation. Analogously to the powerful results about Henneberg sequences in minimal rigidity theory, we propose different types of directed graph operations allowing one to sequentially build any minimally persistent graph (i.e., persistent graph with a minimal number of edges for a given number of vertices), each intermediate graph being also minimally persistent. We also consider the more generic problem of obtaining one minimally persistent graph from another, which corresponds to the online reorganization of the sensing and control architecture of an autonomous agent formation. We prove that we can obtain any minimally persistent formation from any other one by a sequence of elementary local operations such that minimal persistence is preserved throughout the reorganization process. Finally, we briefly explore how such transformations can be performed in a decentralized way.     

基于C＋＋的关系代数产生的安全SQL查询

在使用C＋＋开发数据库相关的应用程序时,SQL语句的产生在程序编译期间并不会进行必要的检查。本文研究在编译期间使用C＋＋编译器对关系代数运算作检查,由关系代数生成正确的SQL查询,将运行期SQL查询的部分检查工作提前到程序的编译期间处理。     

基于概念图匹配的语义相似性算法研究

本文针对传统搜索技术查全率和查准率不能满足用户日益增长的需求这一突出问题,提出一种基于概念图语义匹配的方法来计算两个本体中类之间的相似性,文中提到的本体是由实体类、这些类之间的语义关系和描述这些类的不同特征组成的.该模型首先将用户的查询信息转变为一个概念图,然后和已有的资源概念图进行匹配计算语义的相似性,实例表明该方法可以满足用户的需求,提高了检索效率.     

基于HGA优化RBF网络的污水总氮软测量

污水处理系统是一个包含海量信息的非线性复杂系统.目的是对某污水处理厂生物脱氮系统的出水总氮(TN)进行软测量建模.先用主元分析方法实现输入变量的降维和去相关,简化径向基函数(RBF)网络的输入.再应用递阶遗传算法(HGA)确定合理的RBF网络隐层节点数、基函数宽度和中心.能够同时优化网络参数和拓扑结构,在全局范围内寻找RBF参数的最优解,实现了RBF网络的自适应优化.应用该模型对出水总氮软测量进行仿真,结果表明了该网络模型的可靠和有效,说明该软测量模型具有工业应用价值和意义.     

Hierarchical Newton and least squares iterative estimation algorithm for dynamic systems by transfer functions based on the impulse responses

This paper develops a parameter estimation algorithm for linear continuous-time systems based on the hierarchical principle and the parameter decomposition strategy. Although the linear continuous-time system is a linear system, its output response is a highly nonlinear function with respect to the system parameters. In order to propose a direct estimation algorithm, a criterion function is constructed between the response output and the observation output by means of the discrete sampled data. Then a scheme by combining the Newton iteration and the least squares iteration is builded to minimise the criterion function and derive the parameter estimation algorithm. In light of the different features between the system parameters and the output function, two sub-algorithms are derived by using the parameter decomposition. In order to remove the associate terms between the two sub-algorithms, a Newton and least squares iterative algorithm is deduced to identify system parameters. Compared with the Newton iterative estimation algorithm without the parameter decomposition, the complexity of the hierarchical Newton and least squares iterative estimation algorithm is reduced because the dimension of the Hessian matrix is lessened after the parameter decomposition. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good performance.