Three-dimensional noisy image restoration using filtered extrapolation and deconvolution

The problem of restoration in fluorescence microscopy has to deal at the same time with blurring and photon noise. Their combined effects corrupt the image by inserting elements that do not belong to the real object and distort the contrast. This hinders the possibility of using the images for visualization, recognition, and analysis using the three-dimensional data. The algorithms developed to restore the lost frequencies and perform band extrapolation, in general, assume absence of noise or an additive noise. This paper presents a restoration approach through band extrapolation and deconvolution that deals with the noise. An extrapolation algorithm using constraints on both spatial and frequency domains with a smoothing operator were combined with the Richardson-Lucy iterative algorithm. The results of the method for simulated data are compared with those obtained by the original Richardson-Lucy algorithm and also regularized by Total Variation. The extrapolation of frequencies is also analyzed both in synthetic and in real images. The method improved the results with higher signal-to-noise ratio and quality index values, performing band extrapolation, and achieving a better visualization of the 3D structures.     

Range resolution improvement in FM-based passive radars using deconvolution

FM-based passive bistatic radar (PBR) systems suffer from low range resolution because of the low baseband bandwidth of commercial FM broadcasts. In this paper, we propose a range resolution improvement method using deconvolution. The output of the PBR matched filter is processed using a deconvolution algorithm which assumes that targets are isolated, i.e., sparse in the range domain. The deconvolution algorithm is iterative and was implemented by performing successive orthogonal projections onto supporting hyperplanes of the epigraph set of a convex cost function. Simulation examples are presented.     

最小方差无失真响应波束形成解卷积后处理算法

为提高最小方差无失真响应(Minimum Variance Distortionless Response,MVDR)波束形成算法的方位分辨能力,本文将MVDR算法的输出功率谱重新建模为卷积的形式,并运用两种解卷积技术对MVDR的方位谱进行后处理.该算法将角度空间中心位置的单个声源的MVDR方位谱当作点扩散函数(Poi...     

基于解卷积的频域光学相干层析像质优化

光学相干层析成像是一种新的非接触式医学成像诊断方法,具有μm级的分辨率。文中运用基于高斯点扩展函数的Lucy-Richardson迭代解卷积原理和方法,恢复包括深度信息在内的散焦空域图像,通过使用改进的直方图均衡算法,加大深层有用信息灰度值和散斑噪声灰度值的间隔,从散斑噪声中分离出有用信息,从而提高深度成像分辨率。处理结果表明,图像处理的方法可以有效地改善图像的纵向分辨率,恢复出较深的图像信息。     

基于两维解卷积和稀疏回波去噪的高分辨雷达成像方法

该文提出了一种结合稀疏低秩矩阵恢复技术以及基于匹配滤波结果的反卷积算法的高分辨率雷达成像方法。对雷达回波信号进行匹配滤波操作可以最大化回波信噪比,通过推导发现经过匹配滤波操作后的回波信号可以建模为两维卷积的形式,对该结果做维纳滤波解卷积可以获得较高的分辨率。然而典型的解卷积算法面临着病态性问题,该问题会放大解卷积后的噪声、限制解卷积后的成像分辨率。文中证明了在目标稀疏分布的先验下,经过匹配滤波后的回波矩阵满足稀疏低秩的特性。在这种情况下,利用回波矩阵的稀疏低秩矩阵特征可以进一步提高信噪比,以减轻解卷积的病态性问题以及点扩散函数的平滑卷积造成目标散射低分辨率的影响。仿真实验以及实测数据证明了所提方法的有效性。      

Compressive diffuse optical tomography: noniterative exact reconstruction using joint sparsity

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a sensitive and relatively low cost imaging modality that reconstructs optical properties of a highly scattering medium. However, due to the diffusive nature of light propagation, the problem is severely ill-conditioned and highly nonlinear. Even though nonlinear iterative methods have been commonly used, they are computationally expensive especially for three dimensional imaging geometry. Recently, compressed sensing theory has provided a systematic understanding of high resolution reconstruction of sparse objects in many imaging problems; hence, the goal of this paper is to extend the theory to the diffuse optical tomography problem. The main contributions of this paper are to formulate the imaging problem as a joint sparse recovery problem in a compressive sensing framework and to propose a novel noniterative and exact inversion algorithm that achieves the l(0) optimality as the rank of measurement increases to the unknown sparsity level. The algorithm is based on the recently discovered generalized MUSIC criterion, which exploits the advantages of both compressive sensing and array signal processing. A theoretical criterion for optimizing the imaging geometry is provided, and simulation results confirm that the new algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms and reliably reconstructs the optical inhomogeneities when we assume that the optical background is known to a reasonable accuracy.     

AOTF测量光谱分辨率提升算法的仿真

根据声光可调谐滤波器(Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter, AOTF)光谱测量系统分辨率随衍射波长变化的特点,研究了利用反卷积算法提高AOTF光谱仪测量光谱分辨能力的方法。结合光谱分辨率的分布,在谱段范围内进行坐标非线性变换,使整个光谱范围内的传递函数相同。再利用非线性迭代反卷积方法和傅里叶自反卷积方法对仿真AOTF光谱系统获取的线谱数据进行分辨率提升处理。仿真结果在分辨率上很大程度地得到了还原,原来由于分辨率低而丢失的信息得到了复原。     

多帧短曝光图像近视解卷积

本文提出一种频域压缩多帧近视解卷积算法.首先,根据波前传感器获取的大气湍流相位估计短曝光图像的初始点扩展函数,并逐步将点扩展函数调整到准确形式.通过共轭梯度(CG)算法交替解卷积频域代价函数估计目标图像和点扩展函数,为了有效压缩信息量,将图像频谱比增加到代价函数中,同时施加基本约束保证迭代快速收敛于全局最小解,采用结构自适应滤波器(SAAF)达到消除噪声的同时保护重建图像细节.实验结果表明算法能够得到高质量的重建图像,性能优于所对比多帧Tikhonov正则化解卷积和多帧Richardson-Lucy的盲解卷积算法.     

稀疏条件下基于散射点估计的SAR切片超分辨重建

从合成孔径雷达(SAR)成像模型出发,在稀疏条件下,该文结合散射中心理论,从低分辨率图像中估计高分辨率图像的散射点参数,用若干sinc函数对感兴趣目标区(ROI)进行重建并抑制旁瓣,获得超分辨ROI切片。基于非线性最小二乘(NLS)估计给出了该超分辨重建问题的迭代求解算法,并以TerraSAR-X数据进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明,该文所提方法相比双立方插值和1范数正则化方法能够获得更高的空间分辨率与目标杂波比(TCR)。后续分析表明,散射点参数的估计精度受到信噪比和sinc函数重建3 dB带宽共同影响,重建3 dB带宽越大对噪声的鲁棒性越强。     

基于Huber正则化二阶加速Richardson-Lucy湍流图像复原算法

为了快速准确地恢复湍流退化图像,提出了Huber正则化Richardson-Lucy(R-L)加速迭代盲反卷积(IBD)算法。根据图像滤波处理结果,采用Huber函数自适应地选择一阶范数和二阶范数正则化约束,增加算法收敛速度同时提高图像细节和边界复原质量。引入基于泰勒级数的二阶矢量外推加速方法,进一步增加迭代的收敛速度。实验结果表明,采用提议的算法需要的迭代次数较少,适用于实时性要求较高的场合,复原图像的主客观质量均有所提高。     

光学相干层析成像技术在器官疾病诊断上的应用

在现代医学中,核扫描、正电子发射断层扫描( Positron Emission Tomography, PET) 和磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI)技术已被广泛应用于提供组织形态和功能信息。但是这些技术在分辨率或成像深度上各有缺点,而一种基于低相干干涉原理的新型光学检测技术则可以同时实现高分辨率和大深度成像,该技术称为光学相干层析成像技术(Optical Coherence Tomography,OCT)。OCT技术是一种将高纵向分辨率和高横向分辨率结合的非接触、非侵入、无损伤影像技术,可以实现与活体组织病理学观察相同的作用。OCT采用低能量的近红外光源作为探测光,并结合显微镜头、手持式探头或内窥镜等非损伤方式进行常规检测,不会对生物组织造成损伤。同时OCT结合发展迅速的图像采集分析处理技术,可实现实时三维成像,从中提取对诊断有用的信息进行定量分析,为医生的诊断提供便利。该综述重点介绍经典OCT成像技术及其相关医疗应用技术,如SD-OCT、SS-OCT、aOCT、PS-OCT和D-OCT,在呼吸系统、口腔、脑组织和肾脏等其他主要器官疾病检测中的应用。     

Exact frequency-domain reconstruction for thermoacoustic tomography--I: Planar geometry

We report an exact and fast Fourier-domain reconstruction algorithm for thermoacoustic tomography in a planar configuration assuming thermal confinement and constant acoustic speed. The effects of the finite size of the detector and the finite length of the excitation pulse are explicitly included in the reconstruction algorithm. The algorithm is numerically and experimentally verified. We also demonstrate that the blurring caused by the finite size of the detector surface is the primary limiting factor on the resolution and that it can be compensated for by deconvolution.     

基于CV-FISTA网络的稀疏孔径ISAR成像方法

逆合成孔径雷达(inverse synthetic aperture radar,ISAR)在雷达目标识别、空间监视和弹道导弹防御等领域发挥着重要作用。针对传统稀疏孔径ISAR成像算法对参数敏感和收敛速度慢的问题,提出一种基于复值快速迭代收缩阈值算法网络的稀疏孔径ISAR成像恢复方法。将加速近端梯度方法引入稀疏重构算法中,并将其迭代步骤构建为深度展开网络的隐藏层,构建初始参数相同的随机散射点和飞机散射点的数据集,将复值一维距离像作为网络的输入,利用ISAR像对应的标签对网络进行训练和验证。该方法直接处理复数数据替代传统的分实虚部两路计算方法,显著减少了计算负担。仿真实验表明,相较于传统模型驱动算法,通过对网络进行训练避免了手动调参过程,收敛速度更快,成像质量更高,而且对于特征差异较大的数据具有更好的泛化能力。     

基于紧致字典的基追踪方法在SAR图像超分辨中的应用

基追踪方法是信号稀疏表示领域的一种新方法.它寻求从超完备的基集合(字典)中得到信号的最稀疏的表示,即用尽可能少的基尽可能精确地表示原信号,从而获得信号的内在本质特性.本文将基追踪方法的应用扩展到SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar)图像的超分辨问题上来.首先在相位历史域依据SAR目标属性散射模型构造了一类紧致字典,从而大大减小了所求解问题的维数,其次设计了一种新的迭代算法进行快速求解,得到SAR图像中各散射中心位置和幅度的高精度估计,最后依据相位历史域SAR目标属性散射模型,生成更大尺度的相位历史数据,对生成的相位历史数据成像即得到更高分辨率的SAR图像.仿真算例和MSTAR实测数据计算表明,基于紧致字典的基追踪方法能够快速稳定实现,同时具有良好的超分辨性能.     

自适应光学相干层析在视网膜高分辨成像中的应用

视网膜光学相干层析（OCT）技术利用外部低相干光源照射人眼眼底,并将人眼眼底散射信号进行干涉成像,获得人眼视网膜的断层图像信息,以实现人眼视网膜无创、实时、在体的光学活检。传统光学相干层析在视网膜成像时的轴向分辨率可达3 μm以上,但由于人眼个体差异和不可避免的像差限制了视网膜OCT的横向分辨率,只能达到约15~20 μm。而自适应光学作为一项波前校正的先进技术,可以校正OCT色差以及人眼有限视场和眼球运动导致的像差,将OCT横向分辨率提高到低于2 μm,以实现视网膜细胞及微细血管近衍射极限成像,及时发现患者眼底存在的早期病变。在介绍自适应光学和视网膜光学相干层析的技术特点基础上,对自适应光学在视网膜光学相干层析成像应用的国内外发展现状进行了论述,总结了自适应光学OCT视网膜高分辨成像在宽带光源色差校正、眼球运动伪影减少、自适应光学视场扩大和波前传感与校正系统简化的关键技术和未来发展趋势,以实现大视场、高效率、高灵敏度、高分辨率的高速人眼视网膜成像,为未来自适应光学OCT视网膜成像技术的研究和应用提供参考和借鉴。     

基于加速阻尼Richardson-Lucy算法的湍流退化图像盲复原方法

提出了一种基于加速阻尼Richardson-Lucy(ADRL)算法的湍流退化图像盲复原方法,称为ADRL-IBD方法。在阻尼Richardson-Lucy算法的基础上,引入二阶矢量外推加速技术对其进行加速,形成ADRL算法,并将该算法应用到迭代盲目反卷积(IBD)算法中。使用长曝光大气湍流光学传递函数的物理模型或根据观测图像来获取初始的点扩展函数(PSF),利用阈值分割技术获取图像目标的可靠支持域,在每一次迭代中,对图像施加支持域约束。模拟图像和实际湍流退化图像复原结果表明,基于Richardson-Lucy算法的IBD算法要优于基于Wiener滤波的IBD算法,并且ADRL-IBD算法具有较强的抗噪性,与RL-IBD算法相比,收敛速度更快,复原结果更好。     

空间扩展目标对准误差图像的高分辨复原

大气湍流、光子噪声和光学跟踪系统对准误差严重降低了空间目标观测图像的分辨率.根据最大似然估计原理,建立了提高目标图像分辨率的多帧盲反卷积算法,用共轭梯度优化方法从目标记录图像估计出原始目标函数和点扩散函数.运用低通平滑滤波技术在算法迭代过程中逐步完成对噪声的抑制.模拟实验数据和实际图像的复原结果表明,论文建立的盲反卷积算法有效地克服了大气湍流、光子噪声和光学系统对准误差,提高了目标图像的分辨率,复原目标图像的分辨率达到了光学衍射极限的水平.     

自聚焦共焦光纤传感器轴向分辨率的影响因素

分析和研究了光纤光斑尺寸、透镜的数值孔径、放大倍率、光纤与透镜的匹配及装配等对自聚焦共焦光纤传感轴向分辨率的影响。指出，为使系统获得较高的轴向分辨率，需控制与光纤光班尺寸有关的参数A≤3，选用大放大倍率的自聚焦透镜，并使透镜的数值孔径小于光纤数值孔径，同时要保证透镜与光纤间的精密装配。     

Model-based 2.5-d deconvolution for extended depth of field in brightfield microscopy.

Due to the limited depth of field of brightfield microscopes, it is usually impossible to image thick specimens entirely in focus. By optically sectioning the specimen, the in-focus information at the specimen's surface can be acquired over a range of images. Commonly based on a high-pass criterion, extended-depth-of-field methods aim at combining the in-focus information from these images into a single image of the texture on the specimen's surface. The topography provided by such methods is usually limited to a map of selected in-focus pixel positions and is inherently discretized along the axial direction, which limits its use for quantitative evaluation. In this paper, we propose a method that jointly estimates the texture and topography of a specimen from a series of brightfield optical sections; it is based on an image formation model that is described by the convolution of a thick specimen model with the microscope's point spread function. The problem is stated as a least-squares minimization where the texture and topography are updated alternately. This method also acts as a deconvolution when the in-focus PSF has a blurring effect, or when the true in-focus position falls in between two optical sections. Comparisons to state-of-the-art algorithms and experimental results demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach.     

利用光折变全息术实现的光学子波变换

提出了用镀膜方法制备Ｈａａｒ模板，用光折变晶体记录子波函数的全息匹配滤波器，在一个无焦成像系统中实现了二维子波变换。给出了简要的理论分析和实验结果。