可全生物降解PLA/PBAT/PHBV共混材料的结构与性能

为了得到刚性与韧性平衡的聚乳酸（PLA）基可生物降解共混材料,通过熔融共混挤出法制备了不同质量比的PLA/己二酸-对苯二甲酸-丁二酯共聚物（PBAT）/聚（3-羟基丁酸-co-羟基戊酸共聚酯（PHBV）可全生物降解共混材料,采用SEM、TG、DSC、毛细管流变仪和万能材料试验机对PLA/PBAT/PHBV共混材料的形态结构、热性能、流变性能和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:PLA/PBAT/PHBV共混材料的热失重起始分解温度相对纯PHBV提高了45 ℃,热稳定性提高;共混体系中各组分的玻璃化转变温度与单一体系相比几乎无变化,PLA/PBAT/PHBV共混体系为完全不相容体系,同时PBAT和PHBV的加入阻碍了PLA的冷结晶;PLA/PBAT/PHBV 共混体系的共混形态呈“海-岛”分布,PBAT和PHBV均匀地分散于PLA基体中,相界面分明;随着PBAT含量增加,PLA/PBAT/PHBV共混材料熔体的流动性增加,温度变化对黏度的影响变大;PLA/PBAT/PHBV质量比为70/20/10的共混材料可在保留纯PLA 60%拉伸应力的同时,拉伸应变提高到纯PLA的2.6倍,韧性得到改善。所得结论表明PLA/PBAT/PHBV质量比为70/20/10的共混材料的综合力学性能较纯PLA好。      

PLA/MgAlCu-LDH复合材料的制备、表征及性能研究

用溶液插层法制备了PLA/MgAlCu-LDH共混溶液,通过涂膜法制备了不同MgAlCu-LDH含量的PLA/MgAlCu-LDH复合膜,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、力学性能测试仪器对制备的复合膜的形貌、结构及性能进行测试表征。结果表明:部分PLA分子链插入到MgAlCu-LDH片层间隙中,使得MgAlCu-LDH层间距变大,MgAlCu-LDH作为插层剂对整个共混聚合物的韧性和强度有明显的影响;PLA/MgAlCu-LDH复合材料的杨氏模量随MgAlCu-LDH含量的增加而增加,加入少量MgAlCu-LDH时PLA/MgAlCu-LDH复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度和断裂伸长率均增加,在室温下拉伸时,PLA/MgAlCu-LDH 3%(质量分数)复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度和断裂伸长率分别比PLA提高14.5%、11.5%和23.7%。     

Additive manufacturing of mechanical testing samples based on virgin poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and PLA/wood fibre composites

3D printing in additive manufacturing is considered as one of key technologies to the future high-precision manufacturing in order to benefit diverse industries in building construction, product development, biomedical innovation, etc. The increasing applications of 3D printed components depend primarily on their significant merits of reduced weight, minimum used materials, high precision and shorter production time. Furthermore, it is very crucial that such 3D printed components can maintain the same or even better material performance and product quality as those achieved by conventional manufacturing methods. This study successfully fabricated 3D printed mechanical testing samples of PLA and PLA/wood fibre composites. 3D printing parameters including infill density, layer height and the number of shells were investigated via design of experiments (DoE), among which the number of shells was determined as the most significant factor for maximising tensile strengths of PLA samples. Further, DoE work evaluated the effect of material type (i.e., neat PLA and PLA/wood fibres) and the number of shells on tensile, flexural and impact strengths of material samples. It is suggested that material type is the only predominant factor for maximising all mechanical strengths, which however are consistently lower for PLA/wood fibre composites when compared with those of neat PLA. Increasing the number of shells, on the other hand, has been found to improve almost all strength levels and decrease infill cavities. The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-018-0211-3     

X-射线衍射测定PP/EV共混物晶胞参数的研究

用X-射线衍射法测定了PP/EVA共混物的晶胞参数,结果显示:PP/EVA共混物中基体PP的晶体为υ-晶型,属单斜晶系。PP的晶胞参数并没有由于EVA的加入而发生改变,PP和EVA没有形成共晶,PP/EVA共混物的结晶与其组成无关。     

基于BP神经网络的淀粉/EVA复合发泡材料 流变性能预测模型及应用

以聚乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)添加质量分数、甘油添加质量分数、Na HCO3添加质量分数为3个输入量,以淀粉/EVA复合发泡材料熔体的黏度值为输出量,建立了3层BP(back propagation)神经网络模型,并通过毛细管流变仪对复合发泡材料的熔体黏度进行测试,将其正交试验结果作为样本进行训练。研究结果表明,该BP神经网络模型能较为准确地预测复合发泡材料的流变性能;同时发现,随着EVA添加质量分数的增加,复合发泡材料的熔体黏度增加;而随着甘油添加质量分数的增加和Na HCO3添加质量分数的增加,所得复合发泡材料的熔体黏度均下降。     

The manufacture and investigation of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polypyrrole/EVA nano-polymeric composites for electromagnetic interference shielding

In this study, the multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)-polypyrrole (PPy) was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the cationic surfactant. The high electric conductivity of the MWNT-PPy(Cl⁻) was affirmed by the measurement of 4-point-probe method. Then, the MWNT-PPy(Cl⁻) was used as conductive fillers and was compounded with ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) by blending to form polymeric composite (MWNT-PPy(Cl⁻)/EVA) that possesses excellent electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI SE). Because of the high conductivity of the MWNT-PPy(Cl⁻) (29/71 wt.%), the MWNT-PPy(Cl⁻) would interdict the conductive network in the composites. This polymeric composite material could shield the electromagnetic wave. As the cationic surfactant CTAB was added in the MWNT-PPy(Cl⁻) chemical oxidative polymerization process, the effect of the surfactant was dispersed, absorbed and attenuated on the MWNT in the chemical oxidative polymerization. For this reason, the EMI SE of the MWNT-PPy(Cl⁻)/EVA composites had an obvious improvement from 10-15 dB to 45-55 dB. In this investigation, the optimum conductive filler was 75.0 phr PPy(Cl⁻) coated on 18.0 phr MWNT. The morphology of the composite also presented a uniform conducting network when a lot of MWNT-PPy(Cl⁻) was added.     

竹纤维/聚乳酸可降解复合材料相容界面构建进展

竹纤维/聚乳酸可降解复合材料是一种性能优越、可完全生物降解的绿色生态环保材料。在针对亲水竹纤维与疏水聚乳酸界面不相容而导致竹纤维/聚乳酸复合材料性能劣化的问题,研究者通常采用三种策略来提高其界面相容性:竹纤维改性、聚乳酸树脂改性和增容剂改性。在现有研究基础上,未来可以通过引进纳米纤维改性粒子改善复合体系的界面相容性,完善两相界面基础理论,促进更深入的界面作用及其机理研究,以推动竹纤维/聚乳酸可降解复合材料的发展。     

PBS增韧改性MWNTs/PLA导电3D 打印耗材的制备及性能

为解决多壁碳纳米管/聚乳酸(MWNTs/PLA)导电打印耗材变脆的问题,本文利用双螺杆熔融共混方法,制备了聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)增韧改性的MWNTs/PLA复合材料。研究发现,PBS添加量对复合材料的性能有显著影响。随PBS含量增加,复合材料的电阻率升高,断裂伸长率和冲击强度明显提高,但拉伸强度、弯曲强度和硬度有所降低。当PBS含量为10%时,共混复合材料的综合性能最好,并根据最佳条件制成具有一定韧性的导电3D打印耗材,实际使用效果良好。     

Sodium alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol) alloy membranes for the pervaporation, vapour permeation and vapour permeation with temperature difference separation of dimethylformamide/water mixtures: A comparative study

In this study, sodium alginate (NaAlg)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membranes were prepared for the separation of dimethylformamide (DMF)/water mixtures. The two polymer components were independently crosslinked chemically with glutaraldehyde. The crosslinked membranes were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The permeation and separation characteristics of water/DMF mixtures were investigated using the vacuum processes pervaporation (PV), vapour permeation (VP) and vapour permeation with temperature difference (TDVP) methods. The effects of NaAlg/PVA ratio, membrane thickness, operating temperature and temperature of the membrane surroundings, feed concentration on the transmembrane permeation rate and separation factor were investigated. Optimum NaAlg/PVA ratio was determined as 80/20 (w/w) for the separation. The permeation rate in VP was lower than those in PV, whereas the separation factors were higher. The activation energies of permeation in PV and VP were calculated to be 5.070 and 2.229 kcal/mol, respectively, for a 20 wt% of DMF solution.     

A novel poly(triazine imide) hollow tube/ZnO heterojunction for tetracycline hydrochloride degradation under visible light irradiation

A novel poly(triazine imide) hollow tube (PTI)/ZnO heterojunction was prepared by a molten salts method. The photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. The results showed the ZnO nanoparticles were successfully coupled into the PTI hollow tube to form PTI/ZnO heterojunction. The degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) under visible light irradiation was used to evaluate the activity of photocatalyst. The PTI/ZnO-6?wt% heterojunction exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity, which can degrade almost all TC within 90?min. The kinetic constant of degradation reaction with PTI/ZnO-6?wt% heterojunction (0.034?min^?1) is about 5 times as high as that of the PTI (0.0070?min^?1). A possible photocatalytic mechanism for heterojunction according to the energy-band theory was proposed.     

A study on hybrid bioceramic coatings of HA/poly(vinyl acetate) co-deposited electrochemically on Ti–6Al–4V alloy surface

A novel electrochemical co-deposition approach was developed to prepare hybrid bioceramic coating of hydroxyapatite (HA)/poly(vinyl acetate) on the surface of Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The aim is to improve the adhesion between the HA coating and the metal substrate. Surface characterization showed that the composition of inorganic phase in the composite bioceramic coatings was mainly HA and the content of organic phase was more than 4% (W/W). Significant surface morphology changes were observed. The shear-testing experiments indicated that the bonding strength of the hybrid coating to metal substrate was increased by as much as 3 MPa.     

Mechanical properties of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites

In this present review, the current status of the intrinsic mechanical properties of the graphene-family of materials along with the preparation and properties of bulk graphene-based nanocomposites is thoroughly examined. The usefulness of Raman spectroscopy for the characterization and study of the mechanical properties of graphene flakes and their composites is clearly exhibited. Furthermore, the preparation strategies of bulk graphene-based nanocomposites are discussed and the mechanical properties of nanocomposites reported in the literature are analysed. In particular, through the analyse of several hundred literature papers on graphene composites, we have found a unique correlation between the filler modulus, derived from the rule of mixtures, and the composite matrix. This correlation is found to hold true across a wide range of polymer matrices and thus suggests that the common assumption that the filler modulus is independent of the matric is incorrect, explaining the apparent under performance of graphene in some systems. The presence of graphene even at very low loadings can provide significant reinforcement to the final material, while the parameters that affect the nanocomposite strongly are thoroughly reviewed. Finally, the potential applications and future perspectives are discussed with regard to scale up capabilities and possible developments of graphene-based nanocomposite materials.