带OCL约束条件的类图到Object-Z规格说明的转换

如何提高软件的可靠性是目前软件研究领域的一个热点。将形式化方法和主流的软件开发方法相结合是一个可行的方法。本文研究UML语言和Object-Z语言相结合的方法,为主流的软件开发人员所使用的图形化规格说明技术与形式方法提供的精确的分析和验证技术架起了一座桥梁。本文定义如何将带0CL约束条件的类图转换到Object-Z规格说明的方法。这样不仅可以通过支持Object-Z语言的工具采对UML语言描述的系统性质进行验证和确认,而且能够帮助规格说明人员方便地构造Object-Z规格说明。     

UML技术在实际工程中的应用

UML(标准建模语言)是面向对象技术一个重要应用,也是近代软件工程环境中对象分析和设计的重要工具。该文首先介绍了UML的基本内容,然后结合课题的分析设计过程对UML技术的具体应用做了详细的描述。     

Automatic Verification of a Behavioural Subset of UML Statechart Diagrams Using the SPIN Model-checker

Statechart Diagrams provide a graphical notation for describing dynamic aspects of system behaviour within the Unified Modelling Language (UML). In this paper we present a translation from a subset of UML Statechart Diagrams - covering essential aspects of both concurrent behaviour, like sequentialisation, parallelism, non-determinism and priority, and state refinement - into PROMELA, the specification language of the SPIN model checker. SPIN is one of the most advanced analysis and verification tools available nowadays. Our translation allows for the automatic verification of UML Statechart Diagrams. The translation is simple, proven correct, and promising in terms of state space representation efficiency. Received September 1999 / Accepted in revised form February 2000     

UML类图中面向非功能属性的描述和检验

为系统构建模型是软件开发中的一项关键活动.一个高质量的模型不仅要包含系统的功能属性,即系统能够做什么,同时还应包含系统的非功能属性,即系统的质量如何.目前,通用的建模方法和工具对功能属性建模支持良好,而对如何为非功能属性建模关注得不多,特别是如何将二者统一起来并对描述的非功能属性的有关性质进行检验.通过在UML类图中增加非功能属性标注和约束关系表等建模元素来扩展UML类图,使其能够描述非功能属性.在此基础上,又提供了对扩展UML类图中非功能属性的一致性和可满足性进行检验的方法.通过实例对上述的面向非功能属     

基于BISON的 UML语法分析器设计

目前基于UML类图和状态图做面向对象软件测试方面已有不少研究，因此研究如何实现一个UML语法分析器有其现实意义。利用BISON设计了一个UML语法分析器，通过对UML文档的词法语法分析，实现了从UML文档中自动提取用于软件测试的信息，提高了软件测试效率。在VC6.0环境下对该分析器仿真，实验结果表明，软件能正确提取测试需要的信息。     

UML类图在关系数据库中的实现

UML是目前面向对象程序设计中的一种标准的建模技术。在关系数据库系统的设计过程中,先利用UML建立商业模型,然后将其映射成表。主要讨论如何将UML类图中的类映射成表的策略。     

UML类结构的形式化

为面向对象建模概念建立坚实的语义基础,越来越受到人们的重视。通过提供精确的概念特征定义,可建立精确的面向对象的行为模型和结构模型,便于对模型进行严格的分析。ＵＭＬ是一种被推荐的面向对象建模语言,ＲＡＩＳＥ是欧洲流行的一种形式方法,该文使用ＲＡＩＳＥ来表达ＵＭＬ类结构的含义。     

UML类图与关系数据库之间的映射策略

UML是目前面向对象程序设计中的一种标准的建模技术。在关系数据库系统的设计过程中,我们可先利用UML建立商业模型,然后将其映身成表。本文主要讨论如何将UML类图中的类映射成表的策略。     

UML结合软件工程教学改革探讨

结合本校计算机专业的实际教学情况,深入分析UML课程教学内容,并结合软件工程教学,以汽车销售管理系统为例,通过分析汽车销售管理系统,并在设计过程中融入软件工程思想,将软件工程与UML完美结合起来。以UML作为基础,增强学生对开发项目的兴趣和感性认识,提高他们分析和解决实际问题的能力,从而达到UML与软件工程教学共赢的目的。     

基于UML规格说明测试用例生成工具

利用UML状态图,采用基于状态的测试数据生成标准生成测试用例。其中UML状态图是测试用例生成的关键部分,在某种意义上,UML状态图能够图容易生成测试用例。     

基于语义与句法的Java类库检索方法与系统

提出了一个支持系统化、大规模软件复用的基于语义与句法的可复用模块的检索方法,并介绍了基于此方法支持Jwa类库的实用检索系统。软件开发者既可以使用自然语言直接描述待开发软件的功能语义并用此查询类库中的相关模块,也可以通过对输入输出数据类型的描述对Java类库进行快速地查询,还可以同时使用两者的组合来提高可复用库模块查询的精度。     

一种基于UML状态图的面向对象类级测试模型

扩展有限状态机（EFSM）因其具有对系统控制特征（即系统的状态）和数据特征的平面结构描述,而有利于对软件的测试。然而对一个较复杂的类直接建立EFSM图比较困难。将两种工具的优势相结合,提出了一种UML状态图转为扩展有限状态机的方法,使之能采用传统的测试疗法对类进行状态覆盖和数据流覆盖。     

Automatic Generation of UML Class Diagrams for Object-oriented Design and Programing Course

UML Class diagram generation from textual requirements is an important task in object-oriented design and programing course. This study proposes a method for automatically generating class diagrams from Chinese textual requirements on the basis of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and mapping rules for sentence pattern matching. First, classes are identified through entity recognition rules and candidate class pruning rules using NLP from requirements. Second, class attributes and relationships between classes are extracted using mapping rules for sentence pattern matching on the basis of NLP. Third, we developed an assistant tool integrated into a precision micro classroom system for automatic generation of class diagram, to effectively assist the teaching of object-oriented design and programing course. Results are evaluated with precision, accuracy and recall from eight requirements of object-oriented design and programing course using truth values created by teachers. Our research should benefit beginners of object-oriented design and programing course, who may be students or software developers. It helps them to create correct domain models represented in the UML class diagram.     

一种UML类图的复杂性和可复用性度量方法

UML类图描述了系统中的类及其相互之间的各种静态关系,为了对UML类图提供客观的评价,通过对典型度量方法的改进,文章采用一组度量从不同侧面来评价一个类图的复杂性和可复用性,并考虑了类图中属性和方法在公有、私有和受保护性质方面的区别。     

UML顺序图的自动验证

UML顺序图反映了系统中并发对象之间的消息交互及顺序,在软件建模中占有重要地位。该文对UML顺序图模型的自动验证方法进行了研究,在把UML顺序图转换为Promela语言后,使用模型检验器SPIN来验证系统设计模型是否满足某些关键性质需求。为了加强该方法的适用性,采用可扩展的标记语言XML文件格式定义顺序图模型的外部表示形式,该表示方法遵从OMG的XMI标准,从而使验证过程适用于不同的UML建模环境。     

基于UML状态图的类测试用例自动生成方法

UML作为面向对象软件开发的事实上的标准建模语言，近年来得到了广泛的应用，基于UML的测试也成为面向对象软件测试的研究热点。该文把基于扩展的有限状态机EFSM的唯一输入输出UIO测试用例自动生成方法和UML的类的状态图相结合，提出了一种基于UML状态图的类的测试用例自动生成方法。     

An empirical analysis of information retrieval based concept location techniques in software comprehension

Concept location, the problem of associating human oriented concepts with their counterpart solution domain concepts, is a fundamental problem that lies at the heart of software comprehension. Recent research has attempted to alleviate the impact of the concept location problem through the application of methods drawn from the information retrieval (IR) community. Here we present a new approach based on a complimentary IR method which also has a sound basis in cognitive theory. We compare our approach to related work through an experiment and present our conclusions. This research adapts and expands upon existing language modelling frameworks in IR for use in concept location, in software systems. In doing so it is novel in that it leverages implicit information available in system documentation. Surprisingly, empirical evaluation of this approach showed little performance benefit overall and several possible explanations are forwarded for this finding.

UML2．0顺序图的XYZ／E时序逻辑语义研究

UML2．0顺序图适合于描述软件体系结构的各个组件之间和复合组件内部各个子组件之间的动态交互行为，但由于UML2．0顺序图的语义不够精确，使得它的描述结果不利于进一步的分析和验证。基于此，本文在定义UML2．0顺序图的语法和语法约束的基础上，给出了UML2．0顺序图的XYZ／E时序逻辑语义，为使用UML2．0顺序图与XYZ／E相结合的方式来描述软件体系结构的动态交互行为奠定了基础。     

UML时间顺序图的可达性分析

对于实时系统来说,UML顺序图描述了对象之间的交互。对象之间的交互展现了系统行为的场景。本文中,我们针对描述多场景的UML顺序图组合中的可达性问题进行研究。尽管这个问题可以转换为相应的时间自动机,然后进行处理,但其转化为之后,状态空间巨大,解决的开销比较大,效率不高。针对部分可达性问题,本文采用更为高效的基于线性规划的解决方案,其思想如下:首先遍历所有到达给定节点的简单路径片断来验证可达性,随后遍历到达给定节点的并且包含所有循环至多一次的路径片断来验证可达性。由于我们并没有遍历所有路径片断,因此用本文的方法判定给定节点的可达性的时候,结果会有三种:可达,不可达和不确定。由于有些循环与可达性是无关的,我们进一步通过识别哪些循环与可达性无关,对算法进行改进。     

Towards improving usage and management of supplies in healthcare: An ontology-based solution for sharing knowledge

The goal of this work is to contribute to an improvement in the management and usage of medical items in hospitals by developing an ontology-driven solution that organizes and describes clearly related knowledge. Experts in the purchasing and management of hospital supplies (administrative and clinical) were invited to participate at different stages of the ontology-based system development. As a result of the first stage, the HealthCatalog ontology was developed. This ontology models generic items included in a health catalog and their management. Secondly, a further refinement of the ontology was conducted by specifically studying the case of gloves. Twenty-seven references of different glove types were modeled and included in the ontology during the stage two. A prototype was then developed as a proof of concept and for the evaluation of the ontology. Finally, a usability evaluation was planned to improve the ontology and obtain feedback from experts after testing the system. Experts involved in the evaluation stressed its potential use in a real clinical environment and the benefits it would bring in terms of cost and sharing knowledge among clinical personnel. Our proposed ontology-based system provides an understandable and organized solution to capture knowledge regarding item management and usage. It addresses the integration challenge of health catalogs while providing a framework for collaborative sharing and knowledge acquisition among clinicians.