Oscillatory insulin secretion after pancreas transplant

In vivo studies of beta-cell secretory function have demonstrated the existence of rapid insulin oscillations of small amplitude recurring every 8-15 min in normal subjects. This study evaluated the effects of pancreas transplant on rapid insulin oscillations. Samples for glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were drawn during constant glucose infusion at 2-min intervals for 90 min from six successful Px patients with type I diabetes mellitus, from six normal nondiabetic control subjects, and from three Kx subjects. A computerized algorithm (ULTRA) was used for pulse detection. In the Px group, the average insulin pulse period was significantly shorter than in both the control and Kx groups (Px 8.1 +/- 0.5, control 12.5 +/- 0.7, Kx 12.4 +/- 0.5 min, P < 0.0005). By contrast, the C-peptide pulse periods (Px 16.8 +/- 2.3, control 14.7 +/- 1.2, Kx 15.3 +/- 1.5 min) were similar in the three groups. Spectral analysis confirmed that the frequency of the insulin pulses was increased in the Px group. The absolute amplitude of the insulin pulses was greater in the Px group (P < 0.001) while the amplitude of the C-peptide pulses did not differ between the groups. Cross-correlation analysis demonstrated maximal correlation coefficients at a lag of 0 min between insulin and C-peptide (control r = 0.33, P < 0.0001; Kx r = 0.17, P = 0.06) and between insulin and glucose (control r = 0.21, P < 0.001; Kx r = 0.20, P < 0.02) in the control and Kx groups, respectively, whereas no significant correlations were observed at any lag in the Px group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Synthesis of Dy2O3 nanoparticles via hydroxide precipitation： effect of calcination temperature

This work described the preparation of dysprosium oxide, Dy2O3, nanoparticles using the homogeneous precipitation method. Dy3+ ions were precipitated using NaOH solution. The obtained product was filtered, dried, and then calcined for 1 h at the temperature range of 300–700 °C in static air. The calcination temperature of the Dy-precursor was chosen based on its decomposition as indicated by the TGA analysis. The crystalline structure and surface morphology of the calcined solids were studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The obtained results revealed that Dy2O3 with crystallites size of 11–21 nm was formed at 500 °C. Such value increased to 25–37 nm for the sample calcined at 700 °C.     

Characteristics of Calcined Magnesite and Its Application in Oxidized Pellet Production

Calcined magnesite is a binding additive and an MgO-bearing flux for pellets production.The effects of calcination temperature and time on the characteristics of calcined magnesite were investigated.Experimental results indicated that the best calcination condition was 850℃and 1h.Under this condition,the hydration activity of the calcined magnesite was 80.56%,and the average diameter of crystal grain D,specific surface area Sand the medium particle size D50 were 25.4nm,45.40m2/g and 3.41μm,respectively.This kind of calcined magnesite was a good binding additive for pellets production.At the same proportion of calcined magnesite,the effects of activities of calcined magnesite on metallurgical properties of green pellet and indurated pellet showed that calcined magnesite with high activity could improve the dropping strength and compressive strength of green pellet and enhance the burst temperature of green pellet;however,the effects of activity on compressive strength,low-temperature reduction degradation index,reduction swelling index and reduction index of indurated pellet were not obvious.     

Design and synthesis of Fe-Ce-O@C with efficient photocatalytic activity

Fe-Ce-OH@AR14 was obtained via the adsorption of acid red 14(AR14) on Fe-Ce-OH prepared by the codeposition of cerium nitrate hexahydrate,ferric nitrate nonahydrate,and ammonia,and then Fe-Ce-O@C with high photocatalyic efficiency was synthesized by the calcination of Fe-Ce-OH@AR14 in N₂.For comparison,Fe-Ce-O was also prepared by the calcination of Fe-Ce-OH in N₂.The obtained materials were characte rized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS...     

Shape control over microwave hydrothermally grown Y2O3:Eu by europium concentration adjustment

Two-step synthesis of Y2〇3:Eu nanostructures was performed. It includes microwave driven hydrothermal and calcination stages. Performed route results in crystallization of Y4〇(OH)g(N〇3):Eu crystals initially, then Y2〇3:Eu crystals after calcination. Arranged Eu contents in relation to overall cation quantity were set to 2 mol%, 10 mol% and 20 mol%. Varying europium concentrations influence habit of obtained Y4〇(OH)g(N〇3):Eu crystals from needle-like to plate-like and as a result, also shapes of final Y2〇3:Eu nanostructures. Additionally, certain amount of Eu2+ ions was detected in as-grown material using laser spectroscopy and decay kinetics measurements. Obtained material was calcined at 1200 °C in the air, which results in oxidation of Eu2+ ions and crystallization of small number of cubic EU2 O3 nanocrystals. Characterization of obtained materials was performed using XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, CL,Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy.     

Microwave gel combustion synthesis and sinterability of Nd：GGG nanopowders

Neodymium doped gadolinium gallium oxide （Nd：GGG） nanopowders synthesized by microwave gel combustion using alanine as a fuel was reported. Metal nitrates solution with alanine fuel was combusted in microwave to give precursor. The micro-wave precursor powder was calcined at different temperatures from 800 to 1100 ℃. Phase pure Nd：GGG formation took place at 800 to 1100 ℃ as observed by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and Fourier transform infra-red （FTIR） spectroscopy. However particle size in-creased with calcinations temperature from 25 nm at 800 ℃ to 200 nm at 1100 ℃.Nd：GGG nanopowder obtained at different calci-nation temperatures were compacted and sintered at 1550 ℃ for 3 h in air. Most densified ceramic was obtained from Nd：GGG nanopowder calcined at 1100 ℃. Microstructure as observed from scanning electron microscopy （SEM） showed that the most densi-fied ceramic, obtained from nanopowder calcined at a higher calcination temperature, had a more uniform grain-size distribution, fewer pores and greater densification. XRD of sintered sample showed retention of phase purity.     

Effect of calcination temperature on structural properties and catalytic activity in oxidation reactions of LaNiO3 perovskite prepared by Pechini method

The study presented the preparation of the perovskite oxide LaNiO3 by the complex citrate method, paying particular attention to evolution of its formation from the amorphous precursor with varied calcination temperatures. The products obtained after heat treatment under air between 200 and 800 ℃ were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), SBET measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed the formation of a single phase with perovskite structure from ca. 550 ℃. Tests on the two catalytic oxidation reactions of C3H6 and CO over the system calcined between mentioned temperatures were examined on the basis of characterization results and showed that optimum catalytic properties for such reactions were achieved for the perovskite calcined at 600 ℃. In turn, correlations between redox and catalytic properties were established on the basis of thermogravimetric temperature programmed reduction (TPR) analysis.     

Effect of Er,Gd, and Nd Co-Dopants on the Properties of Sm-Doped Ceria Electrolyte for IT-SOFC

Doped ceria electrolytes of Ce_0.8Sm_0.20O_1.90 (SDC), Ce_0.8Er_0.08Sm_0.12O_1.90 (ESDC), Ce_0.8Gd_0.08Sm_0.12O_1.90 (GSDC), and Ce_0.8Nd_0.08Sm_0.12O_1.90 (NSDC) were prepared by a citric–nitrate combustion process. The thermal decomposition of the precursor was investigated by simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis experiments. The phase structure of the calcined and sintered powders was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. All of the samples were fluorite-type ceria-based solid solutions. The calcined and sintered powders were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the samples after calcination and sintering. A relative density over 95 percent of the theoretical density was achieved after the sintering process. Electrical conductivities of the sintered samples were measured using the impedance spectra method. The highest ionic conductivity value was found to be 5.28 × 10^?2 S cm^?1 at 1023 K (750 °C) for GSDC sintered at 1673 K (1400 °C) for 6 hours.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定钼矿石和钼精矿中铼

采用氧化镁焙烧样品,热水浸提后不需分离富集,电感耦合等离子体质谱法直接测定钼矿石及钼精矿中铼。对不同焙烧熔剂、焙烧条件、浸提条件以及仪器测定条件进行了研究,结果表明：以氧化镁为焙烧试剂,在650 ℃保温90 min,趁热用热水浸提为最佳溶样条件,测定时选用¹⁰³Rh为内标元素,可有效校正仪器漂移,减小基体效应的干扰。方法检出限为0.005 μg/g,回收率在94%~102%之间。本方法经国家标准物质分析验证,结果与认定值吻合,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=5）≤3.6%,适合钼矿石及钼精矿中含量为0.05~300 μg/g铼的测定。     

PHYSICAL METHODS FOR INVESTIGATING THE PROPERTIES OF OXIDE POWDERS IN RELATION TO SINTERING

Abstract

By the application of several modern techniques, a fairly thorough characterization of even the finest oxide powders with respect to particle and crystallite size and shape may be obtained. The application of these techniques is discussed with particular reference to the characterization of a sample of Mg(OH₂) and the oxides prepared from it by calcination in vacuo. The techniques described are, however, exacting and time consuming and whilst invaluable for any basic study cannot, in general, be considered practicable in routine work. For this reason a final section is devoted to a discussion of attempts to “calibrate” the results from conventional techniques in terms of the more fundamental parameters of powder characterization.     

煅烧温度对硅藻土净化焦化废水效能的影响

选用临江硅藻土和张家口硅藻土进行焦化废水的吸附净化,作为焦化废水预处理和后处理的手段.考察了不同温度煅烧对硅藻土自身性质和对焦化废水净化效能的影响,探讨了硅藻土作为焦化废水净化手段的可行性.能谱分析表明原始张家口硅藻土中有机质含量偏高.煅烧前后两种硅藻土的形貌、晶型并未发生明显变化;煅烧后两种硅藻土中碳含量有所减少.无论煅烧与否,临江硅藻土在254nm和269nm处色度去除方面都明显优于张家口硅藻土.500℃煅烧的临江硅藻土对化学需氧量的去除率达到61.8%,而张家口硅藻土仅达到30.3%;500℃煅烧的临江硅藻土对氨氮的去除率达到50.4%.实验结果证明硅藻土可以作为焦化废水的预处理和后处理手段.     

CO and C3H8 total oxidation over Pd/La-Al2O3 catalysts： Effect of calcination temperature and hydrothermal treatment

A series of Pd/La-Al2O3（PLA） catalysts with La-Al2O3（LA） support calcined at different temperatures（500, 700, 900 and 1050 oC） were prepared using an incipient wetness impregnation method. The activity of the fresh and hydrothermally aged PLA catalysts were tested for total oxidation of CO and C3H8. The activity of the fresh PLA catalysts for CO and C3H8 oxidation increased with increasing calcination temperature of the support, while the activities of the aged catalysts declined and became essentially the same. CO chemisorption results revealed that the suppressed activities of the aged catalysts were mainly due to the decline of palladium dispersion. The turnover frequency（TOF） of CO oxidation increased with increasing reduction ability of the catalysts, with a fresh catalyst calcined at 1050 oC having the highest value（0.048 s–1）. However, the TOF of C3H8 total oxidation was affected by not only the redox properties of catalysts but also the size of Pd particle, and large Pd particles possessed higher TOF value of C3H8 oxidation, with the highest value（0.125 s–1） being obtained on an aged catalyst calcined at 500 oC.     

Efficient removal of K2O and Fe2O3 impurities from bauxite tailings through active calcination combined with acid leaching

In the present study, direct acid and active calcination–acid leaching processes were employed to remove K₂O and Fe₂O₃ impurities from bauxite tailings. For direct acid leaching, the results indicated that Fe₂O₃ can be removed with the addition of 3?mol?L^?1 HCL, whereas K₂O cannot be removed even when the concentration of HCl is higher than 7?mol?L^?1. As the bauxite tailings were calcined at 400–700°C, both K₂O and Fe₂O₃ were removed at low HCl concentration (3?mol?L^?1), which was ascribed to the removal of hydroxyls and increased K activity, derived from X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.     

石油焦煅烧程度对铝用炭阳极显微结构及电解消耗的影响

以不同煅烧程度石油焦为骨料,煤沥青为黏结剂制备铝用低煅焦炭阳极.通过激光共聚焦扫描显微镜和图像分析方法对炭阳极孔隙结构进行分析表征,并考察阳极反应性和电解消耗性能.在煅后焦微晶尺寸1.7~2.7 nm范围内降低石油焦煅烧程度,炭阳极小孔隙逐渐沿骨料-黏结剂界面演变为裂纹状大孔隙,炭阳极孔隙率、形状因子及连通率均先减小后增大,视孔隙比表面积呈减小趋势.煅后焦微晶尺寸降低至1.9 nm较为适宜,对应的炭阳极空气和CO₂反应质量损失率最少为9.6%和3.0%,每吨铝阳极碳耗为355.4 kg.低煅焦炭阳极过量消耗机制从以黏结剂选择性消耗转变为骨料与黏结剂共同消耗,使碳渣量减少.     

The Reduction of Calcined Dolomite by Alumini Um Carbide

Abstract

A differential thermal analysis technique was used to examine the reaction of aluminium carbide and calcined dolomite and to determine the equilibrium pressures above the system.

The reaction proceeded according to the equation

6Cao + 9MgO + Al₄C₃ = 9Mg + 3CO + 2(CaO) ₃ Al₂O₃

Ìt was suggested that calcium carbide was an intermediate in the reaction.

The heat and free energy of reaction were found and were used to obtain values of the standard heat and free energy of formation of (CaO)3 AlZ03 from its elements of -885. 1 kcal/mol and -843.9 kcal/mol respectively.

The van't Hoff relation for the measured pressure above the system was log P_mm.Hg = ?1.537 × 10⁴/T + 11.75     

Effect of calcination temperature on steam reforming activity of Ni-based pyrochlore catalysts

This work served as the second part of a study evaluating the effect of calcination temperature(700-1000℃) on Ni-based lanthanum zirconate pyrochlore catalysts for methane steam reforming.A previous study(Haynes et al.Ceram.Int.2017(43) 16744) provided a thorough characterization of the material properties for the catalysts used here,and this study focuses on the evaluation of catalytic activity.The activity was assessed by two different experimental studies:the effect of reaction temperature using a temperature programmed surface reaction(TPSR),and the effect of reaction pressure.The results demonstrate a complex interaction between the Ni particles and surface LaO_x species under the methane steam reforming conditions.Specifically,the material calcined at the lowest temperature(700℃) possesses the highest activity and selectivity,which is attributed to smaller and more welldispersed Ni particles on the surface,and,more importantly,a lesser degree La enrichment at the surface.All catalysts were deactivated by steam to NiO under all conditions tested,but at certain low reaction pressure(p=0.23 MPa) conditions the materials calcined at 700-900℃ are able to completely recover equilibrium activity in-situ that is then robust and stable under both low and high reaction pressures(p=1.8 MPa) suggesting the formation of a synergistic relationship between Ni and La for syngas production.However,exposure of a fresh material to high reaction pressures leads to a rapid and irreversible loss in both CH4 conversion and syngas selectivity whether in the fresh(no pretreatment),or pretreated(steam,H_2 or Ar only at 800℃) form for any catalyst.The mechanism for deactivation appears to be due to the presence of LaO_x species that become mobile,possibly by the formation of La-OH,and covers the active Ni particles and inhibits sites responsible for the CH4 decomposition.     

Fabrication, characterization, and electrical conductivity properties of Pr6O11 nanoparticles

Pr6O11 nanoparticles were obtained by subsequent thermal decomposition of the as-prepared precipitate formed under ambient temperature and pressure using NaOH as precipitant.The calcination process was affected,for 1 h in static air atmosphere,at 400-700 °C temperature range.The different samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),in situ electrical conductivity,and N 2 adsorption/desorption.The obtained results demonstrated that nano-crystalline Pr6O11,with crystallites size of 6-12 nm,started to form at 500 °C.Such value increased to 20-33 nm for the sample calcined at 700 °C.The as-synthesized Pr6O11 nanoparticles presented high electrical conductivity due to electron hopping between Pr(III)-Pr(IV) pairs.     

Aluminum Leaching from Calcined Coal Waste Using Hydrochloric Acid Solution

Coal waste is the largest industrial solid waste generated from coal preparation plants during the processing and cleaning of coal for electric power generation. Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃, 16–36%), silicon dioxide (SiO₂, 45–58%), and carbon (4–25%) account for more than 90% of the coal waste. In this paper the results of aluminum leaching from calcined coal waste are reported. Techniques including XRD, SEM, and FTIR were used to characterize the coal waste before and after calcination. Three additives were evaluated during the calcination process to improve the extraction of Al₂O₃ by hydrochloric acid dissolution. The results from the leaching experiments show that coal waste is activated after calcination at a temperature between 650°C and 750°C. With addition of sodium fluoride effective aluminum dissolution of 90% was achieved under certain conditions. The extent of leaching was found to be 20% higher than that achieved without sodium fluoride addition.     

Antithrombin III during cardiac surgery: effect on response of activated clotting time to heparin and relationship to markers of hemostatic activation

This study was designed to determine if, and to what extent, antithrombin III (AT) levels affect the response of the activated clotting time (ACT) to heparin in concentrations used during cardiac surgery, and to characterize the relationship between AT levels and markers of activation of coagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). After informed consent, blood specimens obtained from eight normal volunteers (Phase I) were used to measure the response of the kaolin and celite ACT to heparin after in vitro addition of AT (200 U/dL) and after dilution with AT-deficient plasma to yield AT concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 U/dL. In Phase II, blood specimens collected before the administration of heparin and prior to discontinuation of CPB, were used to measure the response of the kaolin ACT to heparin (preheparin only), AT concentration, and a battery of coagulation assays in 31 patients undergoing repeat or combined cardiac surgical procedures. In Phase I, strong linear relationships were observed between kaolin (slope = 1.04 AT - 2, r2 = 0.78) and celite (slope = 1.36 AT + 6, r2 = 0.77) ACT slopes and AT concentrations below 100 U/dL. In the pre-CPB period of Phase II, only factors V (partial r = -0.49) and VIII (partial r = -0.63) were independently associated with heparin-derived slope using multivariate analysis; an inverse relationship was observed between AT and fibrinopeptide A levels (r = -0.41) at the end of CPB. Our findings indicate that the responsiveness of whole blood (ACT) to heparin at the high concentrations used with CPB is progressively reduced when the AT concentration decreases below 80 U/dL. Because AT is variably, and sometimes extensively, reduced in many patients before and during CPB, AT supplementation in these patients might be useful in reducing excessive thrombin-mediated consumption of labile hemostatic blood components, excessive microvascular bleeding, and transfusion of blood products. IMPLICATIONS: Heparin, a drug with anticoagulant properties, is routinely given to patients undergoing cardiac surgery to prevent clot formation within the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit. However, when levels are reduced, heparin is not as effective. Findings within this study indicate that administration of antithrombin III may help to preserve the hemostatic system during cardiopulmonary bypass.