Travel Self-Containment in Master Planned Estates: Analysis of Recent Australian Trends

Low density suburban development and excessive use of automobiles are associated with serious urban and environmental problems. Master planned development suggests itself as a possible palliative for these ills. This study examines the patterns and dynamics of movement in a selection of master planned estates in Australia with the aim of developing new approaches for assessing the containment of travel within planned development. A geographical information systems methodology is used to determine regional journey-to-work patterns and travel containment rates. Factors that influence self-containment patterns are estimated with a regression model. The findings of the pilot study demonstrate that the proposed model is a useful starting point for a systematic and detailed analysis of self-containment in master planned estates.     

Planning the Outward Growth of Australian Capital Cities: Brisbane

The South East Queensland (SEQ) region recently has experienced the highest growth rates of any urban fringe region in Australia. The belated appreciation of the significance of this rapid growth and of the implications for public policy and public finance by government have led to what may become a major shift in coordinated metropolitan planning in Queensland. The potential for a significant shift in policy is enormous, but the actual impact is as yet uncertain.     

Planning the Outward Growth of Australian Capital Cities: Perth

Over the last twenty years the Perth Metropolitan Region has consistently been one of Australia's fastest growing urban areas. In that twenty years it has diversified its economic base to service the State's growing mineral and agricultural industries as well as capitalising on the growing significance of the tertiary sector. The outcome of this growth has been a modern sprawling city. Perth's central area is dominated by a narrow spine of high rise offices but within a few kilometres low density suburbia predominates. While the suburban areas have been concentrated in a corridor form since the 1970s they remain largely uniform and ‘placeless’ in their physical identity. Perth has been described ‘as a suburb in search of a city’ (Seddon, 1991).     

江南新城

项目区位埃里克·欧文·摩斯建筑事务所接受委托,对南京以东、镇江市辖下的句容市新城开发进行了前期研究和概念性规划设计.研究项目选址位于南京市区、禄口国际机场和句容城区之间,包括赤山-赤山湖、二圣水库、茅山水库和小浮山四块相互分离又互有联系的基地,区位条件非常优越.     

Smart Cities and Mobility: Does the Smartness of Australian Cities Lead to Sustainable Commuting Patterns?

ABSTRACT

Smart cities have become a popular concept because they have the potential to create a sustainable and livable urban future. Smart mobility forms an integral part of the smart city agenda. This paper investigates “smart mobility” from the angle of sustainable commuting practices in the context of smart cities. This paper studies a multivariate multiple regression model within a panel data framework and examines whether increasing access to broadband Internet connections leads to the choice of a sustainable commuting mode in Australian local government areas. In this case, access to the Internet is used as a proxy for determining urban smartness, and the use of different modes of transport including working at home is used to investigate sustainability in commuting behavior. The findings show that an increasing access to broadband Internet reduces the level of working from home, public transport use, and active transport use, but increases the use of private vehicles, perhaps to overcome the fragmentation of work activities the Internet creates. How to overcome the need for car-based travel for fragmented work activities while increasing smartness through the provisioning of broadband access should be a key smart city agenda for Australia to make its cities more sustainable.     

The Development of Housing Policy in the English Regions: Trends and Prospects

This paper explores the emergence of housing strategies at the regional level in England in the context of wider ambiguities over establishing this new tier of governance. The paper notes the growing differentiation in local housing markets across the country and examines the implications for national policy formation and the development of new regional structures and responsibilities. These trends are interpreted by reference to different models of governance and the 'rescaling' of government functions and responsibilities in housing. The implications of these processes for housing strategy formation at the regional level are then assessed. The development of regional housing strategies is then considered against three key challenges: the growth of 'network' forms of governance, the applicability of the regional level as a tier for strategy formulation and development, and the different policy responses in other sectors towards housing market change at the sub-national level. The paper concludes by briefly considering likely future developments in regional governance. In conclusion it suggests that the aim of achieving greater integration between housing, planning and economic development strategies may be threatened by underlying processes of uneven economic growth and social polarisation.     

Understanding Urban Conservation Controls in Australian Cities

During the last decade or so, several Australian governments have developed controls to preserve the built environment. The necessity of such controls derives from the form of the development of industrial capitalism over the last century, and particularly the more recent development of the ‘corporate city’.

The recent development of specific site controls and planning legislation implicitly recognises this and reflects the ‘public good’ nature of conservation, and the necessity for inclusion in the general twentieth century state intrusion. Conservation is thus, it is concluded, more a question of political economy than taste and aesthetics.     

Regions,Territories and Strategies: Trends in Contemporary Practice and Thinking

This article develops a framework to evaluate organizational longevity, change and success amongst feminist planning initiatives. It takes a comparative approach, reviewing the histories of four long-lived planning organizations, based in Toronto, Melbourne, Montréal and London. It investigates questions of how feminist planning organizations survive and thrive over the long haul, how they replenish membership and leadership, and how success and limitations can be comparatively analysed.     

Understanding Master-Planned Estates in Australian Cities: A Framework for Research

Master-planned estates (MPEs) are becoming increasingly important as a part of the urban residential fabric and have recently begun to attract significant research attention. Our purpose in this article is to engage critically with understandings of MPEs in the Australian context and to suggest the need for both empirical and theoretical expansion. We draw on research into MPEs in the greater metropolitan region of Sydney and demonstrate how their diverse form and character exceed the parameters of Blakely and Snyder's (Fortress America, Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC, 1997) influential and widely cited typology of MPEs. In a move towards grounded theory, we build from our findings to suggest three key analytical dimensions needed to equip us with more complex and theory-driven understandings of the dynamic forms and outcomes of MPE development: (i) the nature of governance mechanisms that produce MPEs and govern life within them; (ii) the influence of housing market context on the unfolding of urban social processes; and (iii) the dynamic and lived nature of neighbourhood and community. These dimensions are aimed to capture the empirical multiplicity of the MPE phenomenon and to broaden the scope of the theoretical and analytical frameworks that have characterised their Australian analysis. It is our hope that analysis framed by these expanded dimensions can contribute to the project of enhancing theoretical recognition of urban difference under distinct and unique Australian conditions.     

Relocating Disadvantage in Five Australian Cities: Socio-spatial Polarisation under Neo-liberalism

During the mid-1980s, the Australian political discourse shifted decisively towards a neo-liberal political agenda that has remained the dominant policy paradigm ever since. Arguably, a key outcome of this has been an increase in social inequality. However, there has been little acknowledgement of this process in Australian urban policy debates. Yet these social outcomes have been accompanied by distinctive impacts on the socio-spatial structure of the Australian city. Using Census data over a 25 year period between 1986 and 2011, this paper analyses the trend towards a marked suburbanisation of the most disadvantaged households in the five major Australian cities. Its conclusions have relevance for current metropolitan planning strategies and their capacity to address what is emerging as Australia’s version of the now more widely recognised “urban inversion” of the last quarter of a century.     

“可持续场地评估体系”在增强城市和区域水弹性的应用

中国和世界各国的政府、水利部门、社区和商企都在寻找着有效的供水管理和应对洪涝、干旱、污染和基础设施老化等问题的策略。应对这些问题所付出的代价可能会严重影响到一个城市或区域的长期弹性和活力。可持续场地倡议（SITES）针对建筑室外环境的设计和维护,尤其城市景观,提出了一种新的标准。随着世界人口增长和城镇化的发展,在城市区域中健康景观的营造和使用变得尤为重要,通过这种途径不仅可以抵消开发带来的影响和极端气候事件,还能重建人类与自然的连系,并获得自然界固有生态系统服务功能的效益。     

Theory and Practice in Metropolitan Strategy: Situating Recent Australian Planning

Over the last several years, metropolitan strategies have been produced for the five mainland state capital cities of Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth. The distinctive characteristics of Australian urban planning mean that they can be shown to reflect an Australian paradigm of planning. However, this paradigm is rewritten in different ways in each strategy reflecting the particular institutional circumstances and political culture of each state. In doing so there is some strong reaffirmation of this paradigm, but also indications of a more relational and transactive manner of planning adding further process to product. Here there is some resonance with recent developments in planning theory and to some extent in practice—largely in Europe.

     

澳大利亚大都市区发展与规划对策

澳大利亚大都市区的发展有其独到之处.扩展高速公路沿线的居住用地、开发沿海旅游区以及有选择地整合一些破败的工业区是带动澳大利亚大都市区演变的主要因素.这非常不同于亚洲大都市区发展中受制造业扩散显著影响的特点.本文通过讨论澳大利亚的城市体系、大都市的空间特色以及规划管理对策,使读者对澳大利亚大都市区的发展和规划有一个系统的了解.