Changing neighbourhood character in Melbourne: point Cook a case study

In the past two decades, Melbourne has been subjected to diverse pressures due to its changing scale and function within the global system of cities. Among many other features of the new phase in Melbourne’s urban transformation are its new suburbs which have proliferated in large numbers at the city’s urban fringe. Characteristic of these suburbs is a new urban character which has evolved as a by-product of a pre-defined and controlled mechanism in planning, design and implementation of housing developments. The objective of this paper is to investigate the process that determines the evolution of this new character; examining the role of local planning authorities and developers in shaping the built environment. Firstly, the paper discusses the definition of neighbourhood character and its interpretation among academics, policy makers, planners, urban designers, developers and real estate agents. Then in a three-step process the nature, quality and style of neighbourhood character in Point Cook are investigated through analysis of Council policies and through review of developer statements on character building and place-making. Lastly to understand how the idea of character is constructed and enacted by local residents of Point Cook, a survey was administered for the residents.     

Co-opting the Night: The Entrepreneurial Shift and Economic Imperative in NTE Planning

The City of Sydney Council has presented their night-time economy plan (NTE) – Open, Future directions for Sydney at night – as a unique and substantial contribution to global city planning literature. This paper critiques the plan and demonstrates how Open is strongly aligned with, and constrained by the neoliberal-inspired cultural-economy framework of the Council’s overarching policy vision: Sustainable Sydney 2030. Such co-opting of policy evinces an entrepreneurial shift in NTE planning where economic interests procure substantial voice in the consultation, and eventual policy directions of changing the nightscape. The paper explicates the economic imperative(s) of Open within the context of one inner city Sydney suburb, Surry Hills.     

Beyond the School Fence: Rethinking Urban Schools in the Twenty-first Century

Schools have traditionally been black-boxed in urban planning, in Australia and elsewhere. During the twentieth century, the shaping of a “community within a community” that informed liberal educational thought materialised in campus-style schools that were exempted from local planning laws, contributed to sprawl and car dependency, and duplicated facilities provided by local authorities. Advocacy of compact city forms underpinning recent urban policy calls for a rethink by education and planning authorities of how schools engage with their urban surrounds. Focussing on Melbourne, Australia, this article discusses some challenges for the provision of schools and schooling in twenty-first century cities.     

低碳城市理念在上海新城规划中的实践应用

新城战略是贯穿上海城市规划的基本规划战略之一。面对城市转型发展的宏观背景,上海启动新一轮新城建设,低碳生态的基本理念成为指导新城建设的重要指导思想。作为上海本轮首个批复的新城规划,南桥新城总体规划修编在工作过程中从网络生态、紧凑发展、复合有机三个层面落实低碳城市理念的基本出发点,搭建起规划理念到实践间的桥梁。     

Building the Connection Between Housing Needs and Metropolitan Planning in Sydney,Australia

The theme of a more compact city has been a central feature of planning policy for Sydney's development over the last two decades. Urban consolidation, in the form of attached dwellings in medium- and high-density configurations, has become the predominant form of new residential development since the early 1990s. One of the largely untested claims for this policy is that it provides more housing choice for an increasingly diverse population and that simply building larger amounts of smaller housing in high-density concentrations will be sufficient to meet that demand. As a result, planning for higher density housing has been undertaken with little explicit recognition of the housing sub-markets higher density housing caters for or their specific spatial characteristics within the city. These issues are examined by an analysis of the socio-economic characteristics of areas with high concentrations of attached housing. These data are processed by factor analysis to identify and locate the range of sub-markets within attached housing and additional small area data used to fill out the market profiling. The results reveal that a range of specific housing needs are met by this form of housing with discriminative characteristics in certain locations. In other words, higher density housing is associated with a range of locationally specific and spatially distinctive sub-markets. These findings are particularly relevant and timely as a new metropolitan strategy is in preparation for Sydney where an estimated 60–70 per cent of new dwelling provision in the next 30 years will take place within existing suburbs through higher density redevelopment. Planning for such development must take into account the local markets for such accommodation which have very different characteristics in different parts of the city.     

紧凑城市的特点：开发强度的提高与居民的抗争

2001年宣布的“墨尔本2030”都市战略的焦点是与公共交通连接的活动中心网络的集约化。但是,尽管深入研究、普遍提倡集约化,并给予政策支持,提高城市密度仍然遭致大量的居民抗争。目前对于这些反对声的理解不足,也没有形成理论,并且在政策和实践中都没有涉及到。本文简要回顾了圣尔本城市集约化的特点和概念发展及其成为城市建成区住宅开发提案首要评价标准的过程。为了理解集约化特点如何引起人们对高密度开发项目的反对,笔者在坎伯威尔中环地带和菲茨罗伊内城郊区的案例研究中描述了居民活动者对集约化特点的理解。上述两个地区保护现有城市特色的活动频繁而且非常高调。这两个地区的特点截然不同,但是从居民描述中的类似和差别,我们可以深入了解可持续规划政策中场所认同在定性上的重要性和困难。     

大城市郊区城镇发展模式研究

回顾了上海市松江新城的决策及规划建设历程,介绍了松江新城的建设目标和发展概况,并分析了松江新城发展模式对我国当前大都市郊区小城镇发展所提供的借鉴和启示,同时指出了它存在的问题和解决对策。     

Housing the elderly: segregated in senior cities or integrated in urban society?

Ageing is driving the demand for housing for seniors in the Netherlands. The current urban planning ??cluster policy?? is mainly conducive to the construction of luxury inner-city apartments for seniors. Much less attention is given to the demand for dwellings for seniors outside the cities and for low- and middle-income households. Should the government accommodate this demand by constructing accessible dwellings? And would a ??senior city?? be a suitable framework for this purpose? The issue is whether senior citizens actually want to live together in a district, village or city. Would they want to move there if these senior cities were some distance away from other (age) groups, family, friends and services such as shops and care? We question whether the demand for senior cities is sufficiently strong to warrant abandoning the European planning principle of clustering. Doing so would lead to fragmentation of the landscape and less support for services in urbanized areas. The impetus for this study came from the major shortage of accessible housing in the Netherlands and a recent initiative to build a senior city of 1,500 dwellings in the province of Flevoland.     

Understanding Infill: Towards New Policy and Practice for Urban Regeneration in the Established Suburbs of Australia's Cities

A major challenge for urban Australia and its fast growing cities in particular is the provision of an adequate supply of appropriately located, affordable and sustainable housing across a range of dwelling types. A related challenge involves attempts by the metropolitan planning agencies in the capital cities to restrict residential sprawl and deliver more compact cities. Residential infill in the established suburbs has emerged as one of the principal urban planning policies designed to address this dual challenge. Infill targets, typically in the 50–70 per cent range, are now integral to all capital city planning strategies. This article examines the current pattern of infill housing development in Melbourne, Australia's second largest and fastest growing capital city. It highlights the existence of two infill segments—brownfields and greyfields—each with distinctive patterns of development that need to be better understood if urban regeneration is to figure significantly in delivering more liveable and sustainable cities. Current urban policies, programmes and practices are lacking an effective response to redevelopment of the greyfields.     

紧凑型住区的发展要求与调控措施

我国人多地少、土地资源有限的现实国情,决定了我国应大力发展紧凑型住区.应将紧凑型用地作为城市规划的指导思想,适当修订和严格控制城市建设人均用地指标,改变单一功能、封闭式管理的大楼盘开发模式,坚持以中小户型的住宅建设为主体,编制地方性的住区规划设计导则.     

Dual Occupancy Households and their Neighbours in Melbourne

Dual occupancy provisions were introduced into the Melbourne Metropolitan Planning Scheme as one of the means of implementing the metropolitan planning policy of urban consolidation, while at the same time providing greater choice in housing type and assisting in housing af fordability. This paper documents the characteristics of dual occupancy households and assesses the impact of dual occupancy development on neighbouring dwellings. It also discusses the research necessary for establishing the extent (if any) to which dual occupancy development is impacting on urban consolidation and housing affordability.     

Don't call it city planning: Misguided densification in large US cities

This study analyses the failures of the zoning system in large cities in the USA. The ease with which waivers have been granted to developers in return for amenity provision has made nonsense of town planning. The long construction lead times of transport and public utility systems never allows them to catch up with contemporary densities. City councillors see no political advantage in concerning themselves with planning for the city as a whole. A change in attitude must bring about higher-level planning if over- or misguided densification is to be halted.     

The emerging addition of resilience as a component of sustainability in urban policy

The concept of resilience is progressively capturing the interest of scholars and practitioners in the field of urban policy. This increase in interest is directed towards the need for a better understanding of the conditions for effective and legitimate governance in a complex, interconnected, and volatile world fraught with a new class of poorly understood systematic risk. We are progressively observing resilience as a component of sustainability as the dominant organising frame in the field of urban planning. The application of the adapted Wilkinson (2011) framework, which we situate within a broader framework for evaluating metropolitan plans (Nguyen, Davidson & Gleeson, 2018), reveals the extent to which newly released metropolitan plans are incorporating strategies for social-ecological resilience. Our point is to offer an early assessment of the framing of social-ecological resilience within the embedded understanding of metropolitan planning practice. Our research has revealed that social-ecological resilience thinking has been incorporated only to a limited extent into metropolitan planning strategies worldwide, as demonstrated through the evaluation of our two sites—OneNYC and Plan Melbourne. We have argued that OneNYC incorporates the strategies of social-ecological resilience to a greater extent than Plan Melbourne, possibly pointing to a strengthening governing system by incorporating processes of social learning and adaptation. We conclude by acknowledging the critical insights into the limitations of the reality of implementing these ideas of social-ecological resilience within policy settings (see Duit, 2016), and which requires urgent consideration within a fuller institutional study that must in any case await the fuller roll-out of social-ecological resilience in sustainability agendas within city strategic planning.     

Sustainable Urban Form and the Shopping Centre: An Investigation of Activity Centres in Melbourne's Growth Areas

In Victoria the current strategic plan intended to underpin the future growth in Melbourne, Melbourne 2030, adopts the framework of sustainability as its guiding ethos. Melbourne 2030 makes clear a preferred form for new activity centres through performance criteria and guidelines on preferable layout and structure. The research presented in this article consists of an analysis of 17 activity centres which have been planned for or built on greenfield sites in three growth areas of metropolitan Melbourne since 2002. These activity centres are rated against a framework of sustainability criteria adapted from Melbourne 2030. The study found that in many cases the recommended form and location of new centres are not being adopted and possible explanations are advanced.     

Assembling an innovative social housing project in Melbourne: mapping the potential for social innovation

Abstract

In Australia, echoing trends in the UK, US and Canada, provision of social housing has transitioned from government-led mechanisms to an increasing focus on partnerships between private developers, government and the not-for-profit sector. In this context, social housing is often achieved via the ‘cobbling together’ of necessary resources over time. This article focuses on an innovative social housing project in the inner west of Melbourne, Australia, that involves the modular construction of 57 transportable dwellings located on government-owned land. I apply a theoretical framework that combines insights from social innovation literature and assemblage to understand the process of assembling a pilot project and to chart how the project may be scaled up or scaled out to challenge the system in which homelessness occurs. The research highlights the role of community housing providers as ‘pivot points’ in the social housing sector and acknowledges the importance of credibility, funding, legislative change and construction innovation in scaling housing social innovations.     

郊区同城化改造模式探讨

结合唐山北站片区改造建设工作实际,对郊区同城化改造模式进行了探讨,以科学发展观为指导思想,确定了浭阳新城改造重点,并制定规划方案,提出先拆迁后建设,同时采取有效保障措施,以期使浭阳新城建设顺利进行。     

知识经济时代杭州近郊大型社区消费设施特征

基于城市消费设施环境塑造的视角,选取杭州近郊区3个典型社区开展调研分析,从中发现城市中微观尺度的社区设施环境建设相对滞后,制约了对知识型人力资本的吸引聚集,这既是由于城市经济社会发展与土地利用空间的快速扩张,也深受公共设施的市、区二元供给体制的内在影响。在3个近郊典型社区中,以教育医疗文体为核心的公共设施供给状况不佳,并呈现出社区之间的差异性,其中以相对独立的规模型、开放式的良渚文化村社区供给状况较好,封闭式、分散化的江南春城较差,除了地方政府供给体制的影响因素之外,这与各个开发商的建设力度、社区居民的经济状况密切相关。最后分别基于城市空间规划、郊区公共中心建设以及开放式社区设计等方面提出相应的策略建议,并强调要在制度体系方面协调好地方政府、开发商及社区居民之间的利益关系,由此兼顾城市经济社会发展的效率与公平问题,以更好地吸引知识型人力资本和信息技术型产业的聚集,提升城市生活环境的综合竞争力。     

昆明建设工程批后管理信息系统的设计与实现

规划批后管理是规划管理的一项重要内容,本文结合建设工程批后管理流程、挖掘批后管理实际工作中的测绘需求,介绍了如何将建设工程中提供的测绘服务产生的各种测绘成果、资料融合到批后管理流程中,并对系统的设计与具体实现进行叙述和分析。     

城市空间的集约化思考

城市空间必须集约化建设。有关于此，该文考察了目前存在的住房、交通与环境问题，分析了问题背后的人地、人车、人天矛盾，认为解决 问题的着眼点是空间－复合的建筑空间和柔性的城市空间，提出了今后发展的对策是竖向层叠城市功能，一体化发展城市建筑与交通，立体复合自然要素与人工构筑物，建议在实践中可采取多层化作为突破口，尤其应注意天桥与屋顶组成的平台系统建设。     

谈城市更新中的规划管理工作--对太原市城市更新与规划管理关系的思索

以太原市的规划工作为例，阐述了目前我国城市更新与规划管理所处的阶段和主要矛盾，从宏观政策、规划管理机制等专面，提出了推动城市更新建设发展，防止城市建设性破坏的具体措施，