高锰酸钾强化海藻酸钠抑制闪锌矿浮选的作用及机理

通过浮选试验、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析和吸附量测试分析,研究了高锰酸钾和海藻酸钠对黄铜矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿三种硫化矿物浮选的影响,考察了高锰酸钾强化海藻酸钠抑制闪锌矿浮选的作用机理。浮选试验结果表明,单独使用高锰酸钾或海藻酸钠均无法实现对闪锌矿的选择性抑制。同时添加适量高锰酸钾和海藻酸钠对闪锌矿具有选择性的协同抑制作用,而对黄铜矿和方铅矿浮选的影响较小。XPS分析结果表明,海藻酸钠与闪锌矿表面氧化产生的氧化锌、氢氧化锌或硫酸锌等氧化物发生化学吸附,而不与未氧化的闪锌矿表面发生吸附。吸附量测试结果表明,高锰酸钾对闪锌矿的预先氧化作用显著增加了海藻酸钠在闪锌矿表面的吸附量,因此高锰酸钾可以强化海藻酸钠对闪锌矿的抑制作用。      

Recycling Process Water in Complex Sulfide Ore Flotation: Effect of Calcium and Sulfate on Sulfide Minerals Recovery

The influence of major components of calcium and sulfate ions in process water on xanthate collector adsorption and flotation response of pure chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite minerals was investigated by Hallimond tube flotation, zeta-potential, FTIR, and XPS spectroscopy studies, while bench scale flotation tests were also carried out using complex sulfide ores.

Marginally lower recoveries of chalcopyrite and galena in process water and in the presence of calcium and sulfate ions in both deionized and process waters using potassium amyl xanthate as collector were observed in Hallimond tube flotation, whereas sphalerite floatability is a little increased in process water using isobutyl xanthate as collector. Zeta-potential results show the adsorption of calcium ions on the minerals. FTIR and XPS studies revealed the presence of surface oxidized sulfoxy species and surface calcium carbonates and/or calcium sulfate on chalcopyrite and galena in the presence of process water and water-containing calcium ions at flotation pH 10.5, and these surface species influenced xanthate adsorption. Surface-oxidized sulfoxy and carbonate species were seen on sphalerite surface in the presence of deionized water, process water, and water-containing calcium and sulfate ions at pH 11.5, but the surface species does not influence xanthate adsorption. Bench scale flotation using two different complex sulfide ores showed that chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite recoveries are higher in process water than tap water and general decrease of the minerals floatability at temperatures lower than 22°C in either tap water or process water.     

含金银高硫微细粒铜锌矿石浮选工艺试验研究

某含金银高硫微细粒铜锌矿石中有用矿物粒度微细,黄铜矿与闪锌矿、方铅矿、毒砂关系密切,且硫高达21.44%。针对该矿石性质特点,试验探索了铜锌优先浮选、铜锌等可浮浮选、铜锌硫等可浮浮选、铜锌混浮—铜锌精矿再磨—铜锌分离、铜锌硫混浮—精矿再磨—铜锌硫分离等5种选别流程。试验结果表明:铜锌硫混浮—精矿再磨—铜锌硫分离流程适宜处理该矿石,其技术指标较好;同时,硫精矿(金银粗精矿)采用湿法工艺进行处理,也取得了良好的技术指标。     

云南某含大量磁黄铁矿的铜铅锌多金属硫化矿选矿工艺研究

针对原矿中含大量磁黄铁矿的特点,先磁选脱出磁黄铁矿及其它强磁性矿物,再混合浮选方铅矿、黄铜矿,然后浮选闪锌矿、黄铁矿。铜铅混合精矿再进行铜铅分离;浮选尾矿重选回收锡石。该流程方案可获得较好的铜铅锌硫分选指标,其中铜精矿铜品位11.26%,回收率29.25%;铅精矿铅品位45.26%,回收率71.20%;锌精矿锌品位45.97%,回收率83.00%。     

从超细粒高铅锌氰化尾渣中浮选回收有价金属的试验研究

从超细粒氰化尾渣中回收有价元素是浮选中的难题,目前采用的方法主要是先加入氧化剂预处理脱氰,再加入捕收剂浮选。然而,该工艺存在药剂成本高、氰化物无法循环使用及矿物表面二次氧化等问题。以山东某高铅锌氰化尾渣为研究对象,在不脱氰的条件下,以氰化贫液为浮选用水,通过浮选试验和闭路试验等方法研究氰化尾渣的浮选回收效果。试验结果表明,在不脱氰的条件下,可浮选回收铅锌,铅精矿铅品位为56.61%,回收率为89.04%;锌精矿锌品位为32.6%,回收率为74.5%。SEM显微镜研究表明,铅精矿中铜矿物表面包裹一层小颗粒方铅矿,改变了黄铜矿界面性质,使得铜矿物表面特性趋于方铅矿界面性质,导致铜矿物大部分进入铅精矿中。     

Rational Processing of Refractory Copper-Bearing Ores

The results of material composition studies of four samples of refractory copper-bearing ores of the Uzelga deposit are presented along with the results of studies of technological solutions to increase their processing parameters. The refractoriness of ores is associated with a thin dissemination up to micron size and close interbreedings of ore and rock minerals. Iron sulfides are presented by a wide range of minerals: pyrite and marcasite, melnikovite, arsenic pyrite, and arsenopyrite; sooty melnikovite has an increased flotation activity. The grinding of iron sulfides from 89 to 29% is followed by a proportional increase in easily floatable rock minerals to 45% and clay to 9%. These properties make these sulfides difficult to process and retain ore refractoriness to the flotation concentration. The content of copper sulfides in ore samples varies from 3.32 to 7.29%; the relative portion of copper sulfide in a form of tennantite in different samples of deposit varies from 29 to 93%. Copper is also present in a form of chalcopyrite and bornite. The best flotation activity of tennantite can be seen in a neutral and slightly acidic medium, in contrast with the standard flotation regime for chalcopyrite and bornite with butyl xanthate in a high-alkaline calcareous medium. Free grains of copper minerals can be selectively extracted into intercycled concentrates during grinding of no more than 60% of the class–71 μm. The technology of flotation in a low-alkaline medium with M-TF selective sulfhydril collector in the intercycle copper flotation and refinement cycle of the copper concentrate is developed for refractory copper-bearing ores with a variable tennantite content. Aeration is applied to suppress the flotation activity of melnikovite, which makes it possible to attain 80% copper recovery into a conditional copper concentrate. The fine inclusions of bornite, tennantite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite into pyrite makes it rational to obtain copper–pyrite and copper–zinc–pyrite products with a yield up to 12% for pyro- and hydrometallurgical processing, along with the isolation of enriched copper concentrates.     

剪切絮凝浮选工艺回收氰化尾渣中铜铅锌试验研究

氰化尾渣中通常含有铜、铅、锌等有用金属,具有回收价值.以山东某金矿氰化尾渣为研究对象,通过化学多元素分析、物相分析、粒度分析、矿物组成分析、单体解离度分析对氰化尾渣进行了工艺矿物学研究,结果表明:氰化尾渣粒度微细,-0.038 mm粒级占91.23％,铅、铜、锌矿物主要为方铅矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿,脉石矿物主要为石英.根据...     

Flotation of Sulfide Components of Copper Ore in the Presence of n-Dodecane

Influence of n-dodecane aqueous emulsion on flotation of sulfide minerals present in the copper ore from the Legnica-Glogow Copper Basin (LGOM), carried out on the laboratory scale, was investigated. Five flotation experiments performed in the presence of different doses of n-dodecane were conducted and compared. Next, mineral analysis of selected flotation products were conducted and discussed. The best flotation selectivity was obtained for bornite, tennantite and chalcocite using 600 g/t of n-dodecane. In the case of non-copper sulfides, the maximum selectivity was observed for sphalerite and galena. Measurements of the rest potential of copper sulfide conducted to explain the differences between recoveries of each sulfide mineral were performed. It was observed, that with increasing sulfide rest potential, the recovery was decreasing. The study provided information hitherto poorly available in literature on flotation of sulfides from the LGOM area with n-dodecane.     

江西某铅锌多金属硫化矿石选矿试验研究

江西某铅锌多金属硫化矿石有用矿物嵌布粒度不均匀,共生关系密切,特别是闪锌矿内部普遍包裹有乳浊状的黄铜矿和磁黄铁矿及细小颗粒状的黄铁矿,有时也见包裹有细小颗粒的方铅矿,导致锌矿物充分单体解离较困难,矿石性质复杂.针对该矿石特点,采用铅锌依次优先浮选工艺流程进行选矿试验,获得了铅品位和回收率分别为52.48%和88.42%的铅精矿、锌品位和锌回收率分别为50.85%和84.96%锌精矿,并使矿石中的伴生银得到了有效富集,为合理开发该矿石资源提供了依据.     

内蒙古某难选铅锌多金属矿石选矿试验研究

针对某铅锌矿具有矿物嵌布粒度细,矿物间共生关系复杂的特点,试验采用先浮选铅,再选锌的优先浮选流程进行了研究。试验结果表明:在磨矿粒度为-0.074 mm占85%的条件下,选择适合的药剂制度,最终闭路试验可获得含Zn 6.82%,Pb品位46.02%,Pb回收率81.00%的铅精矿和含Pb 1.36%,Zn品位50.63%,Zn回收率82.64%的锌精矿,并且伴生银富集于铅精矿和锌精矿中。     

某地多金属硫化矿中不同硫化物含金量的测定

采用0.05％SnCl_2—20％HCl作方沿矿的选择溶剂,浸渣以浮选法选出黄铜精矿及黄铁矿的混合精矿产品,与脉石分离。然后进一步浮选混合精矿,分别选出黄铜矿、黄铁矿,并通过矿物量及其含金品位,计算出各种矿物中含金量。     

Use of X-ray diffraction in a study of ammonia leaching of multimetal sulfides

X-ray diffraction has been used to study the changes in mineralogy that occur during ammonia leaching of sulfide minerals and complex bulk sulfide concentrates. Leaching results in high extraction rates (>90 pct) of copper from chalcopyrite, zinc from sphalerite, and lead from galena. However, under experimental leaching conditions (temperature, 115 °C to 135 °C; par-tial pressure of oxygen, 1.5 kg/cm²; pH ∼ 10.0), the pyrite grains are practically inert. Ap-parently, the amount of pyrite in leach residue is constant in absolute terms. However, its relative percentage changes because the amount of copper and zinc minerals is reduced in the leach residue during progressive leaching. The products formed during the leaching reaction, such as goethite and lead sulfate, tend to increase the weight of the leach residue, and thus the relative weight of pyrite remains nearly unchanged. The ratios of selected line pair intensities of pyrite lines and characteristic (selected) lines of chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena are used to establish the oxidative ammonia leaching kinetics of Cu-Zn-Pb bulk concentrates. That is, the variation in the line pair intensity ratios, with time, correlates with the changes in the el-emental concentrations in the leach liquor.     

醋酸-醋酸钠体系中铜铅硫化矿物电氧化浸出分离行为

针对铜铅复杂矿物难以高效分离的技术难题,文中构建了醋酸-醋酸钠电氧化体系,并系统考察了方铅矿、黄铜矿的电氧化浸出分离行为。结果表明,醋酸-醋酸钠不仅能维持体系的稳定,还能与铅离子结合形成络合物,强化方铅矿的选择性浸出过程。优化的工艺条件为:固液比0.02 g/mL,搅拌速度700 r/min,阳极电流密度659.4 A/m2,常温,反应时间60 min,氯化钠浓度3 mol/L,槽电压3.8~4.4 V。优化条件下,Pb的浸出率达71.55%,Cu的浸出率仅为1.85%,实现了铅、铜硫化矿物的经济高效分离回收。该技术具有良好的工业化应用前景      

磁铁矿与磁黄铁矿的浮选分离的试验研究

处理以磁铁矿和磁黄铁矿为主要回收对象的矿石,寻找有效脱硫的药剂制度是至关得要的。文中介绍了矿石性质、浮选分离的试验结果。试验结果表明,在弱酸性介质中,选择硫酸铜＋硫化钠组合药剂强化活化,经先浮选后磁选工艺流程,可将铁精矿中硫含量降到0．11％。     

小秦岭某矿石金、铜回收试验研究

选矿试验考察了磨矿细度、矿浆pH值、浮选药剂制度等条件对选金回收率的影响。试验结果表明：采用组合捕收剂浮选金,在最佳试验条件下,该矿石金的浮选回收率可达到90％;采用浮选铜、硫分离,既可回收金精矿中的铜,又可消除铜对金氰化浸出的影响。试验采用的工艺流程及浮选药剂制度适应该矿石特性,选别指标理想。     

Galvanic Interaction Studies on Sulphide Minerals

Abstract

Galvanic interactions occurring when two sulphide minerals are in contact with each other have been investigated by electrochemical techniques for pairs of the following: pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite. Combination potentials of pyrite electrodes in galvanic contact with a second sulphide were significantly lower than the rest potential of pyrite alone. This suggested electron transfer to pyrite which makes it more reducing. Similar results were obtained with the chalcopyrite galena couple, chalcopyrite becomes more reducing by galvanic interaction with galena.

Galvanic interactions are weakened in nitrogenated water due to the lower activity of dissolved oxygen. This is shown by: (a) much smaller drop in potential when pyrite is in galvanic contact with another sulphide in nitrogenated water; (b) Zn²⁺ ions released into solution: dissolution of Zn²⁺ ions in sphalerite pyrite mixtures is decreased in nitrogenated water; and (c) xanthate uptake at pyrite-sphalerite mixtures is increased by appropriate use of nitrogen.

In aerated water the flotation behaviour of a mineral in a mineral mixture differs significantly from that of the single mineral. The use of nitrogen promotes pyrite flotation from the mixture.

A model of galvanic coupling and the role of N₂ are discussed.     

四川里伍铜矿多金属低品位尾矿工艺矿物学研究

为了研究里伍铜矿浮选尾矿工艺矿物学特征,采用了化学方法和显微镜观察等技术手段。研究发现,里伍铜矿浮选尾矿中主要金属矿物有磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿和铁闪锌矿等,脉石矿物有石英、绿泥石和斜长石等。尾矿粒度较粗,+0.097 mm粒级占67.6%。-0.200～+0.074 mm粒级之间,铜分布率为57.12%,锌分布率为66.70%。金和银嵌布粒度细,分布率与铜分布率接近正相关。尾矿中大部分磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿和铁闪锌矿没有单体解离,互相复杂连生。采用浮选等传统选矿方法,成本相对较高;采用微生物冶金技术回收尾矿中铜、锌等金属更具可行性。     

Surface chemical and flotation behaviour of chalcopyrite and pyrite in the presence of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans

Extraction of valuable metals and removal of sulfide minerals from abandoned mines holds the key for environmental protection. This paper discusses the utility of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans for the selective removal of pyrite from chalcopyrite for the economic extraction of valuable copper. Interaction of bacterial cells with the sulfide minerals altered the surface chemistry of both the minerals and cells. The isoelectric point of both pyrite and chalcopyrite shifted to higher pH after interaction with cells. Adhesion kinetics of the bacterial cells to both the minerals was similar, however, the adsorption density on pyrite was higher compared to that on chalcopyrite. Interaction with cells rendered both the minerals hydrophilic. Flotation of minerals, preconditioned with cells, with potassium isopropyl xanthate as collector resulted in depression of pyrite and good flotation of chalcopyrite. The observed behaviour is discussed in detail. Poor selectivity achieved when the minerals were floated together was overcome by conditioning the collector interacted minerals with the bacterial cells prior to flotation. Thus it was possible to selectively depress pyrite from chalcopyrite at both acidic and neutral pH conditions.     

Thermal treatment of complex sulfide ores in N2 and H2 Atmospheres: A new approach for the extraction of their valuable elements

The thermal treatment of natural sulfidic minerals such as sphalerite, galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrite in an N₂ or H₂ atmosphere was studied to examine the nature of reactions taking place. Such treatments have the potential of avoiding sulfur dioxide production which is associated with the roasting of complex sulfide ores (CSOs). The thermal treatment of CSO concentrates at temperatures less than 1000 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere leads to the decomposition of the pyritic matrix to pyrrhotite and the volatilization of sulfur, galena, and some of the CSOs’ trace elements. Treating the CSO in a reducing atmosphere converted sphalerite to zinc and produced a solid containing Cu^o, Fe^o, and silicoaluminates. Selective dissolution of copper may be achieved by a hydrometallurgical process. Hydrogen sulfide could be reacted with pyrrhotite to form pyrite and hydrogen. A flow sheet is proposed. M.-CH. Meyer-Joly formerly Researcher with Mineral Processing and Environmental Engineering, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine K. MALAU formerly Researcher with Mineral Processing and Environmental Engineering, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine     

陕西某低品位铜钼矿选矿试验研究

The copper grade the low-grade copper-molybdenum ore in Shaanxi is 0.32% and the molybdenum grade is 0.048%.The copper and molybdenum minerals mainly exist in the form of sulfide ore. The properties are complex that there are many kinds of minerals in the ore, which are closely distributed and fine dissemination size. According to the properties of the ore, the technological process of bulk flotation and separation of copper and molybdenum was adopted in the experiment. With lime as regulator and reagent L03 as collector, the mixed concentrate of copper and molybdenum was obtained by the bulk flotation which flow-sheet is one roughing, three refining and two scavenging process. Then regrinding the mixed concentrate, use sodium sulfide as inhibitor of copper minerals, sodium silicate as slurry dispersant and inhibitor of silicate gangue minerals , kerosene as collector, can separate copper and molybdenum with the flow-sheet which one roughing, five refining and three scavenging. The copper concentrate with copper grade of 18.82% and copper recovery rate of 85.35% and molybdenum concentrate with molybdenum grade of 47.14% and molybdenum recovery rate of 79.24% were obtained by the final closed-circuit flotation test process, the indicator is nearly ideal.