New Directions in New Zealand's Urban Planning and Research?

This article explores the new directions that have emerged in New Zealand's urban planning and policy since 1999. In particular it looks at some consequences of the move from sustainable management to sustainable development for urban areas. It also identifies and explores constraints that may limit the production of sound research on which to base those new urban planning and policy directions.     

From Welfare Housing to Home Ownership: The Dilemma of China's Housing Reform

While the Chinese housing reform programme has been rigorously implemented along the direction of marketization and commodification,this paper argues that the reform process has generally neglected its impact on issues such as inequality and distributive justice. Other than its apparent effects on housing production and the improvementof the living condition within some big cities, this paper questions both the underlying values of some of those newly created housing reform institutions such as the Housing Provident Fund and the housing monetarisation policy. It is argued that China is now facing a similar dilemma as with many other Western countries on the question: how much the state should collectively provide housing and how much individuals should be responsible for themselves. It is further suggested that since the reform process is implemented from top-down directives, it often generates a far-reaching impact on the distributional front and, without the right values and corrective measures, social exclusions for vulnerable housing groups are bound to occur, notwithstanding that China is still one of the largest remaining socialist countries.     

Urban Entrepreneurialism and Sustainable Development: A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Eco-Developments

ABSTRACT

In recent years, state entrepreneurialism and the notion of (urban) sustainability have become ever more closely intertwined in China and there has been a proliferation of eco-/low-carbon and other similar sustainability-themed urban initiatives that have helped local states to achieve a favorable position in city competitions. Nevertheless, existing studies do not explain why Chinese sustainability projects are planned/implemented with divergent emphases and different development trajectories. Through three Chinese flagship projects, the real-estate-centric Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City (SSTEC), the environmental-construction-led Chongming Eco-Islands (CEIs), and the industrial development-focused Shenzhen International Low-Carbon City (ILCC), we argue that the formulation and implementation of urban sustainable developments are subject to local particularities and different extra-local political-economic contexts. We highlight how both vertical administrative governance and horizontal coordination between territorial jurisdictions underlie the Chinese entrepreneurial planning system, which results in different types of urban entrepreneurships: (1) scalable startup urban entrepreneurship (SSTEC); (2) asset-replacement urban entrepreneurship (CEIs); and (3) urban expansion entrepreneurship (ILCC). This study also reveals that all three cases experience a development paradox as they strive to reconcile mutually competing economic and environmental imperatives.     

可持续发展的住房建设与公平使用城市资源

从中国的人口、资源、经济背景,对照国外的住房状况,分析中国当前的住宅消费中的问题,指出政府为中国可持续发展,建设和谐社会,必须制定科学,完善的住房政策,引导理性消费.     

Sustainable planning for a quasi-urban region,necessities and challenges: the case of Tehran-Karaj

A number of studies explore the urban structure of the city of Tehran; however, little has been done in regard to its interconnectivity with the surrounding settlements and current challenges at the regional scale. This article investigates the making and current unsustainable condition of the Tehran-Karaj Urban Region arguing that it took shape passively in the absence of any structural framework. To tackle these problems, it is essential to formulate a regional sustainable comprehensive plan, one in which the interrelatedness across the entire region is observed, and which takes appropriate account of current international understandings regarding sustainable urban development.     

Housing and development in Freetown,Sierra Leone

This article surveys housing problems in Freetown and argues that the perpetuation of housing problems in Freetown and the failure to implement housing policies cannot be attributed merely to bureaucratic inadequacies and resource limitations. They can only be fully understood by reference to the way the main agents of housing provision, the private market and the state, operate in the specific social and economic conditions of underdeveloped capitalism.     

Employing New Tools for Realising Urban Housing Potential: A South East Queensland Perspective

Like many of the other Australian metropolitan areas South East Queensland is rapidly growing. A population increase of approximately 1 million over the next 20 years will demand new planning and development responses and new policy tools. This article provides an empirical account of the piloting of one such new policy tool which assesses the potential and suitability of densification in urban localities.     

Housing Policy and Urban Sustainable Development: Evaluating the Process of High-rise Apartment Development in Korea

In Korea, housing shortages have been a high-level social problem for decades. Since the late 1980s, a significant number of housing units (mostly high-rise apartments) has been constructed, with the goal of resolving this issue. In spite of the positive effects on housing supply, many undesirable socioeconomic consequences of urban housing development, such as social exclusion and polarization of housing affordability, etc., have been largely overlooked. Moreover, at this point, the number of high-rise apartments is arguably excessive, leading to particular concern with regard to their need for redevelopment after deterioration. The massive quantities of deteriorated high-rise buildings will be ubiquitous at a certain point in time. Due to changes in social and economic circumstances in Korea, many homeowners of high-rise apartments could be incapable of proceeding with redevelopment based on their own financial resources. The problems facing the present generation will be most likely to be passed on to future generations, further impeding such development efforts. This pervasive and mounting housing and development issue is directly antithetical to the definition of sustainable development proposed by the Brundtland Report.     

基于“生态城市”理念的城市规划工作改进研究

目前,我国的城乡发展面临着巨大的变革。随着城市化日程的不断加速,生态城市成为可持续发展的最佳选择。本文对基于“生态城市”理念的城市规划工作改进进行了探究和分析,以期对我国生态城市的规划工作有所参考。     

以规划手段促进中国城市雕塑可持续发展的关键问题探讨

当前中国多座城市编制的城市雕塑规划在提升城市雕塑建设质量,改善城市环境方面发挥着重要的功能,但从长远看存在一系列需要高度关注的问题。本文基于城市规划与城市雕塑的跨学科视角,以提升空间品质和生活质量为导向,运用定性分析法,全面归纳今后一段时间城市雕塑规划应当重点考虑城乡统筹、区域统筹、代际公平等可持续发展的关键问题,以期更好地利用城市雕塑规划实现提升中国城市雕塑建设水平,达到营造健康城市的最终目的。     

基于“生态城市”理念的城市规划工作改进研究

目前,我国的城乡发展面临着巨大的变革。随着城市化日程的不断加速,生态城市成为可持续发展的最佳选择。本文对基于“生态城市”理念的城市规划工作改进进行了探究和分析,以期对我国生态城市的规划工作有所参考。     

Regional Housing Figures in England: Policy,Politics and Ownership

This paper critiques the process of arriving at housing allocation figures for development planning in England, focusing upon regional debates. It considers the balance struck between policy (national) considerations and (local) political priorities, illustrated through two case studies: the East of England (and RPG14) and the English North West (and RPG13). These particular regions exemplify the dual poles of current planning policy in relation to housing provision: avoiding over-supply in the north of England and delivering managed growth in the south. The paper concludes by looking at ‘ownership’ of regional and county figures, at the excesses of central intervention, and at how such interventions run contrary to government's own philosophy for planning for housing in England.     

保障性住房规划编制体系及建设管理机制

保障性住房建设是国家重要的民生工程,其建设对于改善全国居民住房条件取得了较好的成效,同时保障性住房规划存在的问题也逐步凸显。研究从城市规划的角度论述了保障性住房规划融入"总规—控规—修规"的城乡规划编制体系的策略,以期借助"规划"这一工具来强化保障性住房规划体系,减少保障性住房建设可能出现的问题,并对保障性住房的建设管理提出相关建议,以及完善保障性住房管理机制的措施。     

The Tyranny of Small Decisions. Unsustainable Cities and Local Day-to-Day Transport Planning

Though new goals for sustainable cities and transport systems have been developed, decisions and planning at a local level often fail to achieve these ambitions. The purpose of this article is to analyse the factors in local decision-making and planning practice that conduce to urban sprawl and increased car traffic. The article analyses how the conscious application of so-called “day-to-day decision-making and planning”, results in a diminution of planning's role as a strategic tool, in concealment of the environmental impact of increased traffic, in the deprioritization of environmental goals in favour of growth, and in the “tyranny of small decisions”, where the need to make many individual decisions distracts from the achievement of sustainable city and transport systems. Day-to-day decision-making and planning are analysed and described in a case study centring on retail trade on the outskirts of the Swedish town of Örebro.     

浅谈我国城市交通规划与可持续发展的关系

立足中国国情,对我国城市交通规划理论和应用领域进行了分析,剖析了我国城市交通系统的现状及其不足,结合可持续发展的理念和中国城市交通规划发展的关系,提出了基于可持续发展理念的城市交通系统规划方法。     

试论城市规划和房地产开发的协调发展

针对当前我国城市化快速推进过程中城市规划与房地产开发之间的矛盾,分析了城市规划与房地产开发的关系及相互影响,结合科学发展观,探讨了两者协调发展的途径,指出城市规划具有前瞻性,房地产开发应按城市规划的指导而进行。     

英国城市规划可持续发展策略

城市规划领域如何实施可持续发展涉及政策设计、规划方法变革以及实施手段创新等不同层面。从城市规划政策、城市规划评估以及城市设计三个方面,探讨了英国城市规划实施可持续发展的基本思路和策略及其对我国城市规划贯彻科学发展观,实施可持续发展战略的启示。