Transforming the notion of the urban aborigine

The 'urban Aborigine' has been a problematic figure in Australian social policy, because of the tension between his/her cultural status (apparently assimilated) and his/her politicised cultural identity (defiantly resistant to assimilation). This paper focuses on a moment in Australian history when a reformist intelligentsia was compelled to make better sense of the 'urban Aborigine', and on two intellectuals in particular: H. C. Coombs and Fay Gale. It then turns to the cultural practice of a particular sector of this intelligentsia - the urban Aboriginal painter - and shows how urban Aboriginal artists have sometimes addressed the problematic category 'urban Aborigine' by richly referencing icons of the 'traditional' in their paintings.     

城市景观设计中的的生态安全考量

全球化进程的加速有力地促进了城市经济、社会、文化、环境的发展,同时也带来了与日俱增的生态安全问题。本文从安全、生态安全分析入手,指出了景观设计的生态安全本质和目标,并从城市地形地貌特征、城市典型气候天象、植被、水体、建筑、绿地、城市文化景观7个方面探讨了城市景观设计中考量生态安全的基本思路方法,最后提出从生态安全角度保持和维护城市景观本土性的新思路。     

城市公共政策与城市规划政策概论--城市总体规划实施政策研究

本文阐述了城市规划政策与城市公共政策之间的关系,并在揭示了城市公共政策特征的基础上,对城市规划政策的组成及其实施的保障机制等方面进行了探讨.     

全球化时代的城市趋同与特色塑造

以当代全球化理论成果引入城市研究领域来解释普遍的“城市趋同”现象,归纳了全球化时代城镇特性的分类.通过对历史性建筑与城市文脉的反思与澄清,提出了塑造当代城市特色的主观性和包容性的路径,并介绍了城市特色控制的若干实施机制.     

Borrowing from the past to sustain the present and the future: indigenous African urban forms,architecture, and sustainable urban development in contemporary Africa

Urban spatial expansion resulting from urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is not going to stop or stabilize in the near future. Efforts should therefore be concentrated on accommodating this phenomenon through the promotion of sustainable urban planning and development. Relying on secondary data, this paper examines models of indigenous African urban forms and architecture to understand these forms and their characteristics, and how these models and associated management, design, and planning principles can be adopted in contemporary SSA urban development in the quest to achieve sustainable urban development. This paper argues that planning is culturally and contextually defined and the specificities of a place are critical in planning. Developing strategies based on indigenous urban forms which embody local peoples’ culture, aspirations, experiences, and values is consistent with the concept of sustainable urban development. The article concludes that there exist clear elements of socially, politically, economically, culturally, and environmentally sound and responsive sustainable planning principles to be derived from indigenous urban forms and architecture which can inform current urban development process in SSA.     

城市特色与城市形象塑造

在对城市特色和城市形象的概念、内涵进行辨析的基础上,认为城市特色和城市形象存在密切的逻辑联系,即城市特色是“真”,城市形象是“美”;城市特色是城市发展之“源”,城市形象是城市发展之“流”,最后,提出“基于城市特色的城市形象塑造”命题。     

‘They took the land,now we’re fighting for a house’: Aboriginal perspectives about urban housing disadvantage

Aboriginal Australians experience substantial housing disadvantage on a range of measures, yet relatively little is known about how urban Aboriginal people perceive their housing circumstances. While most Aboriginal people live in urban or suburban areas, research and policy attention has tended to focus on remote housing issues. This paper draws on focus groups conducted with Aboriginal people at an Aboriginal Medical Service in Western Sydney (n = 38) about their housing experiences and beliefs about why many Aboriginal people experience the housing disadvantage they described. Participants described a landscape in which their housing experiences were materially affected by their Aboriginality and inextricably linked to racial discrimination, poverty, marginalization, the lack of social and affordable housing and disempowerment, all with negative implications for their psychosocial well-being. Participant views aligned with critical race theory, with race described as a fundamental structural force that created and deepened housing disadvantage beyond economic hardship alone.     

Transport disadvantage within aboriginal communities in an urban environment

Recent research into the transport needs of three Aboriginal communities in Sydney, Australia, has shown that in certain circumstances several of their members experienced disadvantage that differed from non-Aboriginal transport users. This difference is driven by transport needs that relate to cultural activity. It is suggested that mobility for Aboriginal people who live in an urban environment is linked to their cultural survival.     

The ambiguity of urban renewal in France: Between continuity and rupture

The term urban renewal was introduced in France in the Loi solidarité et renouvellement urbains (Loi SRU) of December 13th, 2000. Until then, terms like renovation, reconstruction, recycling or refurbishment were used to indicate similar phenomena. Is the introduction of a new term only an innovation in vocabulary, or does it imply new orientations, conceptions and practices? It appears that ever since its introduction in 2000, the notion of urban renewal has been subject to variations in its meaning and in its implementation. A double regime of urban renewal exists. On the one hand, there are the operations officially labelled as urban renewal, which benefit from central state subsidies. These operations aim at a social urban development, and almost exclusively concern the so-called quartiers sensibles, large high-rise housing estates in the banlieus. On the other hand, there are more market-driven, locally initiated and realised operations of regeneration of derelict and run-down areas of the city.     

Comparative housing,urban crisis and political economy: an ethnographically based ‘long view’ from Auckland,Singapore and Berlin

Abstract

This paper follows a call for a ‘long view’ perspective on contemporary housing problems and policy. It applies this longitudinal lens to a multi-city comparative ethnographical study that investigates and relates place-specific and common trajectories and policies in regard to contemporary urban housing. By comparing Auckland, Singapore and Berlin from a heterodox political economy perspective, it demonstrates how contemporary challenges and proposed solutions over housing have deep-seated historical and geographical roots that are usually overlooked. It suggests that comprehending current housing issues as cumulative effects of developments and policy (non)-action taken in the past, and relating and evaluating those constitutive trajectories and transformations across (disparate) cities, current academic and policy debates can be enriched and deepened. One lesson is that ‘learning from the past’ may be a more promising crisis response than nowadays’ politically fetishised learning via global best practice and spatially mobilised policy.     

Paradigm of mediocrity: poverty and risk accumulation in urban Africa – the case of Korle Gonno,Accra

This paper examines how poverty has developed in Korle Gonno, an indigenous Ga community in Accra, Ghana, as a concrete challenge. This challenge has gone unnoticed until recently, though several informal studies exist in Ghana. By problematizing vulnerability, the literature is examined within Accra’s development dynamics. Through extensive fieldwork, the results show a socially stratified and highly dependent community experiencing vulnerabilities and the residents’ diverse coping strategies. Drawing upon the empirical data, it is argued that the lack of recognition of urban poverty (i.e., the raison d’être of slum) means many continue to be exposed to health risks. The paper concedes that the problem demands a multifaceted solution that includes more subjective issues like vulnerability and social exclusion, and objective ones like good urban governance and power relations. Failure to do so can lead to a downward spiral into extreme poverty that can affect the entire society.     

理想、现实与理智--城市规划与建设中的政策思路

城市规划必须有理想,但理想要变成现实就必须研究规划实施的可能与途径.规划的理智和公共政策的制定既是规划师的责任,也是政府的职责.     

转型期武汉市城市扩张政策分析

从转型期武汉市城市政策与城市扩张的相关分析来看,分税制的财政体制改革促使城市政府急于开辟新的财源,城市政府对财政收入水平和经济增长的过分追求导致了城市土地资源的迅速流失,城市地域的无形扩张;户籍制度的松动和政府主导的城市化推动了郊区城市化进程,规划新城策略和开发区的产业政策引导城市向外围城乡接合部地区发展,住房商品化制度改革导致城市郊区住房的开发,交通政策对武汉城市圈层式发展格局给予支持,土地有偿使用制度的改革促进了旧城改造用地调整和新区土地的开发。     

城市中创建社区特性的研究

该文阐述了社区特性的概念与基本观点,并概括其影响因素,探讨了创建社区特性的主要途径,通过分析某些国外案例,进一步提出了某些国外案例,进一步提出了它对我国社区建设的启示。     

政策与城市规划编制的互动影响

按照对城市规划政策的不同的影响程度,将其他相关部门的政策分为最相关政策、次相关政策、一般性相关政策和特别政策四类,结合规划实践,对政策如何影响城市规划编制,以及如何在规划中利用有利政策增强规划边际效益进行了阐述。认为城市规划并非单向响应政策的要求,城市规划对其他部门空间政策制定的导向作用也需要在城市编制中予以明确,使规划的实效性最终体现于"从政策中来,到政策中去"。     

当前我国城市停车问题浅析

随着我国汽车时代的到来，城市停车问题日益突出，本文就如何应对城市停车问题提出了一些相应的对策，最后指出我国城市停车问题解决的根本出路在于大力发展公共交通，使城市停车问题达到标本兼治的效果。     

城市符号——基于符号学的城市形象设计新方法

伴随着城镇化进程加速以及国际化引发的设计當同,越来越多的设计转向城市特色文化寻求解决方案。现有的城市形象设计方法存在不足,需要从其他学科吸收设计理念。本文首先分析城市文化与符号学思维的关联,然后对可提取的城市符号进行具体的分类,并基于语义学提出城市符号的提取建构的方法与原则,最后分析城市符号特性并指导其在城市形象设计中的应用。以此为切入点展开对于如彳可提取设计元素进行特色设计的方法论探讨。以符号学理论促进城市规划与艺术设计学科的融合,以城市形象载体促进城市特色文化传承。