The place of neighbourhood in social cohesion: insights from massey, West Auckland

Within public health discourse there is growing recognition that the social structures and ecology of neighbourhoods impact on health and wellbeing. A clearer understanding of the pathways through which this influence occurs will inform locality-based interventions to tackle inequalities. In this paper we report on an interview based study with parents of young children living in Massey, a suburban neighbourhood of metropolitan Auckland. Locational access to community resources is comparatively poor in Massey as measured by a community resource accessibility index. The findings provide insights into the impact of such access to services and amenities on neighbourhood social cohesion. We conclude by suggesting planning strategies for strengthening neighbourhood identification and attachment for this population group.     

浅议建成环境的资本流向与上海城市发展

1978年以来中国逐渐摆脱了计划经济的束缚,趋向于更加开放、更加市场化的经济模式,并且以积极的姿态融入世界经济中.中国的转轨经济有着其特殊性:政府的体制内外的财政资本、民间资本和外来资本共同打造了城市的建成环境(the built en-vironmem),在这样的背景下,中国东部沿海城市的形象发生了巨大的变化.文章以上海为例,通过对资本流动、体制内外的财政安排和城市发展之间关系的研究,揭示正是由于中央和上海积极的"促进增长"的制度性安排,使得资本大量流向了上海及其建成环境.     

社区建成环境对居民久坐行为的影响研究 ——以南京市为例

以南京市主城区10个社区为研究对象,构建分层回归模型,探索社区建成环境对居民久坐行为的影响.研究发现,久坐行为在不同环境的社区之间存在差异;个人社会经济属性、个人行为偏好、客观建成环境与主观建成环境都会对居民的久坐行为产生影响;相比于客观建成环境,主观建成环境对居民久坐行为的影响更为显著;客观建成环境方面,住房密度、道...     

Neighbourhood Belonging,Social Class and Social Media—Providing Ladders to the Cloud

The growth of social media over the past decade has transformed how we have interacted with the World Wide Web. This paper presents data from a research project coproduced with community organisations that had created an online archive through a Facebook site of a deprived neighbourhood in Edinburgh, Scotland. Framing the data from this site in the literature on class, place, stigma and belonging, the paper presents further evidence of the ‘we-being’ of working-class residence as opposed to the elective belonging of middle class people, and the stigma towards working-class neighbourhoods from wider society. The paper concludes by highlighting the benefits of social media in producing a natural discussion about neighbourhoods and residence and the importance of creating ladders to the cloud for working-class neighbourhoods.     

Social Capital,Neighbourhood Attachment and Participation in Distressed Urban Areas. A Case Study in The Hague and Utrecht,the Netherlands

During the last decade, academic interest in residents' participation in maintaining the quality of life in distressed urban areas has risen. Many articles seeking to explain why people participate relate the social networks dimension of social capital to participation. However, according to Putnam's definition of social capital, not only social networks, but also norms and trust give people the tools they need for participation. Other authors concentrate on the relationship between neighbourhood attachment and participation. However, an empirical analysis in which both factors are combined is lacking. This paper describes the combined effect of social capital together with neighbourhood attachment in explaining participation. The findings show that participation is greater for residents with social networks in the neighbourhood, who reject deviant behaviour, and have a stronger neighbourhood attachment. Trust in authorities was not found to have any statistically significant impact on participation. The conclusions underline the theoretical assumption that social capital and neighbourhood attachment form a useful pair of concepts in explaining participation, because they focus not only on what people have, but also on their mindsets.     

The role of ‘early-phase mining’ in reframing net-positive development

The term ‘net-positive development’ has gained significant recognition by both academics and professionals, especially in architecture. A net-positive development increases or creates economic, social and ecological capital(s) and makes a positive contribution to ecosystem services. Designing how excess resources may be used beyond a site's boundary is a very appealing notion, but difficult to put into practice without the tools and methods to support net-positive development. The effectiveness and potential impact on community design of ‘net-positive development’ is questioned when its evaluation is limited to a quantitative analysis only. A broader definition of net positive is offered that equally places social dimensions alongside ecological health through ‘mining’ for synergies and leverage points in the early stages of a design project. An emphasis is placed on the undervalued first step in the design process of ‘mining: evaluating the dormant, inherent potential’. This can be done through a process of questioning the conventional parameters of a context's predefined limits. A framework is also provided that can prove beneficial at this phase. It is posited that strong mining can provide full-spectrum change where true positive benefits, on multiple scales and for multiple stakeholder interests, are achieved.     

浅谈环境的意义

简述了Amos Rapoport（拉普卜特）的环境行为学研究,阐释了环境行为学研究与规划设计的关系,对环境蕴涵的意义进行了挖掘,并阐释了环境的意义如何影响人们的行为,探讨了非言语表达方法,分析了拉氏的环境行为学研究对于规划设计者的积极意义。     

洛阳某高校宿舍热环境调查与评价

宿舍热环境直接影响学生的睡眠质量和身心健康。分析了热环境的影响因素,对过渡季节的宿舍外热环境和室内热环境进行了测试,并用PMV-PPD指标对宿舍的热环境进行了评价。研究结论对高校宿舍热环境的研究和改善具有重要参考作用。     

突发公共卫生事件下社区环境的非线性心理影响研究

突发公共卫生事件给居民带来生理和心理健康威胁,社区环境使用和管理方式的改变以及隔离管控等防控措施对居民心理产生了影响,但影响程度和机制尚不明晰。通过新型冠状病毒肺炎期间进行全国范围网络问卷调查获取数据,对比线性与非线性2种模型。在控制疫情对居民日常活动限制的情况下,研究不同封闭管制时间内社区环境对居民心理压力的影响与其非线性特征。结果表明：在封闭管制不同阶段,社区环境对居民心理压力的影响不同,且这些影响中普遍存在非线性的特征,非线性模型能更精确地拟合社区环境因素的影响。一方面为更深入的非线性研究提供证据和方法上的参考,另一方面为社区面对公共卫生事件的规划管理提供依据。     

A typology of New Urbanism neighborhoods

This paper describes a framework for understanding the diversity of New Urbanism (NU) in practice in the United States. The framework is based on a nationally representative survey of NU developers that inventories characteristics of NU projects’ built environments across categories of urban design, land use, street configuration, and size. Using cluster analysis, the paper resolves the diversity of NU in practice into three types: Mainstream Urbanism, Dense Urbanism, and Hybrid Urbanism. The paper elaborates on each type, including geographic and temporal aspects of constituent projects. It also considers the ways in which the framework contributes to scholarly understanding of NU and advances the discussion of NU in practice.     

Neighbourhood regeneration: facilitating community involvement

In this paper, the courses of action taken to facilitate residents' participation, in developing community action plans, in two Australian public housing estate regeneration projects are examined. The findings are placed within the context of changes, over the past 20 years, to the operation of housing authorities that were antecedents to the newly emerging partnership models of regeneration between the public and private sectors and communities. Three major findings are highlighted. First, the government role, in terms of providing support positions and allowing adequate time for residents to participate is critical to the success of community participation activities. The second finding is that the ever-increasing privatisation of public sector activities and pre-occupation with developing a more efficient, effective and lean public sector, essentially defined in economic terms, is in conflict with meeting government social goals of community participation. Third, much of the rhetoric used in neighbourhood regeneration projects of 'rights and obligations' and 'sustainability' is not well defined and is sometimes implemented in contradictory ways. In applying these terms, the housing authorities and their regeneration partners need to elucidate the principles they are promoting. In light of the findings overall, it is concluded that we should question the capacity of market oriented regeneration policy to lead to resident inclusion.     

建成环境中的安全设计研究评析

基于对中国知网、维普以及万方三大数据库中对环境与犯罪预防设计研究的相关文献的归纳,首先对建成环境与犯罪之间的基础理论——CPTED的发展历程进行阐述,其次依照CPTED对建成环境的影响分三个不同策略角度进行了分析。     

建筑与人的行为的适应性关系

就环境行为学的基本知识,从建筑环境与人的行为关系的角度出发来探讨建筑与人的行为的适应性关系,进而说明建筑设计要充分考虑人的行为需求,引领人们的生活并能更好得完善环境与人之间的和谐关系。