Incremental Urban Intensification: Transit-oriented Re-development of Small-lot Corridors

The imperative to transform car-dependent cities for a low-carbon future requires that we engage with the challenge of increasing densities along existing road-based transit corridors – within the constraints of existing morphologies. Such corridors are often lined with small lots that are valued for their functional mix and urban character. This paper explores the degree to which small and narrow lots constrain urban intensification through a study of tram corridors in Melbourne. We examine the impact of site area, shape and access conditions as constraints on re-development and increased density. We find that small and narrow lots have not prevented intensification that is substantial in its accumulated effect and contributes more to urban character than large lot re-development. The paper discusses the relations of urban morphology to questions of car-dependency, development capacity and resident resistance.     

温哥华城市规划编制的模式、机制与启示

温哥华的城市规划管理系统被称为“自由裁量规划系统”。这城市规划管理系统融合了英国和美国两种不同的管理模式。英式城市规划管理注重自由裁量权在管理过程中的应用,而美式规划管理则依靠详细的法定分区图则,在决策过程中更偏重对清晰原则的依赖。而在温哥华,看似矛盾的两个系统共同存在,并实现了完美结合。在这一管理系统中,城市规划可分为政策研究、官方发展规划和分区图则3个层面。     

火车站区域整体开发与城市转型——荷兰恩斯赫德城市设计及启示

该文通过对荷兰恩斯赫德市火车站区域城市设计的研究,探讨了火车站区域的规划建设对于城市转型发展的作用,以及火车站区域的城市设计对土地利用、空间环境整治、城市交通系统整合、景观环境塑造等综合发展方面的积极意义。     

Speculation and Resistance: Constraints on Compact City Policy Implementation in Melbourne

Compact city policies such as Melbourne 2030 have been established in Australia for a range of reasons including climate change. It is now clear that the Melbourne 2030 policy has not been effective—with new development mostly on the urban fringe. This policy failure has often been sheeted home to resident and local government resistance to densification. This article suggests this narrative is insufficient to explain this failure at a metropolitan-wide scale and is clearly mistaken in one suburb, where aspects of the planning system appear to thwart the aims of strategic policy by encouraging speculation and producing vacant sites. Brunswick is an inner-city suburb with good opportunities for intensification adjacent to transit lines and on former industrial sites. In spite of resident resistance, 80 per cent of new dwellings proposed between 2002 and 2007 were approved for construction, and would have increased housing stock by 13 per cent. However, by 2009 just under half of all approved dwellings had been completed or commenced on site, while construction of the taller and higher density projects tended to stall, the sites having been on-sold and permits extended. We suggest developers anticipate that the planning system will ultimately approve significant increases in height and density, using Melbourne 2030 to over-ride local policy via appeals to the Planning Tribunal. Such permits produce significant capital gains that can be cashed without construction. We argue that elements of the Victorian planning system encourage ambit claims, contestation, cynicism and speculation, thwarting negotiations between residents, councils and developers towards a more compact city. The focus on the idea that resident resistance is the problem obscures the role the planning system itself plays in frustrating the goals of compact city policy.     

化学强化城市污水一级处理的机理研究

从污水污染物质颗粒分布的角度论述了混凝强化处理城市污水的机理,并指出化学强化一级处理工艺混凝剂投加量的影响因素包括:原水水温、pH值、SS及胶体污染物浓度等。阐明了化学强化城市污水一级处理工艺的处理效果。     

Social Capital,Neighbourhood Attachment and Participation in Distressed Urban Areas. A Case Study in The Hague and Utrecht,the Netherlands

During the last decade, academic interest in residents' participation in maintaining the quality of life in distressed urban areas has risen. Many articles seeking to explain why people participate relate the social networks dimension of social capital to participation. However, according to Putnam's definition of social capital, not only social networks, but also norms and trust give people the tools they need for participation. Other authors concentrate on the relationship between neighbourhood attachment and participation. However, an empirical analysis in which both factors are combined is lacking. This paper describes the combined effect of social capital together with neighbourhood attachment in explaining participation. The findings show that participation is greater for residents with social networks in the neighbourhood, who reject deviant behaviour, and have a stronger neighbourhood attachment. Trust in authorities was not found to have any statistically significant impact on participation. The conclusions underline the theoretical assumption that social capital and neighbourhood attachment form a useful pair of concepts in explaining participation, because they focus not only on what people have, but also on their mindsets.     

他山之石—浅析温哥华城市规划体系

温哥华市良好的城市形象得益于城市规划体系的成功运作,其城市规划的制定和实施过程中有着如法制管理,公众参与和补偿交换制度等一些有效的管理措施和办法,我国可借鉴温哥华的经验以改进城市规划工作。     

Urban Space Production in Transition: The Cases of the New Urban Areas of Hanoi

In recent decades, hundreds of master-planned new urban areas (NUAs) have developed on the urban fringes of expanding cities in Vietnam. They are promoted as a new urban planning concept in the post-reform policies. This article discusses the NUAs' planning concepts based on qualitative case studies of four NUAs in Hanoi, and on an examination of the 1990–2000 urban policies. It sheds light on transitional planning and urban space production processes in Vietnam and discusses urban quality in a rapidly urbanising Asian context. The article argues that NUAs are products of a hybrid, transitional system in which local government and the public sector form an alliance with the private sector to serve private interests in urban development. At the same time, NUAs are hybrid products of government-led, entrepreneur-driven planning and self-organising space production by the residents. The self-organising space production activities contribute to the urban quality of these new urban spaces, while the production of privatised, commodified spaces by corporate actors poses a threat to community life.     

New Directions in New Zealand's Urban Planning and Research?

This article explores the new directions that have emerged in New Zealand's urban planning and policy since 1999. In particular it looks at some consequences of the move from sustainable management to sustainable development for urban areas. It also identifies and explores constraints that may limit the production of sound research on which to base those new urban planning and policy directions.     

关于新版《城市规划编制办法》中城市增长边界的思考

2006年新版的<城市规划编制办法>明确提出在城市总体规划纲要及中心城区规划中要划定"城市增长边界",用以限制城市的发展规模和划定城市的建设范围.划定城市增长边界是西方国家在对城市蔓延式发展反思过程中提出的一种技术解决措施和空间政策响应,当前已成为美国控制城市蔓延发展最成功的技术手段和政策工具之一.我国与美国在发展阶段、土地制度、政治制度方面均存在差异,为了确保城市增长边界概念引入后与现有规划体制相适应,应坚持区域统筹发展原则,选择合理的城市发展模式,改变传统城市建设用地边界线的确定模式,保障城市增长边界的实效性.     

城市景观风貌的研究对象～体系结构与方法浅谈——兼谈城市风貌特色

城市景观的内涵因学科的不同而有所侧重,城市风貌由形而上的"风"和形而下的"貌"组成,对城市景观风貌的研究包含对显质形态风貌要素和潜质形态风貌要素的研究.城市风貌系统结构呈现出空间生态结构和时间文态结构的双重属性.对城市景观风貌的维育,应当综合运用各种原理与技术,强化实施与管治研究.     

Urban Planning and Urban Sprawl in Korea

This research focuses on the issues of urban sprawl in Korea. The urban sprawl phenomenon began around the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) at the beginning of the 1990 s. The research reviews the situation in other cities around the country, and analyzes the causes of urban sprawl, such as population concentrations around the SMA, the failure of planning systems, land conversion and land prices. In particular, this article attempts to explain the increase in land price by using empirical data on the areas under investigation. The article also attempts to present planning alternatives to prevent further urban sprawl.     

西方城市规划理论及相关期刊述评

文章通过对西方城市规划理论发展的述评,剖析其发展趋向,采用web of Science的SSCI期刊引用影响因子数据,对国际城市规划类期刊的影响力进行评价,着重对13种有关城市研究,城市规划和地理学等方面的代表性期刊进行了介绍和分析,当代国际城市规划类期刊发展的格局已经基本确定,一大批最具有影响力的期刊如Urban Studies、International Journal of Urban and Regional Research、Annals of AAG等已经拥有了相当大的作者群和读者群,很多在城市规划、城市管理、城市研究方面最具影响力的理论、方法及其介绍都是在这些期刊上出现的。     

从《城市规划汇刊》出版内容看中国大陆城市规划的发展趋势

笔者此文是从《城市规划汇刊》出版内容来展示中国大陆城市规划的发展趋势的,《汇刊》自1978年底复刊以来,其刊登内容基本上与中国大陆改革开放的形势同步,及时对城市规划学科的理论与实践、经验与总结作了很好的对应,并在某些撰稿者原创精神的指导下,对未来的城市规划学科发展作了有创意的开拓与探索,使《汇刊》成为当今中国一份重要的学刊。文章对《汇刊》存在的缺点提出建议,以期“好还要越好”。最后对中国大陆城市规划的发展趋势作了初步的检讨。     

Urban Intensification in Auckland,New Zealand: A Challenge for New Urbanism

Medium Density Housing (MDH) is a relatively new form of housing in New Zealand where the standalone house on a separate lot has traditionally been revered. This paper reports on the findings of a research project on Ambrico Place, a major MDH initiative in Waitakere City, one of four cities in the Auckland metropolitan area. This case study explores the development of a site that has been significantly influenced by new urbanist principles. The paper provides an overview of the historical and political context influencing the take up of MDH in Auckland. It briefly reviews theory and principles arising from new urbanist movements then describes the Ambrico Place Research Project. Next, it explores three interrelated issues, relevant to new urbanism, that arose from the research; the quality of the built environment, community and social interaction, and transport patterns of MDH residents. Implications for planning are identified. Finally, three problems are noted: the uncritical and incoherent implementation of new urbanist principles; the contradiction between the drives for both diversity and homogeneity in the built environment; and the tensions arising from the application of an environmental effects-based approach to planning in an urban setting.     

城市、城市规划与公众参与：一次始于概念的探索

“城市”、“城市规划”的概念具有多样性,反映了人们丰富多彩的“城市”理想和对“城市规划”的不同期待。无论是从“城市规划”的定义还是从已有部分文献的结论出发,公众参与在现代城市规划中都具有重要地位。对有关概念的重新探索,可提供一个新的理解专业知识、权力、公众参与和城市规划的相互关系的角度。     

淮南市“多规合一”规划对城市空间特色规划的指导研究

文章以淮南市城市空间特色规划项目为例,论述了如何在“多规合一”的指导下进行总体城市设计的方法,以期为新时期城市特色的塑造和城市设计的方法探讨提供借鉴。     

Employing New Tools for Realising Urban Housing Potential: A South East Queensland Perspective

Like many of the other Australian metropolitan areas South East Queensland is rapidly growing. A population increase of approximately 1 million over the next 20 years will demand new planning and development responses and new policy tools. This article provides an empirical account of the piloting of one such new policy tool which assesses the potential and suitability of densification in urban localities.     

谈吉首市城市城镇体系规划设计

以湖南省西部吉首市的城市规划为例，介绍了吉首市总体规划修编应充分体现“五个统筹”的规划观念，坚持“以人为本”、突出特色、协调发展的原则，从而促进吉首市城市整体竞争力的提高。