ABSTRACTS

This paper makes analysis and discus- sion of railway roiling stock market of the world, the posi- tion of CNR in the world and the condition of main multi- national corporations.     

The tragedy of the commons and energy price depression of China

This article indicates by example about power price of Henan province that the energy resources of Henan province are ＂the commons＂. According to analysis of the game of ＂the tragedy of the commons＂, this article demonstrates that, whether under complete information or not, energy commons are abused. Based upon the situation, the author gives out the strategy to solve ＂the tragedy of the commons＂ of China energy sources.     

New method of calculating formation parameters of low permeability gas reservoir

The data of modified isochronal testing of gas well is just used to calculate gas well deliverability. Fully utilizing well test data make it possible to obtain formation parameters, such as gas well deliverability, effective permeability and skin factor at the same time. Based on transient flow theory, the pressure drawdown equation of gas unsteady seepage can be deducted. One simulated case is used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method. The result of analyzed case shows that the proposed method can provide accurate estimate of formation permeability and skin factor compared with the method of Homer curves.     

Rose-red color oxynitride : A visible light photocatalyst to hydrogen production

Rose-red color Nb₂Zr₆O_17-xN_x oxynitride photocatalyst was synthesized by thermal ammonolysis of Nb₂Zr₆O₁₇ at 1073 K. TEM image of Nb₂Zr₆O_17-xN_x sample showed prismatic pseudo orthorhombic shaped particles with clear edges and an average particle size in the range of 80–90 nm. The photocatalytic activities of the oxynitride samples were studied for hydrogen production by H₂S splitting under visible light irradiation. The oxynitride Nb₂Zr₆O_17-xN_x gave the quantum yield of 13.5% in the production of hydrogen from decomposition of hydrogen sulfide under visible light irradiation.     

台阶式溢流坝消力池时均压强特性试验研究

Experimental research was conducted on the stepped chute which connected with horizontal stilling basin directly. New date was presented on the pressure head alone the floor of the stilling basin and the characteristics of hydraulic jump. The experiment data indicated that the maximum pressure head was in the impact area of the stilling basin floor next to the chute. Smaller step size and steeper chute angle would cause bigger pressure head. The minimum value of the pressure head was found behind the impact area.     

Energy Scheduling with Roles Dormant Cells （SRDC） in wireless sensor network （WSN）

Power consumption is the main challenge to expand the wireless sensor network, since the active nodes are vulnerable to energy consumption. This paper proposes the tasks scheduling and distribution energy management mechanism of roles dormant cells to curb excessive consumption of energy in the performance of duplicated tasks. Experimental results verify the proposal existing low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy （LEACH） protocol with SRDC approach establishes a low-energy communication structure and increases the lifetime.     

Airfoil effects on efficiency of 2 MW horizontal axis wind turbine blades

Optimization of airfoil characteristics such as lift and drag is essential for high efficiency wind turbine blade design. In this research, effects of airfoil lift and drag on blade power coefficients were investigated by using of wind turbine blade design software, PROPID. Firstly, a wind turbine blade of 2MW class was designed with DU-serics airfoils in the inner part and with aNACA series airfoil as a main airfoil in the outer part. Lift distribution was set to have near L/D maximum at each span station. Then, lift and drag curves were modified to observe effect of L/D variation. Drag and lift change with constant L/D on blade power coefficient was also studied for sensitivity investigation. Each case was optimized with Newtonian iteration incorporated in PROPID. High design lift coefficient results in less chord length and twist angle to maintain same aerodynamic load level. And, power coefficient wasn＇t improved much with high L/D. During the process, optimal inputs such as lift distribution, design lift and induction factors were suggested. As results, it was found that L/D maximization was important to obtain high efficiency. For the L/D maximization, lift maximization was important to minimize structural weight, but decreasing drag didn＇t affect the blade shape.     

Load Management Scheme Using Air Conditioning Electric Power Consumption and Photovoltaic Power System Generation

In the last few decades, in the world and also in the European Union, considerable resources had been invested in the rapid development of renewable energy sources and distributed generation in general. At the same time, power consumption is continuously increasing, and consumers are becoming more complex, which ultimately requires new investments in the distribution network. Concept of smart grids is generally accepted as a possible solution. Smart grid is a concept with many elements, where monitoring and control of every element in the chain of production, transmission, distribution and final consumption enable much more efficient delivery and use of electricity. One of the elements of smart grid efficiency is the ability of real-time demand-supply balancing. This balancing is carried out by monitoring of consumption and redistribution of electricity among individual end users, according to their needs. The aim of this paper is creating algorithm for real-time load management using power measurements. Algorithm for real-time load management at the ETFOS （Faculty of Electrical Engineering in Osijek）, Croatia is created based on measurements of photovoltaic power plant production, the power consumption of air conditioning system and the faculty building total electricity consumption. Expected result of real-time re-dispatching of air conditioners consumption, depending on the level of electricity production in photovoltaic power plant is decreasing peak demand of the faculty.     

Flow around Wells Type Runner Installed in Floating Type Unique Ocean Wave Power Station

The authors have proposed the unique ocean wave power station, which is composed of the floating type platform with a pair of floats lining up at the interval of one wave pitch and the power unit where the runners are submerged at the middle of the platform. Such a profile can make the flow velocity at the runner twice faster than that of OWC （oscillating water column） type constructed adjacent to the seashore. The behavior of the platform in the wave has been reported, and this paper continuously investigates the effects of the runner casing on the runner work and the platform behavior. Besides, the flows around the Wells type, not only single runner but also tandem runners are investigated numerically. It was confirmed that the runner work attenuates the platform amplitude and the runner casing contributes to increase the output. The flow simulation suggests that the tandem runners may be appropriate for the floating type ocean wave power station to get enough output.     

Measurement of the Energy Spectrum of the Neutrons inside the Neutron Flux Trap Assembled in the Center of the Reactor Core IPEN/MB-01

This paper presents the neutron energy spectrum in the central position of a neutron flux trap assembled in the core center of the research nuclear reactor IPEN/MB-01, obtained by an unfolding method. To this end, we have used several different types of activation foils （Au, Sc, Ti, Ni, and plates） which have been irradiated in the central position of the reactor core （setting number 203） at a reactor power level （64.57±2.91 watts）. The activation foils were counted by solid-state detector HPGe （high pure germanium detector） （gamma spectrometry）. The experimental data of nuclear reaction rates （saturated activity per target nucleus） and a neutron spectrum estimated by a reactor physics computer code are the main input data to get the most suitable neutron spectrum in the irradiation position obtained through SANDBP （spectrum analysis neutron detection code-version Budapest University） code： a neutron spectra unfolding code that uses an iterative adjustment method. the integral neutron flux, （2.41 ± 0.01） × 10^9 n·cm^-2·s^-1 for the thermal The adjustment resulted in （3.85 ± 0.14） × 10^9 n·cm^-2·s^-1 for neutron flux, （1.09 ±0.02） × 10^9n·cm^-2·s^-1 for intermediate neutron flux and （3.41 ± 0.02） × 10^8 n·cm^-2·s^-1 for the fast neutrons flux. These results can be used to verify and validate the nuclear reactor codes and its associated nuclear data libraries, besides, show how much effective it can be that the use of a neutron flux trap in the nuclear reactor core to increase the thermal neutron flux without increase the operation reactor power level. The thermal neutral flux increased 4.04 ± 0.21 times compared with the standard configuration of the reactor core.