热连轧带钢立-平辊多道次轧制热力耦合三维有限元模拟

对热连轧Q345B窄带钢精轧立-平辊多道次轧制进行了三维热力耦合有限元模拟,分析了轧制过程中轧件温度场、等效应力-应变场及轧件表面特征点流动规律。结果表明,模拟计算的带钢断面中心点温度及平轧各道次稳态轧制压力与实测值吻合良好;宽度方向轧件边、角部与中心温差较大是导致边部金属应变不协调,上翻至带钢边部表面的主要原因;轧件角、边部由于冷缩效应存在一定拉应力,会影响轧件角部缺陷的愈合或扩展;采用立辊侧压调宽对轧件边部减薄和翻平宽展可能造成的边部缺陷有明显的改善作用。表面节点位置变化规律可为现场轧制生产中轧件边部缺陷的溯源分析提供便利。     

铁素体轧制工艺条件下边部缺陷控制方法研究

研究了在铁素体区轧制条件下热轧带钢边部翘皮的宏观分布规律和微观缺陷形貌,分析了该工艺下缺陷形成的原因,粗轧段板坯边角部进入两相区,同时生产线的立辊和侧导板等接触设备的表面质量不良,造成了边角部变形不均,在精轧过程中最终形成边部翘皮。结合现场工艺,探讨了缺陷的改善措施,通过优化粗轧立辊辊型,提升轧制过程中坯料边角部温度,以及通过设备功能精度管理提升粗轧、精轧的侧导板和立辊辊面质量,最终消除了铁素体轧制超低碳钢的边部质量问题。     

09CrCuSb热轧卷边部缺陷的成因分析

为了解决09CrCuSb耐酸钢热轧卷分条切边过程中的边部分层问题,采用金相显微镜与SEM-EDS分析仪研究了3种09CrCuSb热轧卷边部缺陷,即边部分层、边部的端面凸起和平行于轧制方向的端面纵裂纹。结果表明,本边部分层缺陷实际上是由热轧侧导挤压所致,校正侧导位置后未再发生,判定边部分层缺陷产生原因的关键在于分层缺陷的内表面状态。端面凸起是因为连铸机精度偏差使铸坯发生边角裂,控制连铸机对弧与辊缝偏差在0.5 mm以内,缺陷发生率从5.4%降低到0.2%以下,端面凸起缺陷实际上是热轧卷烂边的初始形态。端面纵裂纹缺陷是因为连铸坯窄边存在群簇状气泡及钢种本身裂纹敏感性较强,通过降低连铸塞棒和水口氩气到4~6 L/min,按标准下限控制裂纹敏感性元素,缺陷发生率从8.7%降低到了0.45%。为控制09CrCuSb热轧卷边部缺陷提供参考。     

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 无取向电工钢W800基板在热连轧轧制过程中板面出现凹坑和孔洞质量缺陷,采用化学成分检测和金相微观组织分析法进行了系列分析。结果表明,该类热轧基板的凹坑缺陷是由于板带轧制时撞击和磨擦精轧机组的侧导板,生成了不少外部异物,飞落到板带板面,经后续轧制压入板带表面,然后又脱落形成板面凹坑;由于带钢频繁撞击侧导板,导致板带边部形成裂口,同时侧导板局部断裂成小块,并压入带钢,经后续轧制时,因形变不一致生成了孔洞缺陷。     

支承辊边部缺陷分析与控制技术

轧辊边部缺陷是影响支承辊使用寿命的主要缺陷之一.支承辊与工作辊之间的接触应力峰值过高是导致轧辊产生边部缺陷的主要因素.工作辊辊身中部在使用中的磨损,以及热处理工艺造成的边部材质的差异,加大了轧辊边部缺陷发生的可能性.通过合理的控制技术可有效降低轧辊边部缺陷事故的发生.     

热轧带钢边部翘皮缺陷成因分析

为了探明低碳钢在带钢轧制过程中出现边部翘皮缺陷的形成原因,取样分析了翘皮缺陷形貌及夹杂物成分,并采用ø750 mm×550 mm高刚度二辊热轧机组进行实验室模拟轧制分析翘皮缺陷演化过程。通过建立不同轧制方案,探明了热轧带钢翘皮缺陷形成于精轧道次,缺陷的产生与坯表面质量和边部原始凝固组织无关,轧材在轧制过程中由于边部不均匀变形形成侧面凹陷,凹陷在后续轧制中被轧制压缩闭合,并翻转到表面成为翘皮缺陷。最后,工业生产试验表明,倒角铸坯可提高轧材边部在轧制过程中的温度和均匀性,抑制轧材边部不均匀变形,有效降低翘皮缺陷的发生率。     

一种热轧翘皮缺陷的分析与控制

针对一种热轧工序产生的带钢表面翘皮缺陷,利用扫描电镜,结合缺陷的形貌及分布规律,分析了其形成原因。结果表明,此类缺陷与基体存在明显分层,为热轧精轧工序侧导板粘钢掉落至带钢表面所致。通过抑制中间坯跑偏、预设侧导板开度余量、及时更换修磨侧导板等措施,有效减少了此类翘皮缺陷的发生。     

桥壳钢边部裂纹缺陷原因分析

桥壳钢边部出现线状裂纹缺陷,钢板开裂发生在距离边部 20mm范围之内。通过金相显微检验对裂纹产生的原因进行分析,检验结果表明：钢板传动侧与操作侧边部表层均观察到厚度约 150μm的贝氏体组织,钢板板宽方向的其他部位表层组织与试样正常组织相同,均为铁素体＋珠光体。由此可知,钢板边部冷速过快导致贝氏体组织出现,贝氏体塑性较铁素体＋珠光体差,在钢板卷取过程中导致开裂的发生。     

3 500 mm产线薄宽规格桥梁板边浪原因分析与控制

针对某厂生产薄宽规格桥梁板在冷床冷却时出现边浪的问题,分析了其产生原因,即钢板在冷却过程中边部和中部温差较大,边部和中部收缩不一致产生不均匀变形而导致钢板边浪缺陷.在轧机无弯辊、轧辊轴向横移等先进板形控制手段,产线无冷矫直机和压平机对板形进行处理的条件下,通过调整压下负荷分配,末道次和末第2道次产生比例凸度差,使轧制钢...     

钢板结疤的原因分析与解决措施

通过分析造成钢板结疤的原因,认为铸坯切割返渣、钢板轧制过程中钢板撞击侧导板是造成钢板结疤缺陷的主要原因,并提出了相应的解决措施。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。