汽车覆盖件成形回弹仿真及模面优化研究

回弹是汽车覆盖件冲压成形时产生的主要质量缺陷之一,直接影响到覆盖件产品的尺寸精度和最终形状。以某汽车覆盖件为例,利用板料成形仿真软件Dynaform实现了零件的冲压成形和回弹模拟,重点预测了实际板料冲压成形后可能出现的回弹量,并优化模具型面来控制回弹。通过将仿真结果与实际生产合格零件作对比,验证了优化方案的合理性和仿真模拟的准确性,对汽车覆盖件模具生产制造具有重要的指导意义。     

基于实例的典型汽车覆盖件模具设计

在分析了汽车发动机舱盖结构和工艺特点的基础上,确定了零件的冲压工序过程图,并对拉深、修边和翻边工艺性进行了阐述.同时,介绍了汽车覆盖件模具结构设计特点,并以CATIA为计算机辅助设计工具,设计出发动机舱盖拉深、修边及翻边成形所需的模具零件并对模具零部件进行装配,得到模具的装配体的三维数模.指出设计汽车覆盖件模具需要注意...     

基于DYNAFORM的汽车覆盖件模具型面设计及成形性分析

以板料成形非线性有限元分析软件eta／DYNAFORM为平台，介绍了汽车覆盖件模具型面设计过程，对某种汽车引擎罩零件冲压成形过程进行数值模拟，根据模拟结果进行成形性分析，为优化工艺参数和模具结构提供了强有力的工具。     

基于NX平台的汽车覆盖件翻边成形与运动仿真系统

基于UG NX平台开发了汽车覆盖件翻边成形与运动仿真系统FFAW(Flanging Forming Analysis Wizard)。该系统采用模具曲面自动离散小平面技术,在NX建模环境下实现了汽车覆盖件翻边成形模拟的模具装配,避免了在NX装配环境下更新保存速度慢和零件切换显示复杂。同时,利用离散的小平面体实现了翻边过程仿真,解决了翻边成形工艺工具体的装配和干涉问题。FFAW系统充分考虑了翻边冲压方向、斜楔运动方向、驱动角以及翻边行程等工艺参数,能够反映真实冲压环境下的翻边成形过程,并通过工具体的装配定位、测距和动画显示等功能对其运动情形进行检查。最后通过某汽车零件的实例分析,证明了系统的有效性和实用性。     

汽车覆盖件成形数值模拟与模具型面设计

以某汽车覆盖件为研究对象,利用板料分析软件Autoform对其进行了冲压方向的确定、压料面和工艺补充面设计、拉延筋设计以及拉延成形过程的数值模拟。通过仿真预测了板料成形过程中拉裂、减薄、起皱等缺陷,并根据模拟结果分析了板料与凸凹模的摩擦、工艺补充面、压边力、拉延筋等因素对缺陷产生的影响,进而调整优化了板料成形工艺参数和模具型面结构,消除了零件成形中的质量缺陷,提高了成形工艺的可靠性,为实际生产中覆盖件冲压工艺确定和模具型面设计提供了参考和依据。     

汽车横梁零件拉深模数字化设计

采用CAD/CAE数字化技术,基于自顶向下的设计思路,对汽车覆盖件模具进行了数字化设计,提高了覆盖件模具设计的准确性和开发效率。首先通过CAE技术对横梁零件的拉深方向、压料面和工艺补充面进行设计,获得数字化拉深模型面,并进行仿真验证,将拉深模型面导入UG软件中,从总体到局部设计了横梁拉深模结构,最后横梁零件的实际生产结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

汽车横梁零件拉深模数字化设计

采用CAD/CAE数字化技术,基于自顶向下的设计思路,对汽车覆盖件模具进行了数字化设计,提高了覆盖件模具设计的准确性和开发效率。首先通过CAE技术对横梁零件的拉深方向、压料面和工艺补充面进行设计,获得数字化拉深模型面,并进行仿真验证,将拉深模型面导入UG软件中,从总体到局部设计了横梁拉深模结构,最后横梁零件的实际生产结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于DYNAFORM的汽车前防撞梁支撑板的拉延模具设计

汽车覆盖件是以冲压件为主的零件,而作为生产冲压件的冲压模具的设计,与汽车覆盖件的成形质量息息相关。利用DYNAFORM仿真软件对某汽车防撞梁支撑板进行了拉延仿真,并依据仿真结果对其冲压速度、拉延筋布置方案、压边力、凸凹模间隙等参数进行选取和设计。通过分析厚度变化云图,采用厚度差来评价成形结果,确定了具有较好成形效果的参数组合。仿真结果表明:在确定了拉延模具采用等效实体拉延筋的设置后,压边力为360 k N、冲压速度为4000 mm·s-1、凸凹模间隙为0.66 mm时,可获得最好的成形效果。本设计及其仿真结果为其他类型的汽车防撞梁支撑板拉延模具设计提供了有效参考。     

汽车前围板冲压数值模拟及工艺参数优化

针对汽车覆盖件冲压过程变形复杂的特点,对某型号汽车前围板零件拉深过程进行数值模拟,分析压边力及拉延筋的变化对该零件成形效果的影响。通过成形极限图优化压边力及拉延筋,最终获取该零件拉深工序合适的工艺参数,为汽车覆盖件冲压工艺提供快速、有效的设计方法。     

Sigma稳健性分析在冲压模具调试中的应用

在汽车冲压模具的成形分析过程中,往往一些参数无法精确给定具体数值,如材料参数、摩擦系数、拉伸筋强度、板料形状等都存在不确定性,导致现场调试时与CAE仿真结果不吻合,不能及时生产出合格的制件,影响模具调试周期.基于AutoForm-Sigma模块,阐述稳健性分析在汽车覆盖件车门内板冲压模具制造调试过程中的成功应用,快速找...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。