辊压成形板材表面微结构数值模拟研究

微结构辊压成形技术是耦合了传统的辊压技术与微挤压成形技术的一种新型成形技术,该技术将所需微结构复制到辊表面,然后将辊上的微结构再复印到板材表面。通过有限元对板材微结构辊压成形过程进行数值模拟,对成形阶段及温度在90,120和150℃等条件下对成形力的影响进行分析,结果表明:整个辊压阶段,板料发生剧烈塑性变形的范围只集中在板料表层,应变的最大值总是分布在凹槽的底面,板料中间至底部几乎没有应变;同时随着温度升高,稳定成形阶段的载荷值呈降低趋势。通过实验进行了验证,给出了实验结果的局部测量值。     

基于有限元模拟的变截面辊弯成形起皱缺陷预测

针对变截面辊弯成形过程中凸弧受压失稳起皱问题,利用改进后的C-B起皱预测准则和有限元仿真技术,计算起皱因子以评价板料凸弧各处起皱发生的难易程度,生成起皱云图以观察材料各部分的稳定状态并预测可能出现起皱的部位。根据此准则,通过正交实验研究板厚、圆弧半径、边腿高度和圆弧圆心角对起皱的影响规律,为修改辊弯成形工艺和模型提供依据。有限元仿真模拟结果与理论推导数据吻合良好,证明了起皱准则的有效性和精确性。     

镁合金管材的热态内压成形起皱行为分析

利用数值模拟和塑性理论分析AZ31B镁合金管材的热态内压成形过程的变形机理,找出临界起皱应力、应力状态及皱纹形状的变化规律。结果表明:随着温度升高,管材轴向抗起皱能力下降,其机理是材料的屈服强度和弹性模量随温度升高而下降;皱峰和皱谷处应力轨迹均在环向应变伸长和轴向应变压缩的区域;随着补料量的增大,皱峰处应力向壁厚减薄的方向发展,皱谷处应力向壁厚增加的方向发展;内压与材料屈服强度之比(相对压力)决定初始屈服时皱峰和皱谷处壁厚的变化情况,即温度较高时,相对压力较大,初始屈服时皱峰和皱谷处应力状态越易处于管壁呈减薄趋势的区域;当温度较低时,相对压力较小,初始屈服的皱峰和皱谷处的应力状态越易处于管壁有增厚趋势的区域;随着温度升高,相同加载路径下皱纹的高度和波长增大,皱纹趋向于向中间移动,且波数减少。     

无压边多点成形中起皱的分析与控制

起皱是板材无压边多点成形中容易产生的成形缺陷。本文根据对多点成形过程中起皱的数值模拟与力学分析,基于Donnell-Mushtari-Vlasov的浅壳理论,给出了球面多点成形局部起皱的判断准则,计算了起皱的临界应力。利用多点成形的柔性可变的特点,可以抑制甚至完全消除起皱缺陷,有关的成形实验结果说明了变路径多点成形及分段成形技术抑制起皱的有效性。     

三维曲面板类件的连续柔性成形技术研究

文章通过对三维曲面板类件的不同成形方法的比较与分析,介绍了该技术的成形原理,开发出基于多点调整式连续柔性成形原理的实验设备,并进行了三维曲面板类件的成形实验。实验结果表明,板类件横向形状(曲率)取决于柔性辊的弯曲形状,纵向形状(曲率)由上辊的压下量决定。得出结论:使用可弯曲柔性辊的连续柔性成形技术是一种成形三维曲面板类件快速而经济的方法。     

浅析辊压成形工艺在汽车门槛中的应用

轻量化是汽车技术发展的重要方向,大量采用辊压技术提高车身高强钢应用范围是重要方法。对某款车型辊压门槛与冲压门槛在质量、成本、性能这3个方面进行了分析。通过对比分析发现辊压门槛相比冲压门槛质量轻、价格便宜,整车碰撞性能更优。     

Longitudinal and shear strain development in cold roll forming

In this paper we examine strain development during the roll forming process and particularly the relationship between longitudinal and shear strain. It can be shown that theoretically it is possible for there to be no longitudinal strain during roll forming (in which case there would be shear strain) or no shear strain (in which case there would be longitudinal strain). In actual practice the strain will lie between these two extremes and will comprise both shear and longitudinal strain. This is seen to be consistent with experimental results.     

Study on the continuous roll forming process of swept surface sheet metal part

Continuous roll forming (CRF) is an effective process to manufacture swept surface parts of sheet metal. The forming tool in CRF is a pair of small-diameter bendable forming rolls, a swept surface is formed continuously after the rotating rolls sweep out the whole sheet metal blank. The two bent rolls and the non-uniformly distributed roll gap along the rolls’ length make the sheet metal bent in longitudinal and transverse directions simultaneously, the cross-section curve of the formed swept surface is controlled by the curved profile of the forming rolls and the spine curve is controlled by the differential elongations of sheet metal generated by roll gap. In this paper, a necessary condition for the formation of a swept surface is proposed and analyzed, the parametric equations of the formed surface in CRF are derived and the method to determine the roll gap for forming a given swept surface is presented. The numerical simulations and analyses on the CRF processes demonstrate the validity of the presented theoretical models. The experimental and measured results show that the formed surfaces are in good agreement with the desired surfaces, and swept surface parts with good forming precision can be obtained by CRF process.     

Three-dimensional sheet metal continuous forming process based on flexible roll bending: Principle and experiments

To effectively manufacture three-dimensional sheet metal parts with various curvatures produced in small batch quantities, continuous sheet metal forming, a new flexible forming technology is being developed. This process employs an upper flexible roll and two lower flexible rolls as a forming tool, and the shape of a flexible roll can be changed in vertical direction. With the rotation of flexible rolls, the sheet metal is bent in longitudinal and transverse directions simultaneously and is formed continuously. In the present study, the three-dimensional surface of formed part is described by sweep surface based on the characteristic of the forming process and the arc-length parametric equation for describing continuous forming part is developed. The three-roll bending deformation of sheet metal in longitudinal direction is analyzed and the longitudinal curvature equation of the formed part is derived. The shape of flexible roll axis controlled at a number of points is represented by the cubic spline curve and the transverse curvature of the formed part after springback is then calculated piecewise. Typically experiments for forming concave shape surface and saddle-type surface have been performed, the experiment results are measured and analyzed by a binocular stereo vision measurement system, it is demonstrated that the formed surfaces are in good agreement with the desired shapes and the presented equations are useful for the continuous forming process design.     

数控渐进正/反向复合成形中成形顺序对成形质量的影响

对于数控渐进成形中装夹面上下两侧都具有形体特征的复杂钣金件,仅利用单一的数控渐进反向成形或正向成形无法完成其成形。针对此问题,提出了一种基于正向成形与反向成形相结合的数控渐进复合成形方法,并给出了3种复合成形策略即正向成形与反向成形的3种成形顺序:反向-正向成形、正向-反向成形、正向/反向并行成形。同时利用数值模拟和实际成形实验对比分析了上述3种成形顺序对成形质量的影响。研究结果表明,采用正向-反向成形和正向/反向并行成形的成形效果优于反向-正向成形;在3种复合成形方式中,采用正向-反向成形的成形质量与成形效率最高。     

面向数控渐进成形鼓包问题的成形轨迹生成与规划

针对数控渐进成形中鼓包的问题,提出了基于STL(Sterolithography)模型的等高线轮廓扫描、等高线轮廓与底面扫描、各等高层由外向内全扫描和各等高层由内向外全扫描4种挤压工具扫描运动轨迹类型,并给出了基于STL模型顶点偏置算法和多边形边偏置算法的各类型挤压运动轨迹生成方法;同时,采用有限元分析软件对这4种扫描运动轨迹的数控渐进成形效果进行了数字模拟仿真分析。研究结果表明,采用各等高层由内向外全扫描的轨迹进行数控渐进成形时不发生鼓包现象,并且能够减少制件的整体厚度差。     

Surface topography evolvement of galvanized steels in sheet metal forming

U-channel forming tests were performed to investigate the surface topography evolvement of hot-dip galvanized(GI) and galvannealed(GA) steels and the effects of die hardness on sheet metal forming(SMF). Experimental results indicate that the surface roughness values of the two galvanized steels increase with the number of forming, i.e., the surface topographies of galvanized steels are roughened in SMF. Moreover, GI steel has a better ability of damage-resistance than GA steel. The mechanisms of topography evolvement are different in the forming of GI and GA steels. Scratch is the main form of surface damage in the forming of GI steels. The severity of scratch can be decreased by increasing die hardness. GA steel results in exfoliating of the coating firstly and then severe scratching. The surface topography of galvannealed steels can be improved by increasing die hardness. However, the hardness should not be too high.     

马鞍形板件冲压成形新工艺

曲面板件在冲压成形时常常发生起皱现象。从曲面板件的几种冲压成形方法出发,讨论了各自的特点,提出了一种新型的曲面板件冲压成形技术,其为多点压板成形冲压工艺与杆系柔性成形模具。杆系柔性成形模具由可重构的杆系组成,若干个可更换的冲压头构成模具冲压型面;冲压过程中模具对板料实施压边、压板与成形,板面压板力提升了板料的抗失稳能力,保证复杂曲面板件的顺利成形。     

数控渐进反向成形中支撑模对成形精度的影响

针对数控渐进成形时是否采用支撑以及采用何种类型支撑的问题,探讨了支撑模的完整性对成形精度的影响。以对称圆台钣金件、非对称钣金件、非对称台阶钣金件3种典型钣金件为研究对象,分别采用全模支撑、半模支撑和无底模支撑3种支撑类型进行成形精度分析。给出了3种支撑建模方法,利用数值模拟分析了3种支撑下的成形情况,并通过成形实验制作了钣金件。研究结果表明,对称规则钣金件采用3种支撑均可;非对称钣金件采用全模支撑可保证成形精度;非对称台阶钣金件采用半模支撑可以达到理想成形效果。