等壁厚金属定子内螺旋曲面内外高压充模胀形仿真研究

针对等壁厚螺旋定子金属管高压胀形,提出了内外分步高压胀形的工艺方法,该方法毛坯管的直径介于管件螺旋曲面的大径和小径之间,用外高压胀形成形管件凹槽部分,用内高压胀形成形管件凸起部分,减少胀形极限高度对工件厚度和几何尺寸的限制。建立了内外模具螺旋曲面的三维实体模型和有限元模型,应用有限元软件进行胀形过程仿真,揭示了金属管材在受均匀高压并与规律螺旋面接触下的受迫流动规律。设计和实施了胀形实验,验证了内外分步充模胀形的工艺方法,该方法可以大幅减少胀形系统压力,大幅提高了定子螺旋曲面的制造效率。     

螺杆钻具双等壁厚金属定子外高压成形方法研究

为了解决页岩气开采用螺杆钻具双等壁厚定子内螺旋曲面难加工的问题,建立双等壁厚定子的外高压成形数值模拟模型,研究管坯几何尺寸、液压力大小和回弹对定子成形质量的影响规律,通过实验和三维测量验证了数值模拟模型的准确性。结果表明：管坯几何尺寸与壁厚、等效塑性应变、位移、残余应力和间隙值成正比;成形液压力达到150 MPa及以上对等效塑性应变、壁厚几乎没有影响;定子胀型区域的回弹量大于过渡区域和接触区域;当成形液压力为210 MPa,管坯内径为88 mm,定子成形质量最优。     

螺旋定子内螺旋曲面反求建模方法研究

等壁厚橡胶衬套螺旋定子的出现,大幅提高了螺杆钻具和螺杆泵的性能.针对该种定子金属壳内螺旋曲面的复杂性和型线表达的不确定性,文章研究了采用NURBS构造螺旋定子端面型线及螺旋曲面的表达式.提出了根据测量数据点反求定子内螺旋曲面的两种方法,通过CAD软件的二次开发实现了螺旋定子内螺旋曲面的三维建模,为定子及其加工刀具廓形的设计和制造提供了技术支持.     

大型变壁厚TC4半球超塑胀形工艺研究

对大型TC4钛合金变壁厚半球壳体的超塑胀形工艺进行了研究。采用数值模拟手段先后分析了单向胀形和正反胀形后半球毛坯的壁厚分布规律,指出了正反胀形工艺在壁厚分布上的优势,并给出了反胀模具型面曲线优化的关键参数及其对成形壁厚分布的影响规律。用优化后的模拟数据结果指导实际实验参数设计,在理论分析基础上进行了实验验证。结果表明,数值模拟数据较好地预测了超塑成形后的半球壁厚分布,利用优化后的正反胀模具实现了半球实验件的壁厚按需分配。成形后材料强度略有下降,延伸率得到提升。正反胀形方法能够明显提高钛合金板材的材料利用率和后续毛坯的车加工效率,降低制造成本。     

大长径比不锈钢定子衬套液压成形方法研究

为了满足深部高温地层、地热井等恶劣钻井工况的需要,提出大长径比螺旋曲面等壁厚金属定子衬套与转子啮合的方法。研究了金属定子衬套外高压成形方法。考虑摩擦润滑、管件尺寸、材料性能参数、加载压力和加载路径等参数,建立了大长径比螺旋曲面金属定子衬套外高压数值模型。对金属定子衬套外高压成形过程进行了模拟,提出了"壁厚相对误差、圆角贴模系数、成形质量系数"三项等壁厚金属定子衬套成形质量评价指标。并利用熵权法确定了各个评价指标的权重,获得各内径管件成形质量综合评价值。结果表明:采用外高压成形工艺可以获得大长径比螺旋曲面状金属定子衬套,在给定成形参数下,内径86 mm的管件成形质量最优。     

TC4半环超塑正反胀形工艺研究

本文对钛合金半环的超塑成形技术进行了工艺研究。采用正反胀形方法来控制成形后半环的壁厚,并通过数值模拟手段,对壁厚控制的关键即正反胀形模具型面进行了优化设计,同时进行了试验验证。结果表明数值模拟数据较好的预测了超塑成形后的半环壁厚分布,利用优化后的正反胀模具实现了半环试验件的壁厚均匀化。该方法能够明显提高材料利用率和后续车加工效率,并降低制造成本。     

铝合金超塑性气胀成形壁厚分布工艺研究

应用MARC软件对铝合金的超塑性胀形进行仿真,分析正反向和正向超塑胀形对成形件壁厚分布以及不同变形量对胀形结果的影响,比较了2种不同胀形方式对成形件壁厚分布和成形极限的影响。结果表明,采用合理的正反胀形可以很好地改善成形件的厚度不均匀性并大大提高成形极限,实验验证了仿真和实验结果相吻合。     

5A06薄壁壳体超塑胀形过程壁厚分布规律及其控制

采用正反胀形法对薄壁壳体的壁厚分布进行了改善。首先通过数值模拟的方法,模拟了正胀形及两种不同反胀形模具气胀过程,进行了模具的设计制造;然后对正胀形及正反胀形进行了实验验证,并比较了两种不同反胀形形状对最终零件壁厚分布的影响,提出了用壁厚分布均方差判定壁厚均匀性的判据。研究表明,与正胀形相比,采用两种正反胀形法成形的零件的最小壁厚从0.69 mm增加到0.91 mm和0.89 mm,使零件的壁厚分布均方差从0.1236降低到0.0727和0.0642,证明了正反胀形法可以改善5A06铝合金壁厚分布均匀性。     

钛合金波纹管超塑成形工艺研究

首次开发利用氩气的压力胀形和轴向加载的复合超塑性工艺成形技术制造钛合金波纹管的新工艺,可加工多波U型钛合金波纹管。超塑成形采用多层模结构,用模具来控制波形。超塑成形加载过程分为胀形、合模和定型3个阶段,以使成形件的壁厚分布均匀。确定了筒坯的下料尺寸;给出了各个成形阶段胀形气压和保压时间的计算公式;通过超塑胀形实验成形了Ti-6Al-4V钛合金双波波纹管。     

DC04钢板胀形-渐进复合成形锥形件成形能力的实验研究

为了提高渐进成形过程中板料的成形极限和加工效率,提出了胀形-渐进成形的复合成形方法,通过胀形-渐进成形复合成形锥形件实验,研究了DC04钢板胀形-渐进成形复合成形锥形件和纯渐进成形锥形件的成形极限角和应变变化以及壁厚分布规律。结果表明:预成形高度为h=15 mm和h=25 mm时,复合成形零件的成形极限角分别为α极=66°和α极=69°;采用胀形-渐进成形复合成形锥形件,当胀形的最大减薄量发生在局部渐进成形区内,并且胀形和渐进成形的最大减薄量位置方向相反时,锥形件壁厚趋于均匀,提高了胀形-渐进成形的复合成形能力。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.