汽车冷却器缓冲罩多工位成形工艺设计及数值模拟

分析了汽车冷却器缓冲罩的结构特点和冲压工艺特性,制定了该零件成形工艺方案。运用Dynaform软件对其多工位级进冲压过程中主要涉及的拉深、整形、冲孔、翻边等工序进行数值模拟。分析了每个成形工序的板料成形极限图(FLD)和零件壁厚分布图,模拟结果符合零件成形要求。据此设计出该零件12工位的级进冲压模具,试模生产出了合格的产品。通过对模拟和试冲结果相比较,其零件厚度的最大相对误差为2.87%,获得了较好的一致性。目前该汽车冷却器缓冲罩级进模已投入大批量生产。     

基于有限元分析的级进模拉深工序优化设计

提出了基于有限元分析的级进模拉深工序优化设计方法,用该方法对一个带有侧冲孔和商标印的圆筒件级进模的拉深工序进行了优化设计。根据经验公式该圆筒件需要两次才能拉深成形,而有限元分析结果显示该圆筒件在一定工艺条件下能一次拉深成形。优化设计使该零件的拉深次数从两次减少到一次,缩小了级进模尺寸。该圆筒件级进模的成功试产证明了基于有限元分析的拉深工序优化设计是正确的。     

微电机连接簧片多工位级进模设计

分析了微电机连接簧片成形工艺,介绍了连接簧片排样方案与多工位级进模结构,级进模包括冲裁、弯曲、卷圆等多种工序。生产实践表明:级进模结构合理,能保证产品质量,生产率高,可供类似零件的成形提供参考。     

电源连接器面板冲压工艺与级进模设计

分析了电源连接器面板成形工艺,合理安排加工工序,确定了冲压零件级进模结构。介绍了零件排样设计要点、模具结构特点和主要工位设计分析。实践证明:模具生产效率高,生产的零件质量稳定,可为类似零件多工位级进模设计提供参考。     

壳体盖板级进模设计

通过针对壳体盖板拉伸件的结构特点分析,对成形工艺过程和各工序间排列方案进行比较以及对所需设计、加工的级进模全部成形工艺及工序排列的过程和排样方案进行了确定。同时介绍了该级进模的主要工作零件及模具的总装结构设计。     

圆盘支架外壳多工位级进模设计

介绍了圆盘支架外壳结构与成形工艺,采用子模单元的多工位级进模结构替代原多副单工序模的冲压方式。通过实际生产表明,采用级进模生产汽车钣金结构件,降低了零件生产成本和工人劳动强度,提高了零件成形质量和生产效率,可为此类零件的冲压生产提供参考。     

某车门导轨件多工位级进冲压成形数值模拟分析

对于结构复杂零件的多工位级进冲压成形工艺,依赖经验设计出来的模具在试制过程中往往需要反复试模和修模,产品制造周期长、成本高。为了准确预测某形状复杂车门导轨件的变形情况,运用Dynaform软件对其多工位级进成形中所涉及的压弯-拉深、修边、整形、翻边等工序进行了有限元数值模拟研究,较好地解决了模具运动实现和多工序建模的问题,最后将模拟结果与试验结果进行了对比分析,两者吻合良好,所获得的工件厚度最大相对误差仅为2.7%。结果表明,所采用的数值模拟方法和建立的有限元模型具有较高的准确性。     

风扇电机固定支架弯曲与翻边复合模设计

通过对排风扇电机支架的成形工艺进行分析,阐述了排风扇电机固定支架零件弯曲、翻边复合模的设计方案,并介绍了零件经级进模加工完成后的弯曲、翻边工序在同1副模具上一次成形的工艺过程。生产实践证明,复合模工序设计合理,结构可靠,成形的零件质量稳定,对同类零件的模具设计具有一定的参考作用。     

电器支架精密多工位级进模设计

通过分析电器支架的零件结构及其成形的工艺特点和难点 ,拟定了一系列针对性工艺措施并优化其成形的排样方案 ,结合冲裁、弯曲、拉伸、整形、冷镦等多种工序 ,设计了合理的模具结构 ,成功地实现了该零件在精密多工位级进模上成形。     

基于数值模拟的级进模筒形拉深工步工艺分析

在带有拉深工步的级进模设计中，用数值模拟技术对其拉深工步进行工艺分析是非常重要的。由于级进模中的拉深工步要受到其他工步的牵制，其拉深成形比单个零件的拉深要困难一些，因此在对拉深工步的工艺性进行数值模拟时，所建立的毛坯几何模型、边界条件和压边条件等也都与单工序模有差别。结合某工厂的攻关项目，运用ANSYS对级进模中筒形拉深工步的成形性能和数值模拟的关键技术进行了研究，经生产实际验证，该分析过程合理、准确。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.