氧乙炔火焰喷焊制备自熔性合金涂层及其性能研究

目的研究镍基自熔性合金喷焊涂层成形机理,比较不同合金材料制备涂层的综合性能,以获得综合性能最佳的喷焊材料。方法以四种不同成分的镍基自熔性合金粉末作为喷焊材料,通过氧乙炔火焰在45钢基材表面进行喷焊。使用金相显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等对喷焊层进行显微结构分析,并利用维氏硬度计、磨损试验机等对喷焊涂层性能进行对比分析。结果氧乙炔火焰制备的涂层与基体呈现良好的冶金结合,涂层和基体在喷焊过程中发生元素扩散,生成了金属间化合物,基体的整体性能有显著改善。随着材料中Cr、B、Si等合金元素含量的增加,喷焊时涂层中生成的BCr、Ni17Si3等共晶硬质相含量上升,促使涂层的显微硬度、耐磨性能等得到显著提升。其中,Ni60A涂层提升最为显著,其涂层硬度相当于基体硬度的2.5倍,耐磨性为基体的18.1倍。Ni25A涂层提升最小,其显微硬度是基体的1.3倍,耐磨性是基体的6.6倍。结论喷焊状态下的Ni60A涂层与基体冶金结合良好,涂层表面质量好,涂层性能最佳。     

Bi、Ti复合添加对灰铸铁焊补区组织与性能的影响

通过在灰铸铁气焊丝中复合添加合金元素Bi和Ti,研究了Bi、Ti元素对焊补区组织与性能的影响.结果表明,微量Bi、Ti元素的复合加入可有效提高焊缝金属的石墨化能力,促进石墨形核与生长,抑制渗碳体的形成.在焊丝中添加Bi约100 ×10-4%、Ti约0.3%条件下,焊缝和熔合区中石墨和铁素体析出数量显著增多,焊补区硬度趋于降低,机械加工性能明显改善.微合金化铸铁焊补区与灰铸铁母材在性能和色泽上具有良好的一致性.     

焊丝成份对YG30/钢焊缝组织和硬度的影响

选用不同成份Ni-Fe-C合金焊丝对YG30硬质合金与45钢进行了TIG焊试验。用扫描电镜、电子探针,显微硬度分析了焊接接头的组织、元素扩散和硬度分布。结果得出,在57wt%Ni-Fe合金的基础上,适当增加焊丝中C浓度可以减少或抑制(相形成。焊缝的硬度随焊丝C浓度的增加而增加。C浓度为0.8wt%的焊丝,焊缝硬度最高,达320HV左右。     

焊丝成分对镍基高温合金TIG焊焊接性的影响

解决K4951合金的熔焊修复是实现新一代航空发动机机匣研制的关键.针对K4951合金中的难熔元素含量高、可焊性较差的问题，本文根据该合金的成分特点，通过调整母材中的沉淀强化元素和固溶强化元素，设计出7种成分的焊丝，并利用扫描电镜、透射电镜、电子探针和热力学软件等研究手段分析了合金元素对焊接接头的裂纹敏感性和持久性能的影响.结果表明，在母材成分的基础上提高焊丝中B元素含量至0.04%，接头的裂纹敏感性显著增加，焊缝金属加工即断裂；提高Nb元素含量可提升晶界液膜的愈合能力，有效的降低焊缝样品的焊接敏感性，接头的持久寿命由15 h提升至41 h；降低Cr,Mo元素的含量可以在一定程度上提高的合金的裂纹敏感性，使接头的持久寿命提升；提高Al元素的含量，同时调控Nb,Cr,Mo等元素可有效抑制裂纹形成，并提升了焊缝金属的高温服役性能.研究结果可为后续沉淀强化镍基高温合金的焊接性研究提供一定的参考价值.     

火焰喷焊修复铸件的表面缺陷

选用F103、F303自熔性合金粉末为喷焊材料，采用氧乙炔焰“一步法”喷焊方法，针对HT220铸铁表面缺陷，通过喷焊修复试验，研究了喷焊工艺对涂层质量的影响，通过扫描电镜、金相显微镜等分析仪器，对涂层组织结构及结合机理进行了分析研究。结果表明，采用合理的喷焊工艺，可明显的提高涂层的结合强度，改善涂层组织的性能，可实现涂层与铸件基体具有良好的微冶金结合机理。     

药芯焊丝在工程机械高强异种钢焊接中的应用

采用“铁研试验”力学性能试验和金相试验等，研究了药芯焊丝（ＥＦ０３５０４１）ＣＯ２气体保护焊条件下ＨＱ１３０＋ＱＪ６３高强度异种焊接接头的组织性能，并与实芯焊丝（Ｈ０８Ｍｎ２ＳｉＡ）ＣＯ２焊的焊接接头性能进行了比较，结果表明，由于药芯时丝采用气－渣联合保护，合金元素烧损少，焊缝金属抗裂性好，焊缝拉伸强度，冷弯角超过实芯焊丝焊缝，因此，采用药芯焊丝代替实芯焊丝用于工程机械高强钢焊接中可提高生产率，降     

960 MPa高强钢金属粉芯型药芯焊丝焊缝金属韧化机理

针对960 MPa高强钢研制了以Mn,Ni,Mo和Cr元素为主要合金体系,以Ti,B,Nb和Al元素为微合金元素的金属粉芯型药芯焊丝. 采用熔化极气体保护焊进行施焊,通过拉伸试验和低温冲击试验等方法对接头力学性能进行了测试,结合金相组织观察、断口扫描、能谱分析和透射电镜观察等对合金元素的作用机理进行了分析. 结果表明,接头抗拉强度平均值为952.24 MPa,-20 ℃焊缝低温冲击吸收功平均值为70 J,研制的焊丝在保证接头强度的同时有效改善了焊缝金属的低温冲击吸收功. 在药芯成分中,主要合金元素起固溶强化和弥散强化作用,微合金元素通过细化晶粒、抑制块状铁素体析出和增加针状铁素体形核率等方式改善低温冲击性能.     

S1100Q钢窄间隙熔化极气体保护焊

S1100Q细晶高强钢成功地采用窄间隙熔化极气体保护焊实施焊接。在相同焊接速度时,用药芯焊丝和实心焊丝焊接的接头机械性能无明显区别,热影响区的冲击韧性大于焊缝金属,但焊接接头均在热影响区断裂。采用药芯焊丝焊的焊缝金属中,合金元素Cr、Mo和Ni的含量高于采用实心焊丝焊的。焊接速度成倍增加后,焊接接头和焊缝金属的屈服强度和拉伸强度升高,而冲击韧性和断后伸长率则降低。冲击韧性和断后伸长率满足欧盟标准要求。     

LH-01富氩耐候钢焊丝的研制

采用焊接冶金方法,初步确定与09CuPTiRe钢材耐大气腐蚀相匹配,同时具有较高的低温（-40℃）冲击韧性的焊缝金属化学成分,再根据各合金元素在富氩混合气体保护焊中的过渡率及焊缝金属X探伤达Ⅰ级片要求,确定该焊丝的化学成分。经试验该焊丝焊缝金属的AKV≥47J（-40℃）,耐腐蚀性与09CuPTiRe相匹配,抗低周应变疲劳性能达14MnMb等焊接接头的水平。     

5A90铝锂合金T形接头激光填丝焊接头组织性能分析

对2.5 mm厚5A90铝锂合金T形接头激光焊和激光填丝焊接头组织与性能进行了研究.结果表明,与不填丝相比,焊接过程中填充焊丝有效减少角焊缝咬边、下塌等缺陷,明显改善焊缝表面成形,同时增大了接头熔化区面积,提高了激光的吸收率;填丝还使得T形接头两侧角焊缝组织大小趋于相同,但组织相对粗大;接头抗拉强度接近提高20%,拉伸断口呈韧性断裂.     

Fluxless laser beam joining of aluminium with zinc coated steel

Abstract

A laser welding–brazing (LWB) process to join zinc coated steel and aluminium sheets in two different flange geometries is reported. The deep drawing steel sheets are covered by a zinc layer of maximum thickness 10 μm, and a zinc based filler wire was used in the welding experiments with a Nd–YAG laser. Because of the differences in melting temperatures between iron (1808 K), aluminium (933 K), and zinc (693 K), it is possible to weld the aluminium alloy only. Owing to the zinc coating on the steel side, a Zn–Al alloy can be brazed onto the steel without any flux agent. The inevitable formation of a Fe–Al intermetallic phase at the bondline of the weld seam and the steel can be limited to a thickness of less than 5 μm and to a proportion of the contact area only. Mechanical as well as dynamic tests show results comparable to those obtained via other joining techniques. Salt chamber corrosion tests of varnished specimens display minor damage and no decline in tensile strength.     

基于单片机控制的Q890D钢/6061铝合金MIG焊接头组织与性能

选取TI公司开发的MSP430F149单片机为控制核心的MIG焊过程控制系统,研究焊接电流、焊接速度、焊接方向&焊枪角度和钢侧坡口角度等对Q890D钢/6061铝合金焊缝成形的影响,并在优化焊接工艺下分析焊接电流和焊接速度对Q890D钢/6061铝合金MIG焊接头界面区组织和接头力学性能的影响。结果表明:Q890D钢/6061铝合金适宜焊接方向为右焊法,适宜的焊枪角度为10°,适宜的钢侧坡口角度为45°,焊丝位置宜处于钢侧坡口中部,适宜的焊接电流和焊接速度分别为105 A和50 cm/min;不同焊接电流和焊接速度的Q890D钢/6061铝合金MIG焊接头的断裂位置都处于界面区,而MIG焊过程中界面区形成的靠近钢侧的(Fe,Cu)2Al5和靠近铝侧的(Fe,Cu)4Al13相的双层金属间化合物层结构有助于改善焊接质量。     

Welding equipment for reinforcing the edges of corrugated walls of the casings of transformers of a new generation of TMG series

The application of aluminium alloy, which is a typical lightweight material, has been expected in the construction of transportation vehicles to achieve energy saving by reduction of weight. However, structures made of whole aluminium alloy have problems with low strength and high cost. Thus, hybrid structures made of Al alloy and steel are useful because of light weight and higher strength. To construct the hybrid structure, it is necessary to weld aluminium alloy and steel. However, conventional welding methods, like brazing and mechanical fastening, have problems such as low mechanical strength and low productivity. Also, it is difficult to weld Al alloy and steel by conventional fusion welding.

In this study, spot welding between aluminium alloy and low carbon steel by friction stirring was carried out. Especially, optimization in welding conditions was carried out. Moreover, the effect of welding conditions on the joint strength and weld interface was studied. As a result, relatively higher tensile shear strength of the weld, which was achieved at optimum welding conditions, was obtained. Temperature near weld interface measured by K-type thermocouple during welding was found to be lower than the melting point of A5052. From the observation results on microstructure of the weld interface, it was found that a Fe/Al intermetallic compound layer was formed.     

TIG电弧热丝对铜、钢堆焊的工艺研究

针对某产品铜带焊接工艺,提出了一种电弧热丝方式应用于TIG堆焊铜、钢工艺的研究。电弧热丝可有效预热低电阻率的焊接材料,如铜;传统的电阻热丝只能加热具有高电阻率的焊接材料,如钢。采用电弧热丝系统,热丝电流小于50A时即可有效预热焊丝,与电阻热丝电流400A相当。在相同焊接电流下,能够大大提高焊接熔敷速度;在相同送丝速度下,降低焊接电流,大大降低焊接设备功率。同时证明2种热丝加热方式对钢基体、铜合金的影响相同,特别是对堆焊层铜合金中泛铁量的影响相当。     

镍箔中间层对不锈钢/铝合金激光深熔焊的影响

以不锈钢201和铝合金5052作为试验材料,添加镍箔作为中间层,配合钢上铝下的搭接接头形式,采用激光深熔焊方法进行了焊接试验,分析了热输入对焊缝成形的影响以及添加镍箔后接头力学性能与不锈钢／铝合金焊接性的变化,并提出了焊缝下凹深宽比r以表征焊缝对应力集中的敏感程度．结果表明,热输入升高会导致焊接过程中飞溅增加,焊缝宽度与下凹程度增大,熔穿深度升高;不锈钢焊缝金属嵌入到铝合金内的熔穿深度对焊缝的力学性能有着重要的影响;镍中间层的添加有效地改善了接头力学性能,扩大了可用的工艺参数范围．     

铝制散热器焊接工艺对防腐涂料附着力的影响

目前绝大多数铝制散热器厂家均采用钎焊工艺焊接使用的铝硅合金焊丝,导致钎缝处的硅量很高.因此在漆前表面处理过程中,钎缝处会发生选择性腐蚀,从而析出大量的、疏松乱堆的硅微粒;这种微粒会极大的恶化钎缝处漆膜附着力下降.与钎焊不同,氩弧焊焊缝性质与母材性质十分接近,完全不存在上述问题.      

低合金钢气体保护焊焊丝残余Al对焊缝氢气孔的影响

低合金钢气体保护焊实心焊丝中的残余Al对焊缝金属氢气孔的影响,既取决于焊丝的合金体系,又与保护气体氧化性的强弱有关。含有一定量残余Al的低合金耐热钢焊丝在80％Ar 20%CO2富氩混合气体保护焊工艺条件下,其焊缝金属极易产生氢气孔。     

7A52铝合金-钢异种结构CMT熔钎焊接头组织及镀镍层的行为与影响

以ER4043铝硅焊丝为填充金属,研究了Q235钢螺柱与7A52铝合金板CMT焊接工艺,在焊接电流115~135 A,电弧电压14.5~16.5 V,焊接速度0.3 m/min条件下,焊接过程稳定,焊缝成形连续美观.结果表明,7A52铝合金侧熔合区界面为熔焊特征,铝母材发生熔合,熔合良好;钢螺柱侧熔合区为钎焊特征,界面存在反应层,由靠近钢螺柱的Fe₂Al₅层和靠近焊缝侧的FeAl₃层组成,整体反应层厚度由根趾向焊趾方向逐渐减小.焊趾部位出现富镍区,主要由Al₃Ni的共晶组织及少量Al₃Ni₂组成.与无镀镍层焊缝比较表明,镀镍层在焊接过程的行为降低了界面反应层厚度,且通过形成富镍区,降低了接头的脆性,使接头抗剪切强度提高了15%~19%,最高达到146.9 MPa,满足了高强铝合金螺柱焊接的质量要求.     

Novel dissimilar spot welding of aluminium alloy and steel sheets by friction stirring

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) has been applied to a dissimilar metal lap joint of an aluminium alloy and steel by stirring only the upper aluminium alloy sheet. Therefore, FSSW cannot be used to weld a lap joint composed of three or more sheets and a lap joint with an adhesive interlayer. In the present work, we propose a novel spot welding process for dissimilar metal lap joints using a new tool with the tip made of spherical ceramics. When this process is applied to the lap joint of the aluminium alloy and steel, the tool can be plunged into the lower steel sheet, then a steel projection is formed in the aluminium alloy sheet. The height of this steel projection increases with the plunge depth, and accordingly, the weld strength increases; the tensile shear strength and the cross tensile strength reached about 3.6 and 2.3 kN/point, respectively.     

Research on CMT welding of nickel-based alloy with stainless steel

Cold Metal Transfer （CMT） welding technique is a new welding technique introduced by Fronins company. CMT welding of nickel-based alloy with stainless steel was carried out using CuSi3 filler wire in this paper. Effects of welding parameters, including welding current, welding speed, etc, on weld surface appearance were tested. Microstructure and mechanical properties of CMT weld were studied. The results shaw that the thickness of interface reaction layer of the nickel- based alloy is 14. 3 μm, which is only 4. 33% of base material. The weld is made up of two phases, α-copper and iron-based solid solution. Rupture occurs initially at the welded seam near the edge of stainless steel in shear test. The maximum shear strength of the CuSi3 welded joint is 184. 9 MPa.