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《中国新技术新产品》2016,(12)
目前国内大多数的垃圾发电厂在锅炉启动阶段和助燃阶段均使用油燃烧器进行启动或助燃,油燃烧过程中污染较大,因此,升级改造现有的余热锅炉以及汽轮发电机组系统是应对节能减排、应对能源和环境问题的首要任务。本文通过分析对余热锅炉以及汽轮发电机组的扩容改造,以满足未来垃圾热值继续升高情况下,提高焚烧线垃圾处理能力。 相似文献
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厨余垃圾数量的不断增加对环境造成了严重影响,目前厨余垃圾堆肥化产生的厨余垃圾堆肥品质较差,并且易对土壤造成污染。本文探讨厨余垃圾堆肥在五个不同烘焙温度(250℃、300℃、350℃、400℃和450℃)、停留时间30 min条件下获得固体产物的燃料品质和燃烧特性。结果表明,烘焙对厨余垃圾堆肥样品燃料品质(元素分析、工业分析、热值、Cl含量、质量产率和能量产率)和燃烧特性有明显影响。随着烘焙温度的升高,烘焙固体产物的固定碳和C含量、热值等提高;Cl含量降低,可以有效抑制燃烧过程中二噁英前驱体的生成,减少二次污染。烘焙后的厨余垃圾堆肥的燃烧放热主要在固定碳燃烧阶段,总体燃烧放热量增加,燃烧特性改善。厨余垃圾堆肥的烘焙温度宜选择250~300℃。烘焙预处理对厨余垃圾堆肥燃料特性有明显的改善作用,可以实现厨余垃圾堆肥无害化、减量化和资源化利用。 相似文献
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在火力发电厂的燃料管理中,入炉与入厂的煤热值差是非常重要的一项指标,因而,本文通过分析火力发电厂燃料热值差的定义、如何计算人炉与入厂的煤热值差,以及在管理燃料热值差上存在的问题与解决措施,有效提升发电厂对燃料热值差的规范化管理。 相似文献
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<正>液化天然气(LNG)是“洁净能源”,是高热值的无公害燃料。在发达国家除作民用燃料使用外,作为发电厂燃料使用越来越多,而且从环境保护出发,用天然气取代煤燃烧发电——联合循环发电,将是必然趋势。 相似文献
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垃圾填埋是目前城市垃圾处置的主要手段,但是其带来的环境影响极其严重,同时它的生态恢复也成为环境保护领域一个相当紧迫和突出的问题。从垃圾填埋场的存在问题着手,考虑修复过程中总体原则,分别阐述几种垃圾填埋场生态修复和污染控制技术:覆土技术、微生物技术、植被技术及其封场技术。 相似文献
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垃圾焚烧发电作为目前垃圾“无害化、减量化、资源化”处理最有效的方式,将成为垃圾处理的主要方向。但垃圾成分复杂、热值不稳定、含水量差异大,燃烧工况极不稳定。本文从垃圾焚烧稳定性、产能的可靠性和经济性出发,着重研究探讨一种经济可行的伺服助燃系统.使垃圾处理的“三化”效果更趋理想。 相似文献
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随着人们对环境方面要求的日益增长,垃圾合理处理在践行绿色发展理念和推动生态文明建设进程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。生活垃圾焚烧发电技术作为固废资源利用的一种方法,如今已经演变成为一种成熟的资源利用技术。分别从垃圾焚烧发电行业的上、中、下游,即从垃圾焚烧的原料性质、燃烧发电技术以及烟气控制方面对国内外生活垃圾焚烧技术进行了比较分析,认为随着生活垃圾量日益增长,生活垃圾焚烧技术仍是一种实现减量化、资源化必不可少的手段,但是需要提升焚烧技术,改进国产焚烧工艺,严格控制焚烧烟气中污染物的排放,建立实时监测点,避免造成二次污染。 相似文献
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随着空冷技术在大型火力电厂上的广泛应用和安全运行,越来越多的在北方缺水地区建设的垃圾焚烧电厂,倾向于采用空冷技术,由于垃圾焚烧电厂与火力发电厂在厂房布置形式和空冷岛大小的差异,导致我们并不能简单的套用火力发电厂的空冷技术,在结合大连垃圾焚烧电厂的实地情况,并对该电厂进行空冷技术的数值模拟计算,为后期垃圾焚烧电厂的设计提供理论参考。 相似文献
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垃圾焚烧发电项目已逐渐成为由地方政府主导的PPP项目,随着国家能源战略的深入,依靠科技创新,加快节能减排技术研发和产业化推广已成为迫在眉睫的任务。在项目建设标准和融资要求高,垃圾处理费低和投资回收期长等多重压力下,通过对垃圾焚烧发电系统进行逐步、分项的设计优化,利用最新技术使资源得到高效深度利用,可以有效降低工程建设成本,提高项目运营经济性,实现垃圾减量化、无害化和资源化,对垃圾发电长远健康发展具有参考价值。 相似文献
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This paper deals with the problem of efficient energy utilization in the field of thermal processing of waste (waste-to-energy).
An up-to-date incineration plant cannot be considered as only waste disposal facility. The waste combustion (incineration)
processes are accompanied by release of large amount of energy, that shall be effectively utilized (e.g. steam production
and its export to consumers, power generation, cogeneration). In addition to the main purpose of incineration, i.e. treating
the specified amount of waste, waste-to-energy systems are able to some extent substitute conventional energy production plants
fired by fossil fuel and thus to contribute to solving global environmental problems. For example, methodology presented in
Reference Document on the Best Available Techniques for Waste Incineration (BREF) can be used for assessment of plant performance
from the view of energy utilization. This approach is based on evaluation of criterion Plant Efficiency. An existing incineration
plant has been evaluated and results are presented and discussed. In the future, it has been expected that evaluation like
this will be obligatory for every plant. The arrival of more and more sweeping environmental limits represents a driving force
for retrofit. At the same time maximum heat recovery and efficient energy utilization should be required. Influence of different
operational modes (type of waste incinerated, combustion temperature, air-preheating etc.) and lay-out of heat recovery system
(e.g. cogeneration) on plant performance has been investigated. A mathematical model based on combination of basic auxiliary
operations and simple thermodynamic models of heat engines has been created with the aid of a specific computational tool.
Its conception is based on both requirements and experience coming from industry. The most serious problem of effectively
running incineration plants consists in economical utilization of energy produced. Examples of integration into existing energy
systems are shown and discussed.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
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Steven Kraines Hitoshi Shigeoka Hiroshi Komiyama 《Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy》2003,4(4):204-216
With the "Containers and Packaging Recycling Law", Japan has shown a firm conviction towards the promotion of recycling.
Waste can be "recycled", i.e. resource value of waste material can be recovered, in many ways, from material recycling to
energy recycling. Alternatively, waste can be reduced or disposed of in landfills. A system tradeoff model is developed from
component process technology models of six different recycling and disposal options for household plastic waste processing:
plastic pellet production, refuse derived fuel production, oil production, waste incineration to produce electricity, use
of waste plastic as a coke substitute, and incineration for volume reduction. These technologies are compared with the case
where all waste plastic is land filled. Models based on plant data, laboratory experiments, and theoretical considerations
of scale effects and mass balances are developed to calculate the cost, energy consumption, CO2 emission, and land fill occupancy. The models also calculate the valued products of each technology and convert them into
cost, energy, CO2, and landfill occupancy using life cycle inventory data. These values are subtracted from the outputs of the waste processing
models to obtain overall performances for each technology. The overall tradeoff system model is then used to evaluate several
scenarios of plastic recycling and disposal technologies in Tokyo.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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目的 响应国家垃圾分类政策,通过设计社区生活垃圾分类设备检测系统,提高分类正确率,改善“混投乱投”的现状,从源头提高城市垃圾分类投递的准确性。方法 结合现有针对垃圾容重区间划分方法和多种评价标准,总结归纳各类垃圾的容重阈值划分区间,并将其作为垃圾分类的判断方法。设计体积检测模块,利用激光测距传感器点阵获得待测物切片遮挡图和截面积,并计算待测物体积,结合称重传感器计算待测物容重,并依据容重区间对待测物进行分类判断。结果 根据容重阈值分类标准,对多种随机样本进行检测。绝大多数可回收物和厨余垃圾的容重检测值在各分类的容重阈值内,可以被正确分类;其余样本在混合垃圾容重阈值内,符合边界条件设定和模糊垃圾的样本按其他垃圾标准处理的分选原则,检测结果符合分类要求。结论 基于体积扫描检测容重的社区生活垃圾分类系统可以满足居民前端投递环节中对生活垃圾分类检测的需求,有助于提高源头分类的准确性,能有效推进我国垃圾分类和再生资源利用工作的发展。 相似文献
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A study on the chemical and mineralogical characterization of MSWI fly ash using a sequential extraction procedure 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The presence of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is of environmental concern due to their leaching potential in landfill environments. Sequential chemical extraction was performed on fly ash samples from a large-scale municipal solid waste incineration plant in East China. The transformation of the mineralogical species of fly ash during the sequential extraction was studied using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The leaching behavior of heavy metals such as zinc, lead, cadmium and copper in MSWI fly ash was considered to have a dependency relationship with the components of calcium, such as aphthitalite, calcite, anhydrite and calcium aluminate or calcium aluminosilicate. 相似文献