磁悬浮型硫氮共掺杂二氧化钛光催化剂降解甲基橙的研究

以粉煤灰浮选出的磁性空心微珠为载体,以钛酸四丁酯为原料,以硫脲为添加剂,采用溶胶-凝胶-低温烧结法制备了可磁性分离回收的悬浮型硫氮共掺杂Ti O2复合光催化剂,研究了催化剂对甲基橙的光催化活性。结果显示,在可见光为光源的条件下,催化剂对甲基橙具有良好的光降解功效,在p H=6.3、催化剂用量为2 g/L、甲基橙初始质量浓度为10 mg/L的条件下,光照1.5 h后,降解率达到93%。催化剂可通过磁铁进行液固分离回收,干燥活化后对甲基橙的降解率仍在80%以上。     

磁性负载纳米TiO_2催化剂的制备与光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法在复合磁性载体上负载纳米二氧化钛膜,得到了易于磁性固液分离的复合光催化剂,运用XRD、BET、SEM等方法表征它的物质性质,并以典型的偶氮染料甲基橙为目标污染物,研究了不同工艺条件下制备的催化剂的光催化剂的活性。结果表明:以钛酸丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法在复合载体上负载4次,500℃保温2 h,得到的磁载催化剂活性最高,处理初始浓度为20 mg/L,pH值为7,2 h降解率达到46%,同时此催化剂能够用磁场回收利用。     

Ag掺杂二氧化钛光催化降解甲基橙的研究

以二氧化钛为钛源,硝酸银为银源,制备了掺银的TiO2光催化剂,以分析TiO2的掺银量、催化剂用量、溶液的初始浓度的影响为基础,研究了掺银的TiO2光催化剂催化降解甲基橙的动力学过程。结果表明:在40 w紫外光条件下,初始浓度为5 mg/L的甲基橙溶液,掺银量为5%(摩尔分数),催化剂用量为0.9 g/L,室温下反应2 h时后甲基橙的降解率达到93%;银掺杂TiO2光催化降解甲基橙的反应可以用一级反应动力学方程进行描述。     

TiO_2/AC负载型光催化剂的制备及性能研究

以活性炭为载体,用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO2/AC负载型催化剂,用XRD对其进行了表征。以甲基橙为目标降解物,以紫外灯为光源对催化剂进行了光降解研究。考察了催化剂煅烧温度、催化剂用量、光催化反应时间、催化剂重复使用次数等对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明：催化剂煅烧温度500℃,催化剂用量为0.8 g/L,光催化反应时间为2 h,甲基橙降解率最高,可达到97.26%。催化剂再重复使用5次后,对甲基橙的降解率仍然可达到91.48%。     

TiO2-Fe2O3复合材料降解甲基橙溶液的研究

本文采用膜渗析除氯法和有机溶剂乙酸异戊酯作为共沸干燥溶剂进行共沸干燥,然后煅烧制备出TiO2-Fe2O3复合材料粉末,以甲基橙为模拟污染物进行了粉体光催化降解实验,研究了焙烧温度、催化剂使用量、溶液pH等因素对光催化降解去除率的影响。确定出甲基橙溶液降解的最佳工艺条件为：紫外光照射下,当甲基橙的初始浓度为30mg/L时,催化剂焙烧温度550℃,投加量为2.0g,光照时间10h,溶液pH为3,在恒温25℃条件下甲基橙的降解率可达80.01%;催化剂循环使用4次后,降解率仍达70%以上。     

碳包覆四氧化三铁类芬顿降解酸性橙的研究

采用溶剂热法制备出碳包覆四氧化三铁(C@Fe3O4)的新型磁性碳材料,利用透射电镜和X射线衍射对材料形貌进行了表征,将材料作为非均相类芬顿反应催化剂对酸性橙的降解进行了研究。结果表明便于磁性分离的C@Fe3O4材料对酸性橙具有较高的降解活性,当酸性橙浓度为1×10-4mol/L,催化剂投加量为0.4 g/L,H2O2浓度为3.5×10-3mol/L,反应时间为120min,p H=3的条件时降解率达到85%。随着温度的升高,酸性橙降解效率明显提高,并且可以在一定范围内克服p H的限制,扩大反应对p H的适用范围。     

氧化钇掺杂TiO2的光催化活性研究

采用固相研磨法制备Y2O3-TiO2复合半导体光催化剂和纯TiO2光催化剂。以甲基橙为降解目标物,研究了Y2O3掺杂TiO2为催化剂的紫外光催化反应,来探讨Y2O3掺杂对TiO2光催化降解甲基橙的可行性。并重点考察了Y2O3的掺杂量、催化剂的添加量、溶液初始浓度、光照时间、溶液pH值对降解率的影响。实验结果表明:单纯只靠紫外光光照或Y2O3掺杂并不能快速、有效地降解甲基橙。在Y2O3掺杂比为1.5%、催化剂用量为1.5 g/L、pH为6、初始浓度为10 mg/L的甲基橙,30w紫外灯光照降解1.5 h的条件下,甲基橙的降解率可达90.2%。     

新型连续光催化反应器光催化降解特性的研究

在设计并建立的连续列管式光催化反应器中,以纳米TiO2为催化剂对甲基橙水溶液进行光催化降解性能研究,系统考察了管程数、连接方式、气体流量、液体流量、pH、催化剂用量以及被降解物初始浓度等参数对降解率的影响。最适宜条件:管程为4且采用首尾相互连接方式,液相和气相流速分别为0.5 L/h、3 L/min,pH为4.0。在给定条件下反应器对质量浓度为20 mg/L的甲基橙溶液的光催化脱色率达最大值97.7%。     

SnO2掺杂TiO2催化超声降解甲基橙溶液的研究

采用实验室合成的SnO2 掺杂TiO2 作为催化剂 ,研究了各种因素对甲基橙超声降解反应的影响。结果表明在SnO2 掺杂TiO2 催化剂作用下超声降解甲基橙的效果明显优于纯的TiO2 。 1.5 %掺杂量的催化剂 ,用量在 1.0～ 1.5g/L之间 ,超声波频率 2 5kHz,输出功率 1.0w/cm2 ,pH为 1.0时 ,甲基橙水溶液初始浓度 2 0mg/L的条件下 ,10 0min左右基本可全部降解 ,COD的去除率也可达到了 99.0 %。因此 ,SnO2 掺杂TiO2 催化超声降解有机污染物的方法具有很好的应用前景。     

WO_3/BiOBr光催化剂催化降解甲基橙溶液

采用水热法制备WO_3/BiOBr复合光催化剂,以甲基橙为目标污染物,分别考察了催化剂用量、甲基橙溶液初始浓度、pH值及盐效应等对复合光催化剂光催化降解甲基橙性能的影响,并通过循环使用实验,考察复合光催化剂的稳定性。结果表明,在催化剂用量为2.0 g·L~(-1)、甲基橙初始浓度为20 mg·L~(-1)和溶液pH=6.2的条件下光照反应2 h,甲基橙脱色率可达99.39%;溶液中的Na Cl对降解有抑制作用;催化剂重复使用4次后,对甲基橙的脱色率仍可达74.77%,表明复合光催化剂有良好的光催化活性和稳定性。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.